Research J. Pharm. and Tech.2 (2): April.-June.

2009
,

ISSN 0974-3618 www.rjptonline.org

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Analgesic, AntiInflammatory and AntiHemorrhoidal Activity of

Aqueous Extract of Lantana Camara Linn
BK Gidwani1* Sushil Bhargava2, SP Rao2, A Majoomdar2, DP Pawar1, RN Alaspure1
1
Sharad Pawar College of Pharmacy, Wanadongri, Hingna Road, Nagpur - 4411100
2
Columbia institute of Pharmacy Tekari Raipur,493111
*Corresponding Author E-mail: bhargavasushil7@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The aqueous extract of aerial parts of the plant Lantana camara was examined for the analgesic (hot plate method),
antiinflammatory (carrageenan induced paw oedema test) activities in albino rats by oral and topical routes
respectively. The anti hemorrhoidal activity was carried on patients using capsules prepared from dry aqueous
extract of Lantana camara under the supervision of Chief medical officer, Department of shalya tantra Govt.
Ayurvedic hospital, Nagpur.

KEYWORDS: Lantana camara, Anti-inflammatory activity, Hotplate test.

INTRODUCTION:
Lantana camara Linn. (Verbenaceae) commonly known
as wild / red sage is the most widespread species of this
genus. The aerial parts of many species of Lantana are
widely used in folk remedies like cancer and tumors. A
tea prepared from the leaves and flowers were taken
against fever, influenza and stomachache. The species
name, Lantana camara is probably adopted from the
West Indian colloquial name for the common species.
The other uses of plant show antimalarial, antibacterial
and antidiarrhoeal activities. The present study was
conducted to verify the analgesic, anti inflammatory and
antihemorrhoidal activity of aqueous extracts of Lantana
camara.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Plant material:
Aerial parts of the plant Lantana camara was collected
and botanically identified at Department of Botany,
Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University,
Nagpur. Voucher specimen has been deposited at the
herbarium. Specimen Voucher No. is 9101
apparatus, and successively extracted with organic
solvents viz. petroleum ether, ethanol, acetone, methanol,
hydro alcoholic and aqueous solvents. The aqueous and
hydro alcoholic extractions were done by maceration
process.1
Further these extracts were subjected to phytochemical
screening for the presence of active constituents and
finally aqueous extract was used for the present work.
Animals:
The studies were carried out on albino rats (200 250g)
of either sex. The animals were housed in group of five
and maintained on a 12-h light: 12-h dark cycle with a
standard pellet diet and clean drinking water ad libtum.
Animal Ethical Committee approved the experimental
protocol under guidelines of CPCSEA, New Delhi.
Analgesic activity:
Analgesic activity of aqueous extract of Lantana camara
was screened by Eddys hot plate method.2

Preparation of Plant extract: Hotplate test:

The leaves of Lantana camara were air dried in shade,
under normal environmental conditions and then
subjected to size reduction to get coarse powder. Such
powdered material was charged into the soxhlet
Received on 22.01.2009 Modified on 16.04.2009
Accepted on 23.04.2009 RJPT All right reserved
Research J. Pharm. and Tech.2(2): April.-June.2009,;Page 378-381
The hotplate test was performed following the method
of Eddy and Leimbach with, modifications. Each rat was
placed singly on the hotplate at 56 10C and the time
for licking of the paws was recorded before, and 30 min
after, the oral administration of the different extract
solutions tested in two doses (300mg/kg and 500mg/kg),
the vehicle (control group Propylene glycol 1ml/1oog)
or the standard drug (Ibuprofen 100mg/kg).3

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Table 1: Comparison of analgesic activity of Lantana camara with standard (Ibuprofen)
Sr.No 0h 1h 2h % Maximum possible effect
Licking Jumping Licking time Jumping Licking time Jumping 0h 1h 2h
time (sec) time (sec) (sec) time (sec) (sec) time (sec)
Control 3.540.87 7.153.36 6.760.83 11.401.43 4.031.39 9.731.74 --- --- ---
(0.356) (1.37) (0.34) (0.58) (0.73) (0.74)
Standard 3.420.63 10.152.72 17.003.71 21.814.65 18.472.52 24.373.11 7.93 30.98 41.50
(0.254) (1.14) (1.51) (1.89) (1.03) (1.27)
Aqueous 5.8421.70 10.882.29 16.932.26 18.922.68 17.962.03 20.462.79 9.85 22.38 30.41
extract (0.846) (0.936) (0.900) (1.09) (0.82) (1.17)
(300mg/kg)
Aqueous 5.322.07 11.062.46 17.631.57 19.743.04 13.392.96 23.052.71 10.33 24.82 37.37
extract (0.847) (1.99) (0.64) (1.24) (1.211) (1.13)
(500mg/kg)

Table 2: Effect of aqueous extract of Lantana camara on anti-inflammatory activity

Compounds Increase in rat paw oedema Volume of % inhibition of
0h Mean SD 1h Mean SD 2h Mean SD 3h Mean SD oedema at 3h oedema at 3h
Control 1.750.106 2.190.512 2.220.163 1.750.106
Standard 0.370.03 0.440.02 0.480.018 0.530.026 0.34 70.17
Aqueous extract (300mg/kg) 0,290.032 0.360.023 0.680.07 0.700.035 0.52 54.38
Aqueous extract (500mg/kg) 0.200.017 0.27 0.021 0.400.031 0.640.024 0.44 61.40

Fig.1: Effect of extracts of Lantana camara on analgesic Antiinflammatory activity:

activity. The carrageenaninduced paw oedema test, an anti
inflammatory model first proposed by Winter et al. was
used in the present study. Rats were numbered and a
mark on lower left paw of each rat was made just
beyond tibio tarsal junction, so that every time the paw
was dipped in the column up to the fixed mark to ensure
constant paw volume. Initial paw volume was noted by
displacement method. One group served as negative
control (received normal saline), second group served as
positive control (received Aspirin 10 mg/kg), while the
third group served as test (received 500mg/kg of test
compound). After one hour, a volume of 0.1ml of 1%
saline solution of carrageenan was injected into the sub
plantar region of the rats left hind paw. The paw
volume was further evaluated again 1, 2 and 3 h of
Fig.2: Effect of aqueous extract of Lantana camara on anti -
carrageenan administration. Hind paw swelling was
inflammatory activity expressed in mm and calculated as a variation.4,5

Fig.3: Effect of treatment on pain

Effect of treatment on pain

3
2.5
2
Decrease in pain

1.5
1
0.5
The homogenous suspensions of extracts were prepared 0
in propylene glycol and distill water (1:9/ml). The basal 1 2 3 4
reaction time of animals on the analgesiometer at 0h, 1h, Follow up weeks
and 2h after drug administration was noted.

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Table 3: Effect of treatment on pain Hemorrhoids/ piles can be described as masses or
clumps ("cushions") of tissue within the anal canal that
Follow up weeks Group contains blood vessels and their surrounding, supporting
Mean (X) Standard Deviation (SD) tissue made up of muscle and elastic fibers.6 Selection of
1st week 2.826 0.388 patients was done according to their age, sex and dietary
2nd week 1.957 0.562 habits. Capsules were prescribed for one month, once in
3rd week 1.174 0.491
4th week 0.174 0.388
a day and assessment of subjective and objective
parameters were done. The parameters considered were
Table 4: Effect of treatment on itching pain, itching, constipation and bleeding.
Follow up Group
weeks Mean (X) Standard Deviation (SD) Observations and Statistical analysis:
1st week 2.13 0.757 Results were presented as means S.E.M for entire
2nd week 1.26 0.643 experiment. Statistical significance among groups was
3rd week 0.43 0.507 determined by ANOVA.7
4th week 0.11 0.300
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
Antihemorrhoidal activity: This study demonstrates for the first time the analgesic,
Antihemorrhoidal activity was carried out on patients anti inflammatory and anti hemorrhoidal activity of
using capsules prepared from dry aqueous extract of Lantana camara. This species is currently used in folk
Lantana camara 500mg/kg and Lactose 100mg/kg. The medicine for cancer and tumors. Fig.1 shows the effect
capsules were prescribed to 20 patients suffering from of aqueous extracts of Lantana camara on the latency
1st and 2nd degree hemorrhoids, under the supervision of time for licking of the paws to thermal stimulation.
Chief medical officer, Department of shalya tantra Govt. Results revealed that the rats showed significant effect
Ayurvedic hospital, Nagpur. when treated with Lantana camara (500mg/kg) in which
the leaking time was increased after treatment. Fig. 2
Fig.4: Effect of treatment on itching showed the results of antiinflammatory activity
indicating that the oedema, which is induced by
Effect of treatment on itching carrageenan in rat, paw increases in control group.
Treatment with aqueous extract of Lantana camara
(300mg/kg) exhibited mild decrease in paw volume but
Decrease in itching

2.5 when treated with 500mg/kg, showed significant

2 decrease.
1.5
1 Table 5: Effect of treatment on constipation
0.5 Follow up Group
0 weeks Mean (X) Standard Deviation (SD)
1 2 3 4 1st week 2.435 0.507
Follow up weeks 2nd week 1.522 0.511
3rd week 0.609 0.409
4th week 0.09 0.02

Table 6: Effect of treatment on bleeding

Fig.5: Effect of treatment on constipation
Follow up Group
weeks Mean (X) Standard Deviation (SD)
Effect on constipation 1st week 2.140 0.541
2nd week 1.123 0.338
3rd week 0.483 0.317
3 4th week 0.04 0.01
2.5
constipation
Decrease in

2 Results of anti hemorrhoidal activity revealed

1.5 significant reduction in signs and symptoms of acute
1 hemorrhoidal attack (viz. Bleeding, Anal discomfort,
0.5 anal discharge, swelling and pain at prolapse and
0 proctitis) at last week i.e. on 28th day was found treated
1 2 3 4 in patients. No significant adverse effects were reported.
Follow up weeks All these parameters are shown in fig 3, 4,5and 6.

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Fig.6: Effect of treatment on bleeding

Effect on treatment on Bleeding

2.5
2
Decrease in bleeding

1.5
1
0.5
0
1 2 3 4
Follow up weeks

CONCLUSION:
The study concludes that the aqueous extract of Lantana
camara leaves in capsule (500mg) (Solid) dosage form
is highly effective and safe for the treatment of
hemorrhoids. It is clearly proved that the aqueous
extract of Lantana camara leaves has promising
analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-hemorrhoidal
activity.

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Ed. published by Mahendra, B.S, 1996, 1914.
2. Johanson, J.F. and Sonnenberg, A., J. Gastroenterology.,
1990;98:380.
3. Johanson, J.F. and Sonnenberg, A., J. Gastroenterology.,
1994; 89:1981.
4. Warwick, R., Grays Anatomy, 35 th Ed., Churchill Living
stone, 1987; 345.
5. Garg, S.K.,. Shah, M.A., and. Garg, K. M., Indian J. Exp.
Biology. 1997, 35, 1315.
6. Mohamed, S., Kamel, A., Xiaoyang L. and James S., J.
Pharm. Biology., 1999, 37, 63.
7. www. veego. com/ ugo basile plethysmometer. htm.

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