ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

PROGRAM
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA
SABAH

ENGINEERING LAB 4
KE38101
SEMESTER 5 (2016/2017)
MODULE KL-64006

PREPARED BY:

Navinn a/l Mohanaraj

BK14110172

PREPARED FOR:

IR DR AHMAD MUKIFZA HARUN

Objectives

To understand the characteristic of ultrasonic waves

To understand the generations of ultrasonic waves and the design of the
vibrators
To study the transmitting and receiving of ultrasonic waves
To study the application of ultrasonic wave transducers in the field of
incremental control and instrumentation.

Equipment

KL-61001A Trainer
Module KL-64006

Procedure

1. The Ultrasonic Transducer Module KL-64006 was set to Trainer KL-61001A

2. The connection was connect as below

V O 18 KL-64006 connects to comparator V- KL-

61001A.
V+ to potentiometer
VR 2

V O to ALARM SIN IN

Potentiometer
VR 1 to +12V

VR 3 to -12V

3. The
VR s adjusted for
V O 18>VR 2 . The buzzer should be off because the

ultrasonic without interruption.

4. The ultrasonic wave was passing through with the book, hand or pen and the
operation was recorded.
5. The changed of sensitivity made by changing the
VR s

Figure 1 Transmitter

Figure 2 Receiver and alarm

Result

Figure 3: Value of Vo18

V o 18=2.436 V . So the values of VR s < 2.436 V. Since that the value of

V o 18 is larger than the value of

VR s the buzzer is off because the ultrasonic
dont have interruption.

Figure 4: Value of VRs

As we can see from figure 4 the value of VRs is 3.057V this make the buzzer is ON
because of the ultrasonic interruption.
 Figure 5: VRs = 2.281V Figure 6: VRs = 1.008V

By changing the sensitivity of VRs both in figure 5 and figure 6, when the ultrasonic
pass through the hand, the buzzer is still ON, but by adjusting the VRs to less than
0.163 V the buzzer turn OFF.

Figure 7: VRs = 0.163V Figure 8: Vo18 = 0.140V

The sensitivity can be made by adjusting VRs:

VR s V o 18 Buzzer

11.57 0.927 ON
3.057 0.193 ON
2.281 0.164 ON
1.008 0.163 ON
0.140 0.180 OFF
0.016 0.016 OFF

Discussion and Conclusion

Ultrasonic waves are sound waves transmitted above the human-detectable

frequency range, usually above 20,000 Hz. They are used by some animals and in
medical or industrial technological devices. It is a longitudinal mechanical wave
transmitted through the medium by local displacement of particles within the
medium. The displacement of the particle from their equilibrium position produces
changes in the medium density which is the areas of compression or rarefaction.

Figure 9

Figure 9 shows the ultrasonic receiver circuit. As we can see Q1 and Q2 are
connected in the form of cascade amplifier to amplify the signals that receive by the
ultrasonic receiver. U1 is a voltage follower other names is unity gain amplifier. It
has a voltage gain of 1 this means that the op amp does not provide any
amplification to the signal. This amplifier will bring the signal back to their original
strength but not making them stronger. The rectifying and filtering circuit,
composed by the CR2 and C3 it converts the AC signal to DC voltage. Ultrasonic
waves have no interference when the DC levels of C3 keep high and that makes the
comparator turn off the alarm.

The op amp comparator compares one analogue voltage level with another
analogue voltage level, or some preset reference voltage, V REF and produces an
output signal based on this voltage comparison. In other words, the op-amp voltage
comparator compares the magnitudes of two voltage inputs and determines which
is the larger of the two. In this experiment the output voltage is act as the reference
voltage while the input voltage will compare with it. Hence when the input voltage is
lower than the output voltage the buzzer will OFF and when the input voltage is
higher the buzzer will be ON.

Conclusion

As a conclusion, we able to know the characteristic of the ultrasonic which is

it operates at the frequency from KHz to the range of GHz. The application of
ultrasonic is included the distance measurement like what we do in this experiment.
Further applications like humidifiers, sonar, medical ultrasonography, burglar
alarms, non-destructive testing and wireless charging also very useful in our daily
life.