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diagram
A voltage stabilizer is a device which stabilizes the AC voltage and keeps it between 200V to
255V AC. Sometimes a variation of voltage or spikes appear on an AC line, if we use a voltage
stabilizer then the extra high voltages or low voltages can cause no problem to the appliances. It
protects any electronic device connected to it from getting damaged. Automatic voltage stabilizer
is very good example of power electronics projects.
Different varieties of voltage stabilizers are present in the market. But we can also make them at home
according to our needs and requirements.
The variable resistor is not reliable in this circuit and under the conditions of varying high and low
voltages, we need consistency in the operation of this circuit for longer periods of time therefore
we decided to use no variable resistor in the final product.
After the successful calibration, we can now remove the switch and the variable resistor from the
circuit. The switch and variable resistor can only be needed now if we want to recalibrate the
circuit, otherwise they are not required in the circuit anymore.
The above configuration shows the different tappings of transformer with relays. The switching of
input is done between 165V, 190V and 240V while for output the tappings are 240V and 215V.We
have used a simple autotransformer in this circuit. An auxiliary winding is used to power the
circuitry and the turns ratio have also been shown:
The DC voltage that goes into the 7805 is used in powering the relays also. But not directly, as the
voltage is still a bit higher than the rated voltage of relays. So we pass this voltage through four
diodes in series which will reduce the voltage by 2.8V. The microcontroller controls the switching
of relays, but it cannot provide the current required to operate the relays therefore we use transistors
to amplify the value of current.
Coming to the seven segment display, the three seven segments displays used in the circuit are
switched one after the other which minimizes the pins required to drive them. But this happens so
fast that we cannot comprehend it just by looking at them. The refresh rate is 167Hz, that is, the
display refreshes 167 times in a second. To achieve the required brightness, we have connected
seven transistors with the seven segment displays.
We have used three LEDs in the circuit also which shows the delay, low cut or high cut or simply
normal mode of the controller.This was the whole process of making an automatic voltage
stabilizer at home. By following the steps correctly, we hope that you can make one at home too
and you can also modify it according to your reqirements.