Matriculation QS025 2015

S.Y.Chuah
February 4, 2015

CHAPTER 6 : Data Descriptionn

6.1 Introduction to Data

(a) Identify the discrete and continuous data.

(b) Identify ungrouped and grouped data.
(c) Construct and interpret steam-and-leaf diagram.

6.2 Measures of Location

(a) Find and interpret the mean, mode, median, quartiles and percentiles for un-
grouped data.
(b) Construct and interpret box and whisker plots for ungrouped data.
(c) Find and interpret the mean, mode, median, quartiles and percentiles for
grouped data.

6.3 Measures of Dispersion

(a) Find and interpret variance and standard deviation for ungrouped data.
(b) Find and interpret the variance and standard deviation for grouped data.
(c) Find and interpret the Pearsons Coefficient of Skewness.

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Introduction
Statistics is a science that deals with collecting, organizing, summarizing, presenting and
analyzing data. Statistics can be divided into two branches descriptive statistics and
inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics consists of techniques involving col-
lecting, tabulating, presenting and summarizing information in clear and effective ways
in order to describe the set of data. Inferential statistics involves the techniques of
analyzing sample results to draw conclusion about the population.

Example:
(a) In the field of science, statistical techniques are used to analyze data that is created
from the experiment.
(b) In manufacturing, quality control is achieved with the aid of statistics.
(c) In the area of business, marketing survey are carried out to determine the compat-
ibility of the product with the economics and social demands.
(d) In the field of education, statistics is used to analyze the progress of students in an
examination.

List of Definitions
Population is the collection of all elements whose characteristics are being studied.

Population Parameter is a summary measure of a population (such as population

means , variances , etc.

A Sample is a set of measurements that constitute part or all of a population, that

is, a sample is a subset of a population.

Statistics is a science that deals with collecting, organizing, summarizing, presenting

and analyzing data.

A variable is any measured characteristic or attribute that differs for different sub-
jects. For example, if the weight of thirty subjects were measured, then weight would be
a variable.
1. Quantitative variables are measured on an ordinal, interval, or ratio scale;
2. Qualitative variables are measured on a nominal scale.

6.1 Introduction to Data

6.2 Measures of Location
6.3 Measures of Dispersion