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APUNTES
Cricothyrotomy: possible first-choice emergency airway access for treatment of acute upper
airway obstruction in dogs and cats
5.
APUNTES MI PARTE :
Traqueostomia temporal
f. Cuidado de rutina :
H. instrumentos
I. TECNICA
- Clip the patients ventral cervical region from the ramus of the mandible caudally to
the thoracic inlet, and laterally to the midcervical region.
- Following an aseptic surgical scrub and placement of sterilefield towels, make a
ventral midline skin incision over the fourth to fifth tracheal rings, caudal to the
thyroid cartilage (Fig 4).
- Larger incisions allow better visualization for persons not accustomed to performing
this procedure. Using a Kelly hemostat or Metzenbaum scissors, bluntly dissect
through the bellies of the sternohyoid muscles (Fig 5A and B).
- Care should be exercised to dissect in 1 tissue plane, to avoid multiple areas of
damage to adjacent musclefibers. The trachea can be visualized deep to the
sternohyoid muscles.
- The sternohyoid muscles should be retracted laterally using Gelpi retractors. This
helps to improve visualization of the tracheostomy site.
- Once the trachea is visualized, multiple techniques have been described to place
incisions in the trachea.
- Although vertical incisions have been described, this technique risks collapse of
adjacent tracheal rings following removal of the tracheostomy tube. For this reason,
and also for ease of surgery, the authors preference is to incise in between tracheal
rings with a transverse incision.
- Firstly, place 2 long stay sutures around adjacent tracheal rings, 4-5 rings caudal to the
larynx, when possible. Although some clinicians have described placing the suture
through the cartilage, there is an inherent risk of cartilage tearing and it is not
recommended. Once the sutures are securely tied, make a transverse incision in
between tracheal rings, taking care to not cut more than 50% of the tracheal
circumference(Figs 6and7).
- Before making the incision, deflate the ET tube cuff to prevent iatrogenic laceration of
the cuff on the patientSet tube.
- Once the incision is made in between tracheal rings, ope the tracheostomy site by
gently pulling on the stay sutures and remove the patients ET tube. Finally, insert the
temporary tracheostomy tube and secure the tube in place with an umbilical tape (Fig
8).
- In the event of tube obstruction, the umbilical tape can be cut and the tube can be
removed rapidly to prevent airway obstruction. Then, label the stay sutures as UP
and DOWNwith a permanent marker on the length of surgical tape for use during
tube removal and manual opening of the tracheostomy site during tube obstruction,
cleaning, and replacement (Fig 9).