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EW0009: 87 RA0022: 73 S
EW0011: 87 RA0023: 48, 49, 83 SK0017: 77
EW0035: 87 RA0024: 48, 49, 83 SK0057: 77
EW0061: 87 RA0025: 48, 49
EW0062: 87 RA0037: 78 T
RA0038: 54, 56, 57, 81 TC4013: 83
G RA0039: 11, 54, 55, 57, 61 TC4032: 83
GA0006: 76 RA0041: 33, 80 TC4033: 84
GR0010: 25, 39, 72 RA0042: 48, 83
GR0045: 88 RA0043: 83
GR0332: 55 RA0045: 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 61, 74, 75, 84
GR0336: 55, 81 RA0045-S1: 57
GR0398: 48, 83 RA0046: 83
GR0597: 75 RA0048: 83
GR0625: 88 RA0049: 48, 49, 83
GR0630: 88 RA0052: 54, 55, 56, 81
GR0707: 88 RA0055: 83
GR0917: 82 RA0056: 55, 57, 58
GR0924: 82 RA0057: 55, 57, 58
GR0958: 82 RA0058: 81
GU0133: 60 RA0060: 83
GU0138: 60 RA0062: 78
RA0063: 73, 74
H RA0067: 73, 74
HP 35670A Opt UK4: 43 RA0068: 74
HP 3569A: 43 RA0069: 48, 49, 84
RA0070: 81
K RA0071: 74
KB0060: 82 RA0072: 48, 49
KB0061: 82 RA0073: 56, 74
KB0065: 82 RA0075: 11, 55, 56, 74, 81
KB0066: 82 RA0076: 55
KB0090: 82 RA0077: 74
KB0091: 82 RA0078: 84
KB0110: 82 RA0080: 78
KB0111: 82 RA0081: 74
KB1060: 82 RA0082: 74
KB1061: 82 RA0083: 78
KB1065: 82 RA0084: 74
KB1066: 82 RA0085: 81
KB1090: 82 RA0086: 74
KB1091: 82 RA0087: 80
RA0088: 81
L RA0089: 75
LD2900: 43 RA0090: 37, 48, 49, 84
LD3000: 43 RA0091: 75
RA0092: 75
P RA0093: 75
PA0017: 87 RA0094: 75
PA0018: 87 RA0095: 75
PR0001: 16, 19, 27, 75, 87, 88 RA0096: 75
PR0001-1: 16, 19, 88 RA0107: 88
PR0002: 16, 19, 27, 75 RA0110: 81
PR001-1: 88 RA0113: 11, 56, 57, 74, 81
RA0114: 81
R RA0115: 81
RA0001: 55, 72 RA0116: 81
RA0003: 72 RA0117: 75
RA0006: 72 RA0118: 76
RA0007: 72 RA0119: 84
RA0009: 33, 80 RA0122: 76
RA0010: 34, 80 RA0125: 78
G.R.A.S. Sound & Vibration A/S RA0011: 78, 79 RA0127: 76
Skovlytoften 33 · 2840 Holte · Denmark RA0016: 72, 73 RA0131: 76
Tel.: +45 4566 4046 · Fax: +45 4566 4047 RA0017: 72 RA0132: 76
RA0018: 72, 73 RA0137: 57
E-mail: gras@gras.dk · www.gras.dk
RA0019: 73 RA0140: 78
RA0020: 73, 83 RA0141: 60, 82
G.R.A.S. Sound & Vibration RA0020-A: 73 RA0143: 82
23621 Lorain Road
North Olmsted, OH 44070, USA
Tel.: 440-779-0100 · Fax: 440-779-4148
E-mail: sales@gras.us · www.gras.us 97
INTRODUCTION
G.R.A.S. Sound & Vibration was founded in 1994 by
Gunnar Rasmussen and is a 100% privately owned
company. The company is located in Holte, Denmark,
20 km north of Copenhagen and produces acoustic
front-end products such as microphones, preamplifiers
and signal conditioning devices. Gunnar Rasmussen is
well known for his numerous contributions to the
development of noise and vibration measurement
instrumentation. For more than 50 years in the indus-
try he has developed a number of key products such as
modern measurement microphones, sound level
meters, sound intensity probes, delta shear accelero-
meters and many others. He has also worked with pre-
cision, free-field and pressure reciprocity calibrations,
as well as pistonphone and laser calibrations.
Product range
The company has concentrated its efforts and expert-
ise on the development and production of front-end
acoustic products. This includes in principle all products
necessary for the precise and reliable measurement,
and recording of acoustic signals, from the transducer
to the input of the A/D converter. The main line of
instrumentation includes a broad range of standard
measurement microphones and preamplifiers, all
designed and manufactured in accordance with inter-
national standards. These are complemented by a wide
range of more specialised transducers and accessories
for more specific applications such as sound intensity
microphones, artificial ears, ear and mouth simulators,
telephone-testing equipment, HATS, pistonphones and
calibrators etc.
Warranty
All microphones provided by G.R.A.S. Sound &
Vibration are constructed with a stainless steel protec-
tion grid and housing as well as special stainless alloy
diaphragm for unmatched durability and longevity. All
our high precision - type 1 - measurement micro-
phones are delivered with a five year warranty against
defective materials and workmanship.
All other instrumentation and products are warranted
against defective materials and workmanship for a
period of two years unless otherwise expressly speci-
fied. Excluded from these warranties, however, is dam-
age that is the result of negligent use, incorrect power
supplies, or incorrect connections to the equipment.
Batteries and other consumables are not covered by
the warranty.
Product improvements
G.R.A.S. Sound & Vibration works continuously to
improve products and reserves the right to change
product specifications without notice in order to take
advantage of new technological developments. Please
also check www.gras.dk for latest information.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES 6
Microphone selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Free-field, Pressure-field or Random-incidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Dynamic range of a microphone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Frequency range of a microphone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Externally polarized measurement microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Prepolarized measurement microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
SPECIAL MICROPHONES 16
Surface Microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Array Microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Array and Window Microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Probe Microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
PREAMPLIFIERS 22
1/2” Preamplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
1/4” Preamplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
1/2” CC Preamplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
1/4” CC Preamplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
TEDS MICROPHONES 28
Externally polarized TEDS Microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
CC TEDS Microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
POWER MODULES 62
Power Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
CC Input Adapter & Rack Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
Power Modules for Low-noise Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
ACCESSORIES 70
Accessories for Microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Accessories for Preamplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
Accessories for Outdoor microphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Accessories for Artificial Ears & Mouths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
Accessories for Pistonphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
Miscellaneous Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
CHARTS 89
Measurement Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
Calibration Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
Ear/Mouth Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Microphone Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
INDEX 96
MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES
MICROPHONE SELECTION
Measurement microphones are available in many types covering various frequency ranges, dynamic ranges
and application situations. The following guide is provided to help in selecting the right microphone for a given
application.
MICROPHONES 6
Free-field, Pressure-field or Random-incidence
Measurement microphones can be divided into three groups: Free-field, Pressure-field, and Random-incidence.
The differences between microphones from group to group are at the higher frequencies, where the size of a
microphone becomes comparable with the wavelengths of the sound being measured.
7 MICROPHONES
MICROPHONES
In general, a microphone with a high sensitivity will be able to measure very low levels, but not very high levels,
and a microphone with low sensitivity will be able to measure very high levels, but not very low levels.
The sensitivity of a microphone is determined chiefly by the size of the microphone and the tension of its
diaphragm. Generally speaking, a large microphone, with a loose diaphragm, will have a high sensitivity and a
small microphone, with a stiff diaphragm, will have a low sensitivity.
MICROPHONES 8
Frequency range of a microphone
The frequency range of a microphone is defined as the interval between its upper-limiting frequency and its lower
limiting frequency. With today’s microphones it is possible to cover a frequency range starting from around 1Hz
and reaching up to 140kHz.
Low frequency measurements require a microphone with a well-controlled static pressure equalisation with a very
slow venting.
High frequency measurements are very sensitive to diaphragm stiffness, damping and mass as well as diffraction.
The frequency ranges of various G.R.A.S. microphones To avoid this, the microphone is manufactured with a
are shown in the chart below. Different colours are static-pressure equalisation channel for equalising the
used to distinguish between pressure-field (dark grey), internal pressure with ambient pressure. On the other
free-field (orange) and random-incidence (light grey) hand, equalisation must be slow enough to avoid
microphones. affecting the measurement of dynamic signals.
The Type or Model number of each microphone is also shown. The micro-
phones are grouped according to size of external diameter, i.e. 1”, 1/2”,
1/4” and 1/8”.
9 MICROPHONES
EXTERNALLY POLARIZED MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES
Type 40AR
1/2” Random-incidence microphone
Type Size Application Sensitivity Dynamic range Frequency range Polarization voltage IEC 61094 designation
40AF 12.7 (1/2”) Free-field 50 15 – 146 3.15 – 20 k 200 WS2F
40AC 12.7 (1/2”) Free-field 12.5 27 – 160 3.15 – 40 k 200 WS2F
40AN 12.7 (1/2”) Free-field 50 15 – 146 1 – 20 k 200 WS2F
40BF 6.35 (1/4”) Free-field 4 40 – 174 10 – 100 k 200 WS3F
40AR 12.7 (1/2”) Random 50 17 – 146 3.15 – 12.5 k 200 WS2D
Units mm (housing) mV/Pa dB re. 20µPa Hz V
MICROPHONES 10
EXTERNALLY POLARIZED MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES
Type 40AP
1/2” Pressure-field microphone
High-sensitivity micro-
phone with a frequency
range from 3.15Hz to
10kHz. Can measure
sound pressure levels
down to 17 dBA. May
also be used as a ran-
dom-incidence micro-
phone.
Type Size Application Sensitivity Dynamic range Frequency range Polarization voltage IEC 61094 designation
40EN 23.77 (1”) Pressure 50 9.6 – 146 2.6 – 8 k 200 WS1P
40EU 23.77 (1”) Pressure 50 9.6 – 146 2.6 – 8 k 200 LS1P
40AG 12.7 (1/2”) Pressure 12.5 27 – 160 3.15 – 20 k 200 WS2P
40AU 12.7 (1/2”) Pressure 12.5 27 – 160 3.15 – 20 k 200 LS2aP
40AP 12.7 (1/2”) Pressure 50 17 – 146 3.15 – 10 k 200 WS2P
Units mm (housing) mV/Pa dB re. 20µPa Hz V
11 MICROPHONES
EXTERNALLY POLARIZED MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES
Type 40BH
1/4” Pressure-field microphone, very high levels
Type Size Application Sensitivity Dynamic range Frequency range Polarization voltage IEC 61094 designation
40BP 6.35 (1/4”) Pressure 1.6 45 – 174 10 – 70 k 200 WS3P
40BH 6.35 (1/4”) Pressure 0.4 60 – 194 10 – 20 k 200 -
40DP 3.16 (1/8”) Pressure 1 50 – 184 6.5 – 140 k 200 -
Units mm (housing) mV/Pa dB re. 20µPa Hz V
MICROPHONES 12
PREPOLARIZED MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES
Type 40BE
1/4” Free-field microphone, prepolarized, high levels
Type Size Application Sensitivity Dynamic range Frequency range Polarization voltage IEC 61094 designation
40AE 12.7 (1/2”) Free-field 50 15 – 146 3.15 – 20 k 0 WS2F
40BE 6.35 (1/4”) Free-field 4 40 – 168 10 – 100 k 0 WS3F
40AQ 12.7 (1/2”) Random 50 17 – 146 3.15 – 12.5 k 0 WS2P/D
Units mm (housing) mV/Pa dB re. 20µPa Hz V
13 MICROPHONES
PREPOLARIZED MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES
Type Size Application Sensitivity Dynamic range Frequency range Polarization voltage IEC 61094 designation
40AD 12.7 (1/2”) Pressure 50 17 – 146 6.3 – 10 k 0 WS2P/D
40AO 12.7 (1/2”) Pressure 12.5 27 – 160 3.15 – 20 k 0 WS2P
40BD 6.35 (1/4”) Pressure 1.6 45 – 174 10 – 70 k 0 WS3P
40DD 3.16 (1/8”) Pressure 0.7 50 – 184 6.5 – 140 k 0 -
Units mm (housing) mV/Pa dB re. 20µPa Hz V
MICROPHONES 14
Notes
15 MICROPHONES
SPECIAL MICROPHONES
Special microphones are often required for applications Close manufacturing tolerances together with the
where there are particular requirements surrounding advantages of the TEDS chip, provide these array
the methods of measurements and configurations as in microphones with a high degree of interchangeability;
the following: a major advantage when used in multiples forming
arrays and matrices. All have a coaxial SMB output
Surface microphones for general purpose measure- connector. See also Array Modules PR0001, PR0001-1
ments on planar and curved surfaces. Wide useful fre- and PR0002.
quency range reaching up to 20kHz and a large
dynamic range topping at around 136 dB. Probe microphones for measurements in difficult or
inaccessible situations, for example at high tempera-
Array microphones for situations where concurrent tures or in conditions of airflow. Its right-angled design
measurements are required at several points in an makes it particularly well suited for measurements in
array. exhaust systems and machinery in general, as well as
For example in the analyses of: for scanning surfaces such as loudspeakers and cabi-
nets.
Sound fields
Sound power The small size, low weight and all stainless steel design
Transients of the probe’s tip make it robust, durable, easy to han-
dle and simple to mount.
Also of particular value when measurement opportuni-
ties are few and far between either because of costs or Window microphones for architectural acoustics.
repeatability.
MICROPHONES 16
SURFACE MICROPHONES
Type 40PS
Surface microphone
17 MICROPHONES
ARRAY MICROPHONES
Low-cost pressure microphone for general-purpose Similar to Type 40PQ but with a factory-adjusted
measurements in arrays and matrices. It has a wide nominal sensitivity of 10 mV/Pa ± 0.2 dB which
useful frequency range reaching up to 10kHz and a ensures that signal conditioning is the same for each
large dynamic range topping at around 145 dB. Its Type 40PT in an array.
integrated CC preamplifier and built-in TEDS chip
enable it to be programmed as a complete unit.
Low-cost free-field microphone for general-purpose Similar to Type 40PQ but with a factory-adjusted
measurements in arrays and matrices. It has a wide nominal sensitivity of 50 mV/Pa ± 0.2 dB which
useful frequency range reaching up to 20kHz and a ensures that signal conditioning is the same for each
large dynamic range topping at around 138 dB. Its Type 40PF in an array.
integrated CC preamplifier and built-in TEDS chip
enable it to be programmed as a complete unit.
MICROPHONES 18
ARRAY MICROPHONES
Mounting rails for up to six G.R.A.S. array micro- A mounting rail which allows array microphones to be
phones, e.g. Types 40PR, 40PQ, 40PF or 40PT. Both spaced at intervals of 25 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm,
rails have a single 3m cable which terminates in a 7- 100 mm, etc.
pin male LEMO plug 1B for connecting each array
microphone in parallel with a constant-current power
supply and subsequent multi-channel facility for signal
analyses.
Accessories available:
19 MICROPHONES
ARRAY AND WINDOW MICROPHONES
Type 41AW
MICROPHONES 20
PROBE MICROPHONES
Small, compact unit for sound pressure measurements Similar to the Probe Microphone Type 40SA in both
in small enclosures, harsh environments and very size and performance but differs only in the way it is
close to sound sources. The high acoustic input powered. The Type 40SC is built around a prepolar-
impedance of the probe tip has minimal influence on ized microphone and CC preamplifier and requires a
the acoustic field, and can withstand temperatures of constant-current power supply. Instead of a cable, it
up to 800ºC. has a BNC output socket for making a connection to
a constant-current power supply such as the G.R.A.S.
The probe microphone is constructed with a detach- CC Supply Type 12AL, or direct to a data-acquisition
able stainless steel probe tip that guides the acoustic system that can supply constant current between
signal to a microphone buried inside the probe hous- 4 and 20 mA.
ing.
21 MICROPHONES
PREAMPLIFIERS
The output from a condenser microphone is a very There are today two different preamplifier principles in
high-impedance signal and is therefore very sensitive the world of acoustics..
to the capacitive loads of cables. This makes it neces-
sary to introduce a driver with a high input impedance One is the traditional type for externally-polarized
and a low output impedance. Such a driver is called a microphones often referred to as the “LEMO” type
preamplifier. because of its 7-pin connector and has become an
industry standard. It is voltage driven and can handle
The frequency range of a preamplifier is determined by high voltage signals of up to 50Vpeak.
its electronic circuit and is typically more than 200kHz
at the high end and 1 - 10Hz at the lower end. The The other principle uses a Constant Current (CC)
lower end is determined by the input impedance of the power supply and was introduced around 1996 to the
preamplifier and the capacitance of the microphone. world of high-precision acoustics. Before that, the
High microphone capacitance gives a low cut off fre- quality of CC preamplifiers was not as good as the volt-
quency. age driven LEMO types, but that is not the case today.
A CC preamplifier uses a Constant Current power sup-
The dynamic range of a preamplifier is defined as the ply, which must lie between 2mA and 20mA (nominal-
range between the highest level the preamplifier can ly 4mA), to produce a constant nominal voltage level
handle without distortion, and the lowest level it can of 12 Volt DC (referred to as the bias voltage). The
measure. The highest level is related to the preampli- output signal from the microphone superimposes fluc-
fiers supply voltage, whereas the lowest level is related tuations around this DC level. The great advantage of
to the electrical noise generated by the preamplifier CC preamplifiers is that they use a two wire system
itself. where the signal is superimposed on the wire through
PREAMPLIFIERS 22
which the current is kept constant. This means that They are all compatible with measurement micro-
simple co-axial cables can be used instead of the more phones as defined in the international standard IEC
complex 7-core cables used with the voltage driven 61094 “Measurement Microphones, Part 4:
LEMO types. This is traded off by accepting a lower Specifications for working standard microphones”.
upper limit in dynamic range (due to the lower driving
voltage of a constant-current source) which limits the All G.R.A.S. preamplifiers are built around a small,
maximum output signal to approximately 8Vpeak, and thick-film precision amplifier with very high input
the necessity of having to use prepolarized micro- impedance. The casings are made of stainless steel for
phones. The range of available prepolarized micro- maximum strength and durability with minimal sensi-
phones is still not as wide as for externally-polarized tivity to vibration and microphonics.
microphones, although G.R.A.S. was the first in the
world to introduce 1/4” prepolarized microphones, They will work within their specifications up to a tem-
and have just released a 1/8” prepolarized micro- perature of 70°C (158°F). Special versions for use at
phone. temperatures up to 120°C (248°F) are available on
request. The only effect of elevated temperature is a
G.R.A.S. microphone preamplifiers are all small robust slight increase in inherent noise level. This will change
units optimised for acoustical measurements with con- the lower limit of the dynamic range of the micro-
denser microphones. phone/preamplifier combination, thus limiting the abil-
ity to measure very low sound pressure levels.
CC (Constant Current) is the same as IEPE (Integrated Electronic Piezo-Electric) and CCLD (Constant Current Line
Drive) and is compatible with many other constant current driven products such as Deltatron®, Isotron, etc.
23 PREAMPLIFIERS
1/2” PREAMPLIFIERS
PREAMPLIFIERS 24
1/4” PREAMPLIFIERS
Preamplifier with 30 cm light- General-purpose preamplifier with Similar to Type 26AC but with
weight cable terminating in a 4- an integrated 3 metre lightweight 40 GΩ input impedance to enable
pin LEMO 0B connector. Intended cable terminating in a 7-pin LEMO low-level and low-frequency noise
for use with G.R.A.S. Sound connector. Includes built-in measurements.
Intensity Probe Type 50AI, in SysCheck facility for enabling easy
which case they are also available system checks to be made. A 1/4”
in matched pairs under the name: to 1/2” adapter, GR0010, is includ-
Type 26AA Set. ed, so that it can also be used with
G.R.A.S. 1/2” microphones.
25 PREAMPLIFIERS
1/2” CC PREAMPLIFIERS
Type 26CA
1/2” CC Preamplifier
Type 26CF
1/2” CC Preamplifier with gain and filters
PREAMPLIFIERS 26
1/4” CC PREAMPLIFIERS
Type 26CB
1/4” CC Preamplifier
Type 26CC
1/4” CC Preamplifier
27 PREAMPLIFIERS
TEDS MICROPHONES
IEEE P1451.4 defines the method of encoding TEDS Each preamplifier and microphone described in the fol-
information for a broad range of sensor types and lowing is calibrated together as a combined unit and
applications. In order to cover such a broad range while the information is stored in the built-in TEDS of the
also keeping memory usage to a minimum, the IEEE preamplifier.
P1451.4 TEDS concept utilises templates that define
the specific properties for different sensor types.
TEDS MICROPHONES 28
29 TEDS MICROPHONES
EXTERNALLY POLARIZED TEDS MICROPHONES
Type 46AP
1/2” TEDS Pressure-field Microphone
• 1/2" High-sensi-
tivity Pressure-
field Microphone
Type 40AP with a
frequency range
from 3.15Hz to
10kHz.
• 1/2" Preamplifier
Type 26TK with built-in TEDS chip and 7-pin LEMO
connector. Extension cables available:
AA0008/09/12/14/20.
Type Nominal Frequency Power Dynamic Output Temperature Length Diameter without Diameter with Weight
sensitivity response supply range impedance range protection grid protection grid
46AF 50 3.15 – 20 k 28 – 120 14 dBA to 146 dB 55 -30 to +70 101 12.7 13.2 42
46BF 4 4 – 100 k 28 – 120 30 dBA to 174 dB 55 -30 to +70 52 6.35 6.9 10
46AP 50 3.15 – 10 k 28 – 120 16 dBA to 154 dB 55 -30 to +70 101 12.7 13.2 42
46BP 1.6 4 – 70 k 28 – 120 31 dBA to 172 dB 55 -30 to +70 52 6.35 6.9 10
46AR 50 3.15 – 12.5 k 28 – 120 16 dBA to 154 dB 55 -30 to +70 101 12.7 13.2 42
Units mV/Pa Hz V DC re. 20µPa Ω °C mm mm mm g
TEDS MICROPHONES 30
CC TEDS MICROPHONES
31 TEDS MICROPHONES
MICROPHONES FOR OUTDOOR USE
Unprotected measurement microphones are sensitive Environmental Microphones are smaller units meant
to environmental factors such as wind, rain and snow. for temporary outdoor use in terms of days or weeks,
This shortcoming has been eliminated by specially- such as in time limited consultant work.
designed units that protect the microphone and its
diaphragm from the effects of outdoor use. Each has a Each type is available in the following two versions:
windscreen surmounted by four-pronged anti-bird
spikes to prevent birds using it as a perch. • For airport noise monitoring, where the measure-
ment direction points upwards (0º incidence).
Perching birds and their excreta can seriously distort
measurements or even overload the measurement • For community noise- or traffic noise measure-
equipment. Smaller birds have actually been known to ments, where the measurement direction is in the
nest on top of the earlier three-pronged anti-bird horizontal plane (90º incidence).
spikes. Hence, the introduction of the fourth, centre
prong. G.R.A.S. Sound & Vibration has more than 1500 of
these units deployed all over the world, from the arctic
Two types are available: cold in Norway to the humid jungles of Malaysia.
Outdoor Microphones for permanent outdoor use
which are encased stainless steel units that can with-
stand all weathers year after year e.g. in airport noise
monitoring systems.
For permanent outdoor installation, for example in air- For permanent outdoor installation, for example in
port noise monitoring systems. Has built-in A-weight- community noise- or traffic noise monitoring systems.
ing, ±20 dB amplifier (for shifting the dynamic range Has built-in A-weighting, ±20 dB amplifier (for shifting
up or down by 20 dB) and electrostatic actuator for the dynamic range up or down by 20 dB) and electro-
complete check of system functionality. Type approved static actuator for complete check of system function-
by PTB as part of a monitoring system for type 1 Sound ality. Type approved by PTB as part of a monitoring
Level Measurements. system for type 1 Sound Level Measurements.
Type 41AM is fitted with a special 1/2” microphone Type 41CN is fitted with a special 1/2” microphone
(Type 41AS) for measurements at 0º incidence and is (Type 40AS) for measurements at 90º incidence and is
optimised for use with its windscreen and rain protec- optimised for use with its windscreen and rain protec-
tion. tion.
Accessories included:
Complete birdspike . . . . . . . . . . . .AM0052
Transport protection cap . . . . . . . .AM0037
Spanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AM0038
Pole adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AM0029
Tripod adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AM0033
LEMO plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AE0001
Accessories available:
Pistonphone adapters:
41AM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .RA0009
41CN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .RA0041
Set of 5 foam windscreens . . . . . .AM0009
Extension cables:
3 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AA0003
10 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AA0002
20 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AA0001
30 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AA0017
50 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AA0004
100 m on cable drum . . . . . . . . . .AA0015
200 m on cable drum . . . . . . . . . .AA0016
Specifications Types 41AM and 41CN
Sensitivity 50 mV/Pa (unified)
Dynamic range 20 - 136 dB re. 20µPa
38 – 156 dB re. 20µPa in -20 dB gainsetting
Frequency response IEC 60651 type 0
ANSI S1.4-1983 type 0
IEC 61672 Class 1
Power supply 12 – 18 VDC
Cal. level of electro-static actuator 90 dB at 1000 Hz
Output connector 6-pin LEMO
Pole adapter 50 mm (1.97”) G 1 1/2” (ISO 228/1)
Reference direction 41AM 0° (vertical for airport noise)
Reference direction 41CN 90° (horizontal for community noise)
The G.R.A.S. series of Environmental Microphones are Three versions of the Environmental Microphone are
a low cost alternative to the Outdoor Microphones delivered fitted with special 1/2” microphones opti-
Type 41AM and 41CN. While the outdoor micro- mised for use with a windscreen and rain protection.
phones, with a stainless steel casing and elaborate These microphones are Types 41AS and 40AJ, for 0º
sealing system etc., are intended for permanent unat- incidence, and Type 40AS for 90º incidence. A fourth
tended outdoor installation, the Environmental version is fitted with a standard microphone.
Microphones are intended for short-term outdoor
measurements covering periods from a few days to Type 40AS (90º) is fitted to:
several weeks with an optional Desiccator Unit • Environmental Microphone Type 41AL-S.
AL0001. These units can withstand continuous rain
and operate over a wide temperature range. Type 41AS (0º) is fitted to:
• Environmental Microphone Type 41AL-1.
When the windscreen is removed, the Type 41AL can
be calibrated with a Pistonphone using a special Type 40AJ (90º), which is prepolarized, is fitted to:
Pistonphone Adapter RA0010. Afterwards, the • Environmental Microphone Type 41AL-2.
integrity of the whole measurement system can be
checked using an optional built-in SysCheck capability. Type 40AE (0º), which is prepolarized, is fitted to:
The Type 41AL fulfils the requirements for type 0 • Environmental Microphone Type 41AL-6).
Sound Level Meters, according to IEC standard
60651. It is available in the following versions with
both 0º and 90º incidence.
Accessories included:
Complete windscreen . . . . . . . . . .AM0145
Cable 3 m, LEMO 7-pin . . . . . . . .AA0008
Transport protection cap . . . . . . .AM0037
Light-weight microphone tripod . .AL0004
Specifications Type 41AL
Accessories available: Sensitivity 50 mV/Pa (nominal)
Dynamic range 20 – 146 dB re. 20µPa
Pistonphone Adapter . . . . . . . . . . .RA0010 Frequency response IEC 60651 type 0
Set of 5 foam windscreens . . . . . .AM0009 ANSI S1.4-1983 type 0
Desiccator Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AL0001 IEC 61672 Class 1
Power supply, Single 28 V, 0.7 mA to 120 V, 2.5 mA
Power supply, Dual ±14 V, 0.7 mA to ±60 V, 2.5 mA
Polarization voltage, 41AL-S and 41AL-1 200 V
Polarization voltage, 41AL-2 and 41AL-6 0V
Output connector 7-pin LEMO 1B, 3 m cable included
Pole adapter 50 mm (1.97”) G 1 1/2” (ISO 228/1)
used with AL0001
Mic. type and Reference direction See above
Type 41AO
Environmental Microphone
Normal measurement microphones as shown on page One of the applications of such microphones may be
6 have a very wide dynamic range and cover most the measurement of the sound power of high-end per-
practical applications. There are however special situa- sonal computers. These are not only used in noisy
tions where special microphones are required. One office environments, but tend to move into living
such application is in the measurements of very low rooms, meeting rooms and hotel rooms. In some hotel
sound pressure levels. Normal measurement micro- rooms the traditional TV set has been replaced by a
phones have a noise floor around 10 dBA re. 20 µPa in computer, delivering not only all TV channels, but also
1/3 octave bands, while the human ear is able to pay channels, account status, wake up calls and other
detect levels down to around 0 dB. In fact the 0 dB services. This requires the computer to be turned on all
level was originally defined as the threshold of the the time, and to avoid disturbances during sleep the
human hearing ability at 1kHz. noise level has to be below the threshold of hearing. In
turn, this requires that component manufacturers of
In some applications it is required to measure down to hard drives, fans, etc. also deliver very low noise
and below the threshold of the human ear. This is pos- devices.
sible by using special high sensitive microphones com-
bined with special low noise preamplifiers.
A wide dynamic range enables measurements from Wide dynamic range enables measurements from
below -2 dBA to 110 dB re. 20µPa (in 1/3-octave below 6.5dBA to 113 dB re. 20µPa (in 1/3-octave
bands) from 10Hz to 10kHz. bands) from 10Hz to 20kHz.
Comprises the following two specially-designed and Comprises the following two specially-designed and
matched components: matched components:
• Low-noise 1” microphone preamplifier (Type 26HF). • Low-noise 1/2” microphone preamplifier (Type 26HH).
Can be switched to operate either for pressure-field Can be switched to operate either for pressure-field
measurements or free-field measurements. measurements or free-field measurements.
The following high-quality extension cables are avail- The following high-quality extension cables are avail-
able for the preamplifier: able for the preamplifier:
• AA0046 (3 m) • AA0046 (3 m)
To complete the measuring system, a dedicated To complete the measuring system, a dedicated
power module is required (Type 12HF or Type power module is required (Type 12HF or Type
12HM). The specifications given below are for such a 12HM). The specifications given below are for such a
complete system. complete system.
Type 40HT
1/2” Low-noise Microphone System
• AA0046 (3 m)
• AA0047 (10 m)
• AA0048 (30 m)
The technique of intensity measurements is a powerful The Types 40AI and 40BI intensity microphone pairs
tool used for locating sound sources, order ranking have been carefully manufactured and selected to have
them and determining the sound power emitted. The minimum phase difference.
method is based on the simultaneous determination of
sound pressure and particle velocity using two closely To ensure maximum measurement accuracy, the spac-
spaced, face-to-face microphones. A sound-intensity ing between the microphones should be optimised for
probe must maintain a well-defined acoustical spacing the particular measurement conditions. At low fre-
between the microphones with a minimal of distur- quencies and in highly reverberant conditions, spacing
bance to the sound field. should be large, whereas at high frequencies, it should
be small.
Generally speaking, the technique of intensity meas-
urements involves determining the direction of a sound The G.R.A.S. Intensity Probe Type 50AI comes with a
wave by detecting differences in arrival time at two selection of solid spacers for microphone separations
closely-spaced microphone positions. ranging from 12 mm to 100 mm. The design of the
probe enables spacers to be swapped without disman-
If the sound wave arrives first at microphone A then, a tling the probe.
little later, at microphone B, the sound wave must be
travelling in the direction from A to B. On the other The useful frequency range of a sound intensity probe
hand, if it arrives first at microphone B, then it must be depends on the phase response of the microphones
travelling in the opposite direction. In the case where it and the distance between the microphones. The
arrives at the two microphones at the same time, then G.R.A.S. sound intensity probes have been designed to
it must be travelling in a direction perpendicular to the switch easily between different microphone spacers to
pair of microphones. cover different frequency ranges. The useful frequency
ranges for different microphone spacers are shown on
The ability of a pair of microphones to determine accu- the right.
rately small differences in arrival times depends on how
small the difference is between the phase responses of
the two microphones. Therefore, phase-matching is an
all-important factor for a pair of intensity microphones.
Type 40AK ments. As a pair, they fulfil the phase requirements for
1/2” Intensity-microphone Set Class 1 intensity microphones in accordance with IEC
International Standard 61043.
Complete set of a pair of
phase-matched 1/2” The solid spacers are for intensity probe configura-
intensity microphones, tions using microphone separations of 6 mm, 12 mm
solid spacers and adapters and 25 mm. The 6 mm spacer alone will cover a fre-
for a 1/4” Preamplifier quency range from 500Hz to 20kHz, and improve
Type 26AA Set. microphone protection even under the most adverse
of measurement conditions.
There are two right-angled adapters and one straight For calibrating the phase response of a pair of micro-
adapter for use with the 1/4” Preamplifier Type 26AA phones used for measuring sound intensity, e.g. Type
Set. 40AI and Type 40BI . It includes a calibrated acoustic
resistance to enable the computation of particle veloc-
Type 40AI ity and intensity levels.
1/2” Intensity-microphone Pair
Complies with IEC International Standard 61043.
A pair of 1/2” phase-matched intensity microphones
as used in the Type 40AK, but without spacers and
adapters for 1/4” preamplifiers.
Type 40BI
1/4” Intensity-microphone Set
INTENSITY PROBES 42
INTENSITY PROBES
This comprises:
The remote-control functions make it possible to con- Can be connected directly to any analyser with two
trol the process of data acquisition entirely from the standard 7-pin LEMO microphone-preamplifier inputs.
handle of the probe. Can be used with the following G.R.A.S. Power
Various versions of the Type 50AI are available with Modules, which provide all necessary voltages for
different remote-control handles for direct use with a powering the preamplifiers:
wide range of general-purpose frequency analysers as
well as specialised sound intensity analysers. These are • Intensity Module Type 12AB.
described in the following.
• Power Module Type 12AA (via the included adapter
cable AC0003, which splits the output from a 12-
pin LEMO socket into two 7-pin LEMO plugs).
Type 50AI
Version D
Type 50AI
Version HP
43 INTENSITY PROBES
SPECIAL INTENSITY PROBES
Sound intensity is a vector quantity that describes the The acoustical separation between the two micro-
direction and magnitude of the flow of sound energy. phones in a probe normally limits the operating fre-
A standard intensity probe measures the magnitude of quency range of a sound intensity probe. The frequen-
the intensity vector in only one dimension, i.e. in the cy range is related to the wavelength of the sound as
direction along the axis of the probe. To describe a well as the magnitude of its intensity relative to its
sound-intensity vector fully, the intensity needs to be sound pressure. Since the wide-band intensity probe
measured in at least three mutually perpendicular has two pairs of intensity microphones, it can simulta-
directions. This will give a complete description of the neously measure with two different acoustical separa-
vector in an orthogonal system of co-ordinates and the tions between microphones and thereby extend the
resultant magnitude and direction of the sound inten- useful frequency range.
sity vector can then be calculated.
Type 50VI
Vector-intensity Probe
INTENSITY PROBES 44
SPECIAL INTENSITY PROBES
Flexible and adjustable four-channel sound-intensity Two-channel intensity probe for serially measuring a
probe. It enables sound intensity measurements using three-dimensional sound intensity vector in a station-
two different microphone spacers simultaneously to ary sound field. It includes a pair of phase-matched
cover an extended frequency range. The spacers used intensity microphones Type 40AI mounted on a pair
with the Type 50VI-3 have lengths of 10 mm and 60 of Preamplifiers Type 26AA with adapters and spac-
mm to cover a frequency range from 80Hz to 10kHz ers. The whole assembly is mounted on a swivel head
measured at the same point. that can be swivelled in three mutually-perpendicular
directions by means of a pair of slider buttons on the
The remote control output can, for example, be con- probe handle.
nected to an RS-232 iterface for computer control of
the process of data acquisition. The probe handle has inputs for 2 preamplifiers and a
pair of LEDs for indicating two states as well as a pair
The Wide-band Intensity Probe comprises two pairs of push buttons for interactive use with a remote-
of phase matched intensity microphones Type 40AI, control system. For example, the output socket for
two pairs of preamplifiers Type 26AA, 12 mm and 60 remote control can be connected to the RS-232 inter-
mm spacers, a 6-channel probe handle and a 10 m face of a computer which controls the process of data
cable with LEMO connectors. acquisition.
45 INTENSITY PROBES
PISTONPHONES
AND CALIBRATION EQUIPMENT
Calibration is an essential step in every precision noise a) Reciprocity is normally considered the most accu-
measurement. It establishes the relationship between rate of methods but is elaborate and expensive.
the sound pressure acting on a microphone and the
resulting electrical output of the microphone. There are b) Comparison is where the sensitivity of the micro-
basically two properties of a measurement microphone phone under test is compared with the known
requiring calibration, these are: level calibration and a sensitivity of a reference microphone. It is simple
frequency-response calibration. and can be done with commonly-available equip-
Level calibration determines the absolute sensitivity of ment and requires minor investment.
the measurement microphone. Various methods can be
used, e.g. reciprocity, comparison, pistonphone or cali- c) A pistonphone, with a precision barometer for
brator. applying static pressure corrections, is a robust
and highly reliable method of level calibration at
250Hz.
Generally, pressure response is determined by using an The pistonphone works on the principle of a pair of
electrostatic actuator which simulates purely an oscil- similar opposing, reciprocating pistons actuated by a
lating pressure exerted on the microphone’s precision-machined cam disc with a sinusoidal profile.
diaphragm. Free-field and diffuse-field responses can The profile of the cam disc is such that the pistons fol-
then be arrived at by adding predetermined correction low a sinusoidal movement at a frequency equal to
values to the measured actuator (pressure) response of four times the speed of rotation. This results in a corre-
the microphone. sponding sinusoidal variation in the effective volume of
the closed coupler and, consequently, an acoustic sig-
Electrostatic actuators require no special acoustic labo- nal within it.
ratory facilities since background noise is not too criti-
cal a factor. The mechanical structure of the pistonphone makes
this generated acoustic pressure signal very reliable and
An electrostatic actuator consists of an electrically con- stable. By careful control of the atmospheric pressure
ductive rigid plate mounted close to, and parallel with, conditions and the calibration temperature, the calibra-
the microphone’s diaphragm. When an oscillating volt- tion far exceeds the requirements for class LS calibra-
age is applied between the microphone’s housing and tors. Absolute calibration accuracy has been deter-
the electrostatic actuator, an oscillating force will be mined to be within ±0.05dB at reference conditions for
exerted on the diaphragm. This oscillating force simu- the pistonphone.
lates an oscillating sound pressure, thus making it pos-
sible to determine the response of the microphone to
Type 42AP
Intelligent Pistonphone
The display can be switched to show any of the following: Available accessories:
Pocket-sized, battery operated calibrator for micro- High-voltage, high-gain amplifier and voltage supply
phones, sound level meters and other sound measur- for driving electrostatic actuators. The high-voltage
ing equipment. Produces a constant nominal sound output can also be used to drive standard micro-
pressure level of 114 dB re. 20 µPa (equivalent to 10 phones as sound sources. The Type 14AA can drive
Pa) at 1kHz. Easy to use and requires no corrections an electrostatic actuator with a 300 V peak-to-peak
for ambient pressure changes or microphone equiva- signal superimposed on 800 V DC. Its wide frequency
lent volume. Includes adapters for calibrating 1”, range makes it possible to determine the pressure fre-
1/2” and 1/4” microphones. The Type 42AB complies quency response of condenser microphones from
with the requirements of IEC 942 (1988) Class 1. 200Hz to 200kHz (note: care should be taken below
200Hz because of the influence of pressure equalisa-
tion in the rear volume of the microphone). The Type
14AA can be connected directly to an external signal
generator or the generator output of any standard
signal analyzer.
RA0014 AL0010
1/2” Electrostatic Actuator Calibration Stand
RA0015
1” Electrostatic Actuator
The human ear is acoustically a complicated structure The IEC 60318 coupler is an example of a standardised
with volumes, channels and damping resulting in a human ear, having the same acoustic input impedance
complex acoustical impedance. Also, at higher fre- as an average human ear. Other examples are:
quencies, the diffraction around the outer ear will
change the acoustic field and result in a unique • IEC 60126 Reference coupler for the measurement of
response at the inner ear. hearing aids using earphones coupled to the ear by
In order to be able to compare and quantify measure- means of ear inserts.
ments related to the human ear, a number of interna- • IEC 60711 Occluded-ear simulator for the measure-
tional standards and recommendations have defined ment of earphones coupled to the ear by ear inserts.
some "ideal" or average ears. These can be simulated
by more or less complicated mechanical and acoustical
systems.
Type 43AA
Artificial Ear with IEC 60318 Coupler
Type 43AB
Artificial Ear with IEC 60126 2cc Coupler
Type 43AC
Artificial Ear with IEC 60711 Coupler
Type 43AD
Artificial Ear with IEC 60318 Coupler
Type 43AE
IEC 60711 Ear Simulator
Type 43AF
Artificial Ear with NBS Coupler
It includes an IEC 60711 Ear Simulator RA0045, 1/2” • ANSI S3.7-1973 American National Standard for
Microphone Type 40AG (IEC WG2P), 1/4” Coupler Calibration of Earphones.
Preamplifier Type 26AC and a Test Jig RA0052 with
an adjustable-force clamp. It is delivered with a It uses a 1/2” microphone (e.g. Type 40AG) and a
KEMAR Ear with a hardness of shore 00-55, which is suitable preamplifier (e.g. Type 26AC, which is a 1/4”
easily interchangeable with other optionally-available preamplifier but is supplied with an adapter for 1/2”
KEMAR Ears. microphones).
RA0075
NBS 9A 6cc Coupler
RA0113 RA0045
IEC 60126 2cc Coupler IEC 60711 Ear Coupler
RA0056 RA0057
Low-leak Pinna Simulator High-leak Pinna Simulator
A low-leak, pinna (outer ear) simulator for use with A high-leak, pinna (outer ear) simulator for use with
the Ear Simulator RA0045 to simulate a complete ear the Ear Simulator RA0045 to simulate a complete ear
for testing telephones and loudspeakers. The RA0056 for testing telephones and loudspeakers. The RA0057
meets the specifications in the ITU-T meets the specifications in the ITU-T
Recommendation P.57 (08/96) "Series P: Telephone Recommendation P.57 (08/96) "Series P: Telephone
transmission quality, Objective measuring apparatus: transmission quality, Objective measuring apparatus:
Artificial ears". Artificial ears".
A sound source which simulates the acoustic field A sound source which simulates the acoustic field
close to the human mouth and complies with the close to the human mouth and complies with the
Standards IEEE 269, 661 and ITU-T Rec. P51. Standards IEEE 269, 661 and ITU-T Rec. P51.
For testing telephone mouthpieces as well as other For testing telephone mouthpieces as well as other
microphones similarly used in communication net- microphones similarly used in communication net-
works. At the mouth reference point (MRP), which is works. At the mouth reference point (MRP), which is
25 mm from the detachable lip ring (35 mm from its 25 mm from the detachable lip ring (35 mm from the
mouth), the minimum-continuous signal it can pro- mouth of the Type 44AB), the minimum-continuous
duce in 1/3-octave bands is 100 dB re. 20µPa in the signal it can produce in 1/3-octave bands is 100 dB
frequency range 100Hz to 10kHz. Its loudspeaker re. 20µPa in the frequency range 100Hz to 10kHz. Its
accepts an external signal either directly or via its own loudspeaker accepts an external signal directly via a
built-in power amplifier (when power is applied). BNC input.
Jigs are included for calibration according to CCITT Jigs are included for calibration according to CCITT
P.51 and Fpr IEEE 269. These are for use with 1/4” or P.51 and Fpr IEEE 269. These are for use with 1/4” or
1/2” microphones. One jig holds the microphone at 1/2” microphones. One jig holds the microphone at
0º incidence (1/4” only) to the sound source, the 0º incidence (1/4” only) to the sound source, the
other at 90º incidence (1/4” or 1/2”). other at 90º incidence (1/4” or 1/2”).
Type 45AA
Telephone Test Head
The KEMAR Manikin is an acoustic research tool For testing the performance of hearing-protection
which permits reproducible measurements of hearing devices such as ear plugs and ear muffs (supra-aural
instrument performance on the head, and of stereo- as well as circum-aural). Conforms with ISO 4869-3.
phonic sound recordings as heard by human listeners.
This head and torso simulator (HATS) is based on Can be fitted with a range of moulded-rubber
worldwide average human male and female head and KEMAR Ears for testing ear plugs. Accepts one or two
torso dimensions and meets the requirements of ANSI microphones, IEC 60318 (RA0039) and IEC
S3.36/ASA58-1985. 60711(RA0045) Ear Simulators.
• Telecommunications
• Hearing conservation
• Noise abatement
Available accessories
Measurement microphones and preamplifiers require A-weighting is the most commonly used form of fre-
special voltages for supply and polarization. There are quency weighting in acoustic measurements. It
two different supply principles. One is for the tradition- approximates the sensitivity of the human ear, which
al voltage-driven preamplifiers, and one is for CC results in a more subjective measurement of noise.
(Constant Current) preamplifiers. Acoustic measure-
ments also often require special signal conditioning Low frequency acoustic signals generated, for exam-
such as A-weighting or high-pass filtering. ple, by wind flow may overload the input section of the
Amplification or attenuation of the signal may also be analyzer and subsequent measurement chain. This can
necessary. be avoided by removing frequencies below 20Hz with
the high pass filter of a power module.
Standard externally-polarized condenser microphones
require a stable polarization voltage of 200 V DC for The wide range of G.R.A.S. power modules can fulfil
proper operation. This polarization voltage may be these requirements. Some are simple supplies that give
turned off in the power modules for use with pre- only the special voltages required whereas others also
polarized microphones too. include signal conditioning.
POWER MODULES 62
CC stands for “Constant Current” and describes There are also dedicated power modules for use only
G.R.A.S. power supplies that maintain a constant level with G.R.A.S. low-noise measurements systems. They
of current for driving CC transducers such as G.R.A.S. provide polarization and supply voltages for powering
Preamplifiers Types 26CB, 26CC (1/4”) and Types the special low-noise microphones and preamplifiers of
26CA, 26CF (1/2”), as well as the G.R.A.S. Array these low-noise systems as well as the network for
Microphones Types 40PQ, 40PR, 40PF and 40PT Since selecting a response setting of either pressure or free
current is constant, the only thing that can vary with a field.
CC transducer under excitation is the supply voltage
which is analogous to its output signal. Large systems for multi-channel acoustic measure-
Furthermore, since power is supplied via the same line ments involving eight channels or more are most eco-
as that used by the signal, only a co-axial cable is need- nomically realised by using multi-channel power sup-
ed for connecting the transducer to the power supply plies. Two G.R.A.S. 8-channel power supplies will fit
and subsequent analyzer. into a G.R.A.S. 19” rack kit enabling 16 channels to be
mounted in a 5 1/4” high by 19” wide rack space.
Most G.R.A.S. power modules will fit into the rack kit.
63 POWER MODULES
POWER MODULES
A battery indicator is included to monitor battery con- A battery indicator is included to monitor battery con-
dition as well as an input socket for an external power dition as well as an input socket for an external power
supply. supply.
POWER MODULES 64
POWER MODULES
The A-weighting network fulfils the requirements of The A-weighting network fulfils the requirements of
IEC 60651 for Type 0 and IEC 61672 Class 1 Sound IEC 60651 for Type 0 and IEC 61672 Class 1 Sound
Level Meters. The high-pass filter is a 3-pole butter- Level Meters. The high-pass filters are 3-pole butter-
worth filter with a cut-off frequency at 20Hz. worth filters with a cut-off frequency at 20Hz.
A battery indicator is included to monitor battery con- A battery indicator is included to monitor battery con-
dition as well as an input socket for an external power dition as well as an input socket for an external power
supply. It also has a built-in 1kHz precision calibration supply. It also has a built-in 1kHz precision calibration
generator with adjustable level for activating the generator with adjustable levels for both channels for
SysCheck function in the preamplifier such as G.R.A.S. activating the SysCheck function in the preamplifier
Type 26AJ and 26AL. The generator can be activated such as G.R.A.S. Type 26AJ and 26AL.. The generator
either via a front-panel button or remotely via an can be activated either via a front-panel button or
input on the back of the module. remotely via an input on the back of the module.
12 of these Power Modules can be mounted in a 12 of these Power Modules can be mounted in a
G.R.A.S. AK0040 standard 19” rack. G.R.A.S. AK0040 standard 19” rack.
65 POWER MODULES
POWER MODULES
8-channel mains/line operated power supply, but can Two-channel, battery-operated, microphone power
also be powered by an external DC supply. It is built supply for use with the Sound Intensity Probe Type
for multi-channel acoustic measurements, using pre- 50AI versions B, C and D.
amplifiers and condenser microphones.
It has a 12-pin LEMO 1B input connector for direct
Each channel offers a choice of linear response, A- connection with the intensity probe and two BNC
weighting and high-pass filters, and has a built-in output sockets for the microphone signals. It also has
1000Hz oscillator, which enables a complete channel a 9-pin D-sub socket for connecting to the RS-232
check when used in conjunction with preamplifiers port of a computer for software control of the
having a SysCheck or similar facility. The polarization remote-control facilities of the Sound Intensity Probe
voltage can be set to either 200V or 0V allowing the Type 50AI.
use of either externally-polarized and prepolarized
microphones. The preamplifier supply voltage can be A battery indicator is included to monitor battery con-
selected internally to either 28V or 120V. dition as well as an input socket for an external power
supply.
Each channel has a 7-pin LEMO 1B input connector
for a microphone preamplifier, as well as indicators for 12 of these Power Modules can be mounted in a
instantaneous and latched overloads. G.R.A.S. AK0040 standard 19” rack.
POWER MODULES 66
POWER MODULES
Combined microphone conditioning amplifier and Low-noise CC Supply for powering microphone pre-
power amplifier for simultaneously powering a pream- amplifiers requiring a constant-current power supply,
plifier for a condenser microphone and an amplifier e.g. G.R.A.S. Preamplifiers Type 26CB (1/4”) and
for a loudspeaker (suitably, any sound source using a Type 26CA (1/2”). It can also power the G.R.A.S.
loudspeaker/earphone/coupler). By design, it will Probe Microphone Type 40SC and the G.R.A.S. Array
avoid system-generated noise, e.g. from ground Microphones Type 40PR and Type 40PQ.
loops.
The Type 12AL covers the frequency range from 1Hz
It is remotely controlled entirely via its RS-232 inter- to 200kHz and has a switchable A-weighting network
face and, for this purpose, is delivered with a control and overload indicator. It is powered either by two
program for Microsoft Windows®. internal batteries (LR6-AA) or by an external 3 – 6V
DC supply.
In a measurement set-up, the Type 12AP straddles
the paths of both the signal sent out to the loud-
speaker and the resulting acoustic signal picked up by
a condenser microphone fitted to the preamplifier. In
both cases, its set-up for handling these signals inde-
pendently comes under external control.
67 POWER MODULES
CC INPUT ADAPTER & RACK SYSTEMS
AG0002 AK0040
CC Input Adapter Standard 19” Rack-mounting System
An inline adapter for using a CC preamplifier with a A shelf for mounting instrument cabinets, e.g.
(constant-voltage) G.R.A.S. Power Module. One end G.R.A.S. Power Modules, and can itself be mounted
plugs straight into the Power Module’s input LEMO in a standard 19” instrumentation rack via its flanges.
connector and the other end has a BNC socket for It can house instruments 133 mm high and is wide
making a connection with a CC preamplifier, e.g. enough to contain instruments amounting up to a
G.R.A.S. CC Preamplifiers Type 26CB, 26CC (1/4”) total width of 430 mm.
and Type 26CA, 26CF (1/2”).
AK0096
Rack Kit
POWER MODULES 68
POWER MODULES FOR LOW-NOISE MEASUREMENTS
Power supply for single-channel, low-noise measure- The G.R.A.S. Power Module Type 12HM is a 10-
ments using the matched, low-noise preamplifiers and channel power supply for multi-channel low-noise
high-sensitive microphones of G.R.A.S. low-noise measurements using the matched, low-noise pream-
measuring systems (Types 40HF, 40HH and 40HT). plifiers and high-sensitive microphones of G.R.A.S.
low-noise measuring system (Types 40HF, 40HH and
40HT).
The Type 12HF provides:
When fitted with these matched preamplifiers and
• Polarization voltage (200 V) for the condenser microphones, the Type 12HM can be used in sound-
microphone power measurements of low-noise products, such as
• Voltage supplies (±15 V) for powering the micro- disk drives, under anechoic and/or semi-anechoic
phone preamplifier conditions according to IEC 745:1977.
• A response setting of pressure or free field
When fitted with the above matched preamplifiers and The Type 12HM provides:
microphones, the Type 12HF supports the specifica-
tions of a G.R.A.S. low-noise measuring system. • Polarization voltages (200 V) for up to 10 condens-
er microphones
• Voltage supplies (±15 V) for powering up to 10
microphone preamplifiers
• Individual response setting, pressure or free field, for
each channel
• Individual gain adjustment of ±3 dB for each chan-
nel.
When fitted with the above matched preamplifiers
and microphones, each channel supports the specifi-
cations of a G.R.A.S. low-noise measuring system.
69 POWER MODULES
ACCESSORIES
G.R.A.S. Sound & Vibration offers a wide range of available as extras. All can be ordered individually. The
standard accessories in the form of cables, adapters, brief descriptions given here as well as those on down-
windscreens and tripods for use in measuring set-ups. loadable accessories sheet will help you to select what
These can be broadly split up under accessories for you need for your particular set-up. At all events, feel
microphones, preamplifiers and outdoor microphones. free to contact your local representative if you need
Some are included with certain products, some are advice or further information.
ACCESSORIES 70
ACCESSORIES FOR MICROPHONES
AI0001 AM0363
Elliptical Windscreen for Intensity Probes Spherical windscreens for 1” microphones
71 ACCESSORIES
ACCESSORIES FOR MICROPHONES
AF0008 RA0006
Adapter for 1/4” preamplifier and 1/2” microphone Right-angled (90º) adapter for
1/4” microphone and 1/4” preamplifier
An inline barrel adapter
for using 1/4” preampli- The RA0006 is a right-
fiers with 1/2” micro- angled adapter for using
phones. Included with a 1/4” microphone with a
Preamplifier Type 26AB. 1/4” preamplifier. It can
be used with any stan-
dard 1/4” microphone
and 1/4” preamplifier
such as the Type 26AC.
GR0010 RA0007
Adapter for 1/4” preamplifier and 1/2” microphone Straight adapter for 1/4” preamplifiers
RA0001 RA0016
Right-angled (90º) adapter for 1/2” microphone 20 dB Attenuator for externally-polarized
and 1/4” preamplifier 1/2” microphones
RA0003 RA0017
Adapter for 1/2” microphone and 1/4” preamplifier Adapter for 1” microphone and 1/2” preamplifier
ACCESSORIES 72
ACCESSORIES FOR MICROPHONES
RA0018 RA0022
20 dB Attenuator for prepolarized 1/2” microphones 1/4” Nosecone
RA0063
RA0019 Adapter for 1/8” microphone and 1/4” preamplifier
Adapter for 1/4” microphone and 1/2” preamplifier
The RA0063 is an adapter
The RA0019 is an adapter for using a 1/8” micro-
for using a 1/4” micro- phone with a 1/4” pre-
phone with a 1/2” pream- amplifier. It can be used
plifier. Its influence on the with any standard 1/8”
acoustic field is minimal. microphone and 1/4”
To reduce attenuation of preamplifier such as the
the microphone signal, the Type 26AC. To reduce
guard ring of the pream- attenuation of the micro-
plifier is extended through phone signal, the guard ring of the preamplifier is
the RA0019. extended through the RA0063.
RA0020 RA0067
1/2” Nosecone Transmitter adapter for 1/2” microphones
73 ACCESSORIES
ACCESSORIES FOR MICROPHONES
RA0068 RA0081
Transmitter adapter for 1/2” microphones Special tool for gripping 1/2” microphones
ACCESSORIES 74
ACCESSORIES FOR MICROPHONES
RA0089 RA0094
Adapter for 1/8” microphone and 1/2” preamplifier Stainless-steel tripod adapter
(long version)
Adjustable, high-quality,
The RA0089 is an adapter for using a 1/8” micro- stainless-steel tripod
phone with a 1/2” preamplifier. It can be used with adapter for microphone
any standard 1/8” microphone and 1/2” preamplifier arrays PR0001 and
such as the Type 26AK. Its extended length improves PR0002.
high-frequency performance by reducing diffraction Angular adjustment: 180°
effects. in steps of 45°.
RA0091
Insulated 1/2” microphone protection grid RA0095
Dehumidifier for 1” microphones
For avoiding ground
loops, e.g. with GR0597 For use when humidity levels are high and only with a
in telephone testing set- rear-vented 1” microphone. In the case of the
ups using the Artificial Ear 1” Microphone Type 40EH used in the G.R.A.S.
Type 43AD. Low-noise Level Microphone System Type 40HF,
please order only at the time of ordering a Type 40HF.
An indicator placed on the side of the dehumidifier
shows when it needs to be dried out before further
use.
RA0092
Rain-protection cap for array microphones RA0096
Stainless-steel tripod adapter
The RA0092 is for use
with G.R.A.S. array micro- Adjustable, high-quality,
phones Types 40PR, stainless-steel tripod
40PQ, 40PF and 40PT. adapter for 1/4” micro-
phones/preamplifiers.
Angular adjustment: 180°
in steps of 45°.
RA0093
Stainless-steel tripod adapter RA0117
Coupler adapter for 1/2” to 1/4” microphone
Adjustable, high-quality,
stainless-steel tripod The RA0117 is an adaptor
adapter for 1/2” micro- for mounting a 1/4”
phones/preamplifiers. microphone in couplers
Angular adjustment: 180° designed for 1/2” micro-
in steps of 45°. phone. e.g. the IEC711
coupler type RA0045.
75 ACCESSORIES
ACCESSORIES FOR MICROPHONES
RA0118 RA0132
Attenuator for 1/4” microphones Dehumidifier for 1/2” microphones
AL0004
Small light weight microphone tripod
ACCESSORIES 76
ACCESSORIES FOR MICROPHONES
AL0005 AL0013
Swivel head Tripod adapter for 1/4” microphones/preamplifiers
For tripods with a stan- The AL0013 is an adapter for using 1/4” preamplifiers
dard 1/4” UNC-20 with microphones on tripods with a standard 1/4”
thread. UNC-20 thread. It is recommended for use with the
swivel adapter AL0005.
SK0017
Tripod thread insert
AL0012
Tripod adapter for 1/2” microphones/preamplifiers
77 ACCESSORIES
ACCESSORIES FOR PREAMPLIFIERS
RA0011 RA0083
Gooseneck BNC to 7-pin LEMO Adapter
The RA0062 is a 20pF For checking the inherent noise level of a preamplifier
input adapter for 1/2” loaded purely by the capacitance of a 1” microphone.
preamplifiers. One end
screws on to a 1/2” pre-
amplifier and the other AG0001
end has a BNC input con- Adapter for 7-pin LEMO to B&K
nector. This enables con-
necting a signal generator The AG0001 is an
to the input of the pre- adapter for a 7-pin LEMO
amplifier. RA0062 can be used as a 20pF dummy load connector and a tradition-
when short circuiting the BNC input. al 7-Pin B&K microphone
input connector.
RA0080
6pF Preamplifier-input adapter for 1/4" microphones
ACCESSORIES 78
ACCESSORIES FOR OUTDOOR MICROPHONES
AC0001 AM0033
Calibration Control Box for Types 41AM/41CN Tripod adapter
The AC0001 is a control box with local and remote For mounting Outdoor
facilities for switching on/off the Actuator Calibration Microphone Types
of the Outdoor Microphone Systems Types 41AM 41AM/41CN (fitted with
and 41CN. It also has a BNC output for analysing the Pole Adapter AM0029)
signals from these Outdoor Microphone Systems. It on a tripod. Has 1” RG
can be connected to a 12 – 18 V DC mains/line (ISO 228/1) male thread
adapter for powering the Types 41AM and 41CN. on top and 3/5” UNC-16
thread at the bottom.
AL0001 AM0037
Desiccator for Type 41AL Transport protection cap
AM0009 AM0038
Windscreens for Types 41AM/41CN/41AL Multi spanner/wrench
AM0029
Pole adapter
RA0011
79 ACCESSORIES
ACCESSORIES FOR OUTDOOR MICROPHONES
AM0052 RA0009
Complete windscreen/birdspike for Types Adapter for Pistonphone calibration
41AM/41CN
The RA0009 is an adapter
The AM0052 is a wind- for calibrating the Out-
screen, complete with door Microphone System
anti-bird spikes, for Type 41AM. It fits over
mounting on the the rain protection cap of
Outdoor Microphone the Type 41AM and per-
Systems Types 41AM mits in-situ calibration
and 41CN. using a Pistonphone such
as the Type 42AA or a
Calibrator such as the Type 42AB
RA0010
Adapter for Pistonphone calibration
AM0089
High wind speed screen for Types 41AM/41CN The RA0010 is an adapter
for calibrating the
Spherical windscreen for Environmental Micro-
Outdoor Microphone phone Type 41AL. It fits
Systems Types 41AM over the rain protection
and 41CN . Fits directly cap of the Type 41AL and
over the existing wind- permits in-situ calibration
screen, accommodating using a Pistonphone such
the anti-bird spikes. as the Type 42AA or a
Open-cell foam structure Calibrator such as the Type 42AB.
20ppi, 150 mm diameter.
RA0041
AM0145 Adapter for Pistonphone calibration
Complete windscreen/birdspike for Types 41AL
The RA0041 is an adapter
The AM0145 is a wind- for calibrating the
screen, complete with Outdoor Microphone
anti-bird spikes, for System Type 41CN. It fits
mounting on the over the rain protection
Environmental cap of the Type 41CN
Microphone Type 41AL. and permits in-situ cali-
bration using a
Pistonphone such as the
Type 42AA or a Calibrator such as the Type 42AB.
RA0087
Special key
ACCESSORIES 80
ACCESSORIES FOR ARTIFICIAL EARS & MOUTHS
RA0052 RA0088
Test Jig In Ear Adapter
RA0110
Conical mouth piece
RA0115
Moulding adapter for ITE hearing aids
81 ACCESSORIES
ACCESSORIES FOR ARTIFICIAL EARS & MOUTHS
RA0141 KB0111
Reference gauge Ear-mould simulator
KB0060/KB0061
GR0958 GR0924
KB0110
Ear-mould simulator
KB0065/KB0066
Ear-mould simulator for
connecting a GR0917 Ear No. Description
(coupler holder) to a BTE KB0060 Small Right Ear Shore 00-55
hearing aid via 2 mm KB0061 Small Left Ear Shore 00-55
KB0065 Large Right Ear Shore 00-55
plastic tubing.
KB0066 Large Left Ear Shore 00-55
KB0090 Large Right Ear (VA-style) Shore 00-55
KB0091 Large Left Ear (VA-style) Shore 00-55
KB1060 Small Right Ear Shore 00-35
KB1061 Small Left Ear Shore 00-35
KB1065 Large Right Ear Shore 00-35
KB1066 Large Left Ear Shore 00-35
KB1090 Large Right Ear (VA-style) Shore 00-35
KB1091 Large Left Ear (VA-style) Shore 00-35
ACCESSORIES 82
ACCESSORIES FOR PISTONPHONES
RA0023 RA0046
Coupler for 1” microphones Coupler for Hydrophone Calibration
Coupler for 1” micro- Coupler (to be used with Adapter RA0055) for cali-
phones. For use with brating Hydrophone Type 10CC (Reson TC4032) with
G.R.A.S. pistonphones. a G.R.A.S. Pistonphone. Use with the adapter
GR0398 included with Pistonphone Type 42AC
instead of RA0055.
RA0048
Coupler for 1/2” microphones
Two-port high-pressure
coupler for 1/2” micro-
phones. Used in compari-
son calibrations between
two 1/2” microphones; RA0060
one of which is a refer- Coupler for 1/2” nosecone
ence microphone. It can
also be used in measuring For use when calibrating
the P-I (Pressure-Intensity) a microphone fitted with
Index of intensity probes at 250Hz. For use with a 1/2” nosecone RA0020
Pistonphone Type 42AC. using a G.R.A.S. piston-
phone like 42AA.
RA0043
Coupler for Hydrophone Calibration
83 ACCESSORIES
ACCESSORIES FOR PISTONPHONES
RA0069 RA0090
1/2” adapter for 1/8” microphones 94 dB Pistonphone Coupler
ACCESSORIES 84
CABLES
Extension cables for outdoor microphones Extension cables for Array Microphones
SMB female to BNC
The extension cables for the Outdoor Microphone
Systems Types 41AM and 41CN (and the earlier Type AA0027: 3 m
41CM) are high-quality PUR cables with a doubled- AA0028: 10 m
screened signal wire, terminated by 6-pin LEMO 2S AA0029: 30 m
connectors. Extension cables for Environmental
Microphone Types 41AL and 41AO is regular micro-
phone extension cables like AA0008 etc. (see below AA0027
for more information).
AA0003: 3m
AA0002: 10 m Extension cables
AA0001: 20 m BNC to BNC 50Ω
AA0017: 30 m
AA0004: 50 m AA0034: 2 m
AA0015: 100 m on cable drum AA0035: 3 m
AA0016: 200 m on cable drum AA0036: 5 m
AA0037: 10 m
AA0038: 30 m
Extension cables for Preamplifier Type 26AA AA0039-XX: XX m
AA0037
(XX = custom length in
AA0006: 2 m cable 4-pin LEMO 0B to 4-pin LEMO metres).
0B (for moving preamplifier array from probe-handle
Type 50AI)
AA0007: 2 m cable 4-pin LEMO 0B to 7-pin LEMO Extension cables
1B (for connecting preamplifier directly to a power SMB to SMB female
module with 7-pin LEMO input).
Extension cables for array microphones with SMB con-
nectors such as 40PR, 40PQ, 40PE and 40PT.
Extension cables for Preamplifier with
7-pin LEMO to 7 pin-LEMO 1B series AA0043: 3 m
AA0044: 10 m
Extension cables for pre- AA0045: 30 m
amplifiers with 7 pin
LEMO connectors.
These high-quality cables AA0043
are made with an outer
sleeve of Polyurethane
AA0008
for maximum wear resist-
ance and Teflon-coated inner sleeves for maximum Extension cables for Low-noise Measuring Systems
insulation and temperature stability. Type 40HF/40HH
85 ACCESSORIES
CABLES
AA0018
Microdot to BNC cable
AA0026 AC0005
Cigarette lighter adapter cable Adapter cable for Type
50AI-B for use with
Cigarette lighter adapter for Power Modules Type Müller BBM and OROS
12AA/12AK. analysers.
AA0042
Flat cable for windows AC0006
Adapter for Type 50AI-HP
1/2 m flat preamplifier cable for use in architectural for use with HP analyzer.
acoustics for making a connection through closed
doors and windows.
AA0049
Microdot to SMB extension cable AC0007
Adapter cable for Type 50AI-LD for use with L&D
10 m extension cable; Microdot (UNF 10-32) to analyser 3000.
SMB female.
AC0008
Adapter cable for Type 50AI-B for use with 01dB
Harmonie.
AC0010
Adapter cable 18-pin LEMO to 2 x 7-pin LEMO.
ACCESSORIES 86
CABLES
Cable accessories
EW0061
AE0001 2 mm diameter high quality coax cable (1 m).
6-pin LEMO FFA.2S.306 male plug as supplied with
Types 41AM/41CN.
EW0062
7 mm diameter combined coaxial and 8-core
AE0003 screened/shielded cable, PUR jacket (1 m).
7-pin LEMO FGG.1B.307 male plug for preamplifier
extension cables.
PA0017
Cable drum
AE0037
LEMO ERG.2B.306.CLL panel socket for Types The PA0017 is a cable
41AM/41CN. drum for approximately
100 m microphone cable.
AE1002
7-pin LEMO 1B series female connector for panel
mounting.
AE1003
7-pin LEMO 1B series female connector for cable PA0018
mounting. Cable drum
87 ACCESSORIES
MISCELLANEOUS ACCESSORIES
Power Supplies
AB0001
SMPS regulated 220 V AC to 5 – 24 V DC 10W.
GR0625
End piece AB0002
Regulated 220 V AC to
For Array Module Type 15 V DC 7.5W.
PR0001/PR001-1.
AB0003
GR0630 Regulated 110 V AC to
Connecting piece 15 V DC 7.5W.
AB0004
Regulated 220 V AC to 5 V DC 5W.
GR0707 AB0005
Spacer for Array SMPS regulated 110 - 220 V AC to 6 V DC 10W.
AB0011
SMPS regulated 110 - 220 V AC to 12 V DC 10W.
RA0107
A set of 6 (50 mm) spacers for Array Modules
PR0001 and PR0001-1.
ACCESSORIES 88
Survey
Measurement Chains
89
CalibrationChart
Calibration Setups
91
Standardised
Measurements on
Earphones, Hearing Aids
and Telephones
Ear/Mouth Setups
93
MICROPHONE SELECTION
95
INDEX
96
INDEX
EW0009: 87 RA0022: 73 S
EW0011: 87 RA0023: 48, 49, 83 SK0017: 77
EW0035: 87 RA0024: 48, 49, 83 SK0057: 77
EW0061: 87 RA0025: 48, 49
EW0062: 87 RA0037: 78 T
RA0038: 54, 56, 57, 81 TC4013: 83
G RA0039: 11, 54, 55, 57, 61 TC4032: 83
GA0006: 76 RA0041: 33, 80 TC4033: 84
GR0010: 25, 39, 72 RA0042: 48, 83
GR0045: 88 RA0043: 83
GR0332: 55 RA0045: 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 61, 74, 75, 84
GR0336: 55, 81 RA0045-S1: 57
GR0398: 48, 83 RA0046: 83
GR0597: 75 RA0048: 83
GR0625: 88 RA0049: 48, 49, 83
GR0630: 88 RA0052: 54, 55, 56, 81
GR0707: 88 RA0055: 83
GR0917: 82 RA0056: 55, 57, 58
GR0924: 82 RA0057: 55, 57, 58
GR0958: 82 RA0058: 81
GU0133: 60 RA0060: 83
GU0138: 60 RA0062: 78
RA0063: 73, 74
H RA0067: 73, 74
HP 35670A Opt UK4: 43 RA0068: 74
HP 3569A: 43 RA0069: 48, 49, 84
RA0070: 81
K RA0071: 74
KB0060: 82 RA0072: 48, 49
KB0061: 82 RA0073: 56, 74
KB0065: 82 RA0075: 11, 55, 56, 74, 81
KB0066: 82 RA0076: 55
KB0090: 82 RA0077: 74
KB0091: 82 RA0078: 84
KB0110: 82 RA0080: 78
KB0111: 82 RA0081: 74
KB1060: 82 RA0082: 74
KB1061: 82 RA0083: 78
KB1065: 82 RA0084: 74
KB1066: 82 RA0085: 81
KB1090: 82 RA0086: 74
KB1091: 82 RA0087: 80
RA0088: 81
L RA0089: 75
LD2900: 43 RA0090: 37, 48, 49, 84
LD3000: 43 RA0091: 75
RA0092: 75
P RA0093: 75
PA0017: 87 RA0094: 75
PA0018: 87 RA0095: 75
PR0001: 16, 19, 27, 75, 87, 88 RA0096: 75
PR0001-1: 16, 19, 88 RA0107: 88
PR0002: 16, 19, 27, 75 RA0110: 81
PR001-1: 88 RA0113: 11, 56, 57, 74, 81
RA0114: 81
R RA0115: 81
RA0001: 55, 72 RA0116: 81
RA0003: 72 RA0117: 75
RA0006: 72 RA0118: 76
RA0007: 72 RA0119: 84
RA0009: 33, 80 RA0122: 76
RA0010: 34, 80 RA0125: 78
G.R.A.S. Sound & Vibration A/S RA0011: 78, 79 RA0127: 76
Skovlytoften 33 · 2840 Holte · Denmark RA0016: 72, 73 RA0131: 76
Tel.: +45 4566 4046 · Fax: +45 4566 4047 RA0017: 72 RA0132: 76
RA0018: 72, 73 RA0137: 57
E-mail: gras@gras.dk · www.gras.dk
RA0019: 73 RA0140: 78
RA0020: 73, 83 RA0141: 60, 82
G.R.A.S. Sound & Vibration RA0020-A: 73 RA0143: 82
23621 Lorain Road
North Olmsted, OH 44070, USA
Tel.: 440-779-0100 · Fax: 440-779-4148
E-mail: sales@gras.us · www.gras.us 97
PRODUCT CATALOGUE