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GENDER AND CONFLICT ANALYSIS IN ISIS AFFECTED COMMUNITIES OF IRAQ
Luisa Dietrich,
Gender & Conflict Analyst
Simone E. Carter,
Research & Assessment Coordinator
MAY 2017
Credit: Sam Tarling/Oxfam*
 
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* Photo credit: Sam Tarling/OxfamEmam Mahdi Saleh, 36, with her husband and youngest daughter, in her beauty salon in Jalawla, Iraq. Emam, a mother of five, was given a loan of $2000 by Oxfam to repair her salon after it was damaged during the ISIS occupation of Jalawla. The town was controlled by ISIS between August and November 2014. Oxfam has been helping business owners get back on their feet through small loans and paying people to undertake works to improve the town.
ABOUT OXFAM IN IRAQ
Oxfam is currently responding to the needs of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and Returnees and host communities within the Disputed Internal Boundaries (DIB) and increasingly in areas affected by the recent conflict with the so-called ISIS in Iraq. As the frontline of the conflict recedes, Oxfam is expanding its operations to include new areas where IDPs are present or families have begun returning to their communities to rebuild their homes, restart livelihoods and recover from the trauma of conflict. Oxfam currently has four offices, in Erbil, Kalar, Kirkuk and Baghdad, which support programmes across the governorates of Diyala, Kirkuk, Nineveh and Salah Al Din, with plans for programming in Anbar and Baghdad in 2017.
DISCLAIMER
The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Oxfam or any other organisation or person associated with Oxfam in the Iraq Country Office.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It is with our greatest appreciation that we want to thank our national partner, the Afkar Society, and Oxfam’s Protection staff for their engagement in this research. Thank you for your long days, your critical contributions and your feedback. We look forward to continuing working with such a great team. With thanks also to: Akeel Adnan, Shahad Younis, Ahmed Ismael, Anmar Khalid, Marwa Farouq, Imad Ali, Mustafa Mohammed, Ahmed Mohammed, Rafal Sameer, Duaa Turkan, Elaf Zuhair, Lawn Salah, Noor Tahir, Aatef Youssef, Aram Salif and Noor Ismail. Moreover, interviews with local experts, practitioners and activists provided additional insights for this report. We thank Hanaa Edward and Jamal Al Jawahiri (Iraqi Al Amal Association), Suzan Aref (Women Empowerment Organization), RNVDO, Suha Ouda (journalist and activist), and the Women of Mosul group. Oxfam in Iraq would like to acknowledge the contributions of the Oxfam Gender Team, Bahar Kareem (Gender Officer), Pakhshan Kakawais (Gender Coordinator Iraq), Awatef Rasheed (Project Manager,Iraq), Nesrine Jelalia (Regional Gender Adviser), Tess Dico-Young (Gender Adviser, GHT) and Justina Demetriades (Gender, Conflict & Fragility Advisor). Additional support was provided by Haissam Minkara (Deputy Country Director, Oxfam Iraq), Saba Azeem (Business Development and Fundraising Coordinator), Anna Chernova (Conflict Sensitivity Advisor) and Yoris Kartakusumah (Data Analyst).
This research and report were made possible thanks to the support of UN Women in Iraq and the financial contribution of the Japanese Cooperation.
 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................51. INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................7
1.1 Brief contextualisation ........................................................................................................71.2 Geographic scope of this research .....................................................................................9
2. METHODOLOGY AND FIELDWORK .............................................................10
2.1 Gender analysis of conflict toolkit (Saferworld) ..............................................................102.2 Development of data collection tools ..............................................................................122.3 Data collection and analysis .............................................................................................13
3. IMPACT OF ISIS OCCUPATION ON GENDER NORMS .......................................14
3.1 Impacts of ISIS occupation on communities and households .........................................143.2 Shifts in gender norms during ISIS ....................................................................................183.3 Reconfiguration of gender relations in contexts of displacement ................................24
4. GENDER NORMS THAT FUEL AND MITIGATE TENSIONS ................................27
4.1 Gender norms that fuel tensions, exacerbate insecurity and enhance vulnerability ...274.2 Gender norms that mitigate tensions ...............................................................................30
5. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HUMANITARIAN AND RECOVERY PROGRAMMING ...316. CONCLUSION ..........................................................................................34
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................36Appendix 1: Women’s rights and gender analysis in Iraq .........................................................37Apendix 2: Brief demographic information of study participants ...........................................40

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