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h = 73.61 m
A = 14,586.21 u2
b = 195 a = 157
c = 210
r = 0.686 m
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
V. INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC
IV. TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES: IDENTITIES:
15 Solve for x in the equation: arctan (x
14
+ 1) + arctan (x 1) = arctan (12).
Simplify cos (30o A) cos (30o
+ A) as a function of A only.
Let, A = arctan (x + 1); tan A = x + 1
B = arctan (x 1); tan B = x 1
cos (30o A) cos (30o + A) C = arctan 12 ; tan C = 12
A+B=C
= (cos 30o cos A + sin 30o sin A) tan (A + B) = tan C
2x
= 12
1 (x 1)
2
(cos 30o cos A sin 30o sin A) tan A + tan B
= tan C 6x2 + x 12 = 0
= 2sin 30o sin A 1 tan A tan B
(x + 1) + (x 1) x = 1.333
= 12
= sin A 1 (x + 1)(x 1) x = -1.5
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
2
The point (x, 1) is 2 5 units from (2,
I. DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS 3), find x.
1
Find the distance between A(4, d = (x2 x1)2 + (y2 y1)2
-3) and B(-2, 5).
2 5 = (x2)2 + (13)2
X
d = (x2 x1 + (y2 y1
)2 )2 B(-2, 5) 20 = (x2 4x + 4) + 4 X
d= (4+2)2 + (35)2
d=?
x2 4x 12 = 0 A(2, 3)
d=2 5 d=2 5
Y
(x + 2)(x 6) = 0
d = 10 u A(4, -3) B(x,1) B(x,1) Y
x = -2 and 6
A(-1, 4)
3r x 2 r2 = y2 y1
r2 x x 1 r2 y y1 r =r
x = -1 r1 y y 1 A(2, -5)
=
1
r1 x2 x 1 = X
r1 y2 y1 B(2, -2)
5r 5 + 5 Thus,
4r x + 1 4r y 4 r = 4r =
=
2
3r y + 5 P(-1, 1)
r 2+1 =
r 2 4 Thus, P(x, y) y=1
x = 11 y = -20
P(11, -20)
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
IV. AREAS OF POLYGONS BY
III. MIDPOINT OF A LINE COORDINATES
6 Given 3 vertices of a triangle whose
5
The line segment connecting (x, coordinates are A(1, 1), B(3, -3) and
6) and (9, y) is bisected by the C(5, -3). Find the area of the triangle.
Y
point (7, 3). Find the value of x
Y 1 x1 x2 x3 x1
and y. A(x, 6)
A=
2 y1 y2 y3 y1 A(1, 1)
1 1 3 5 1 X
P(7, 3) A=
x2 + x1 y2 + y1 2 1 3 3 1
x m= ym= X B(3, -3)
2 2 B(9, y)
1
C(5, -3)
9+x 3=y+6
A= (1)(3)+(3)(3)+(5)(1)
2
7= 2
2 A = 4 u2
x=5 y=0
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
V. STRAIGHT LINE
IV. AREAS OF POLYGONS BY 8 A line passes through (1, -3) and
COORDINATES (-4, 2). What is the equation of
7
In a Cartesian coordinates, the the line?
Y
coordinates of a quadrilateral
are (1, 1), (0, 8), (4, 5) and (-3, x x1 x2 x1
Y = B(-4, 2)
4). What is the area? y y1 y2 y1 P(x, y)
X
C(0, 8)
D(-3, 4) B(4, 5) x 1 4 1 A(1, -3)
1 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 =
A=
2 y1 y2 y3 y4 y1 A(1, 1) X
y+3 2+3
A=
1 1 4 0 3 1 5(x 1) = -5(y + 3)
2 1 5 8 4 1
1
A = 25 u2 5x + 5y + 10 = 0
A= (1)(5)+(4)(8)+(0)(4))+(3)(1) y=x2
2 x+y+2 =0
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
10 What is the equation of the line
V. STRAIGHT LINE that passes through (4, 0) and is
9 parallel to the line x y 2 = 0?
What is the x-intercept of the
Y
line passing through (1, 4) and
xy2 =0
(4, 1)? Y xy2=0 L
y=x2 1
A(1, 4)
x x1 x2 x 1 y = mx + b; m = 1 P(4, 0)
X
=
y y1 y2 y 1
B(4, 1)
X x y C = 0; @ P(4,0) L x y C = 0
2
a
a1 41 P(a, 0)
40C =0
=
04 14 C =4
a=5 xy4 =0
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
a 2 + b2 = 5 2
V. STRAIGHT LINE a2 + b2 = 5
11 4b2
A line passes through point (2, 2). + b2 = 5
b 4b + 4
2
x + 3y + 4 = 0 L2 (x2 6x + 9) + r=4
X
3x + y 4 = 0
1 4 1 (y2 + 10y + 25) = 16 C(3, -5)
y = x ; m2 =
3 3 3 x2 + y2 6x + 10y + 18 = 0
m2 m1 (1/3) (2)
tan = = =1
1 + m1m2 1 +(2)(1/3)
= 45o
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
17 Find the value of k for which the
IX. CIRCLE equation x2 + y2 + 4x 2y k = 0
16 What is the center of the represents a point circle.
curve x2 + y2 2x 4y 31
= 0? Y
x2 + + 4x 2y k = 0
y2
Y
(x2 + 4x + 4) +
x2 + y2 2x 4y 31 = 0 r r=0
(y2 2y + 1) = k + 4 + 1 C(h, k)
C(h, k) X
(x2 2x + 1) + X
(x + 2)2 + (y 1)2 = k + 5
(y2 4y + 4) = 31 + 1 + 4
r2 = k + 5; r = 0 x2 + y2 + 4x 2y k = 0
(x 1)2 + (y 2)2 = 36 x2 + y2 2x 4y 31 = 0
k = -5
(x 1)2 + (y 2)2 = 62
(x h)2 + (y k)2 = r2
C(1, 2)
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
19 Find the equation of the parabola
X. PARABOLA with vertex at (5, -2) and focus at
18 Find the equation of the (5, -4).
axis of symmetry of the Y
function y = 2x2 7x + 5. Y
V(5, -2); h = 5 & k = -2
y = 2x2 7x + 5
F(5, -4); x = 5 & y = -4
y = 2x2 7x + 5 V(h, k) X
7 X
a = y k = (-4) (-2) = -2 a
2 x2 x = y 5
2 V(h, k)
2
x h = 4a y k F(x, y)
7 49 49
2 x x+
2 =y5+ 2
x 5 = 4 2 y + 2
2 16 8 x=h
2
7 9 7 x2 10x + 25 = -8y 16
2 x =y+ x=
4 8 4 x2 10x + 8y + 41 = 0
2
7 1 9 4x 7 = 0
x = y+
4 2 8
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
X. PARABOLA x2 = -4ay; @ P(32, -8)
20 An arch 18 m high has the form 322 = -4a(-8)
of parabola with a vertical axis. a = 32
The length of a horizontal beam x2 = -4ay; @ P(x, -18)
placed across the arch 8 m
x2 = -4(32)(-18)
from the top is 64 m. Find the x = 48 m
width of the arch at the bottom.
V(0, 0)
2x = 96 m
8 32
32 (32, -8)
(-32, -8)
(0, -8)
10
(-x, -18) (x, -18)
2x = ?
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
22 A parabola has its focus at
X. PARABOLA (7,-4) and directrix y = 2. Find
21 Find the location of the focus of its equation.
Y
the parabola y2 + 4x 4y 8 = 0. y=2
Y
a=3 X
y2 + 4x 4y 8 = 0 2a = 6
V(7,-1)
F(x,y) V(3,2)
y 4y = -4x + 8
2
a
X F(7,-4)
y2 4y + 4 = -4x + 8 + 4 (x h)2 = -4a(y k)
(y 2)2 = -4x + 12 y2 + 4x 4y 8 = 0 (x 7)2 = -12(y + 1)
(y 2)2 = -4(x 3) h = 3; k = 2 x2 14x + 49 = -12y 12
-4a = -4; a = 1 x2 14x + 12y + 61 = 0
x = h a = 3 (1) = 2 ; y = k = 2
F(x, y) F(2, 2)
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
24 An ellipse with an eccentricity
XI. ELLIPSE of 0.65 and has one of its foci
23 The lengths of the major and 2 units from the center. Find
minor axes of an ellipse are 10 the length of the latus rectum.
Y
m and 8 m, respectively. Find e = 0.65
a a
the distance between theY foci. b a
2b X
b F1(-c,0) F2(c,0)
a a
a a c=2c=2
b b c c 2
2b = 8 X e= a; a=e= = 3.0769 2a
c b F1(-c,0) F2(c,0) 0.65
2a = 10; a = 5 c c b = a2 c2
2a = 10
2b = 8; b = 4 b = (3.0769)2 (2)2 = 2.338
c = a2 b2 = 5 2 42 = 3 2
2b 2(2.338)
2
2c = 6 LR = a = = 3.55 u
3.0769
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
26 Find the length of latus rectum
XI. ELLIPSE x2 y2
25 Find the major axis of the ellipse for the ellipse + = 1.
64 16
x2 + 4y2 2x 8y + 1 = 0.
x2 y2
x2 + 4y 2x 8y + 1 = 0 From, + =1
a2 b2
General Equation: a2 = 64 ; a = 8
Ax2 + Cy2 Dx + Ey + F = 0 b2 = 16 ; b = 4
Then,
Thus,
a= C= 4=2 2 2
Thus, 2b 2(4)
LR = a = = 4 units
Major Axis = 2a = 2(2) 8
= 4 units
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
XI. ELLIPSE 2a = 186,000,000 ;
a = 93,000,000 mi
27 The major axis of the elliptical Then,
path in which the earth moves
1
around the sun is approximately c = ae = 93,000,000
60
186,000,000 miles and the c = 1,550,000 mi
eccentricity of the ellipse is 1/60. Thus,
Determine the apogee of the Apogee = a + c = 94,550,000 mi
a a
earth. e=
1
60
c c
Perigee
Apogee = a + c a-c
4.
x2 2y2 + 4x + 4y + 4 = 0 C(-2,1) c a c = 1.73
9x2 4y2 36x + 8y = 4 b
Ax2 Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 c = 1.73
Ax2 Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 D 4 X-axis
a= C= 4=2 h= = = -2
2A 2(1) F1(-2,-0.73)
b= A= 9=3 E 4
k= = =1 c 3
2C 2(2) e = = = 1.73
c = a2 +b2 = 22 +32 = 13 b= C= 2
a 1
D1 = a + c = 1 + 1.73 = 2.73
c 13
e= = = 1.80 a = A = 1 = 1 D2 = a c = 1 1.73 = -0.73
a 2
c = 1+2 = 3
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
31 What is the equation of the
XII. HYPERBOLA asymptote of the hyperbola
Find the semi-transverse axis of
30 x2 y2 b
y=ax
x2 y2 = 1?
9 4
the hyperbola = 1.
9 4 c
c b
c 2 2 b a
b x y
c b =1 a
a 9 4
a
x2 y2 x2 y2 Assymptote
=1 =1
9 4 Semi-transverse axis
a2 b2 The Assymptote equation,
x2 y2 a2 = 9 ; a = 3 y = b x = 2 x
=1 b2 = 4 ; b = 2 a 3
a 2 2
b 3y = 2x
a2 = 9; a = 3 2x 3y = 0
Semi-transverse axis = a = 3
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
33 Find the polar coordinates for
XIII. POLAR COORDINATES SYSTEM the point whose rectangular
3 coordinate of (-6,-8). Y
32 Transform r =
3 + 2cos
into
x O
Cartesian coordinates. 3 Pole
X
r= y
3 + 2cos Point (-6,-8), r
3r + 2r cos = 3
r = x2 +y2 ; x = r cos r = 6 2 + 8 2 (r,)
r = 36 + 64 = 100 = 10
3 x2 +y2 + 2x = 3 8
= tan -1 = 53.13o
6
3 x2 +y2 = 2x + 3 = 180o + 53.13o = 223.13o
(r, ) (10,223.13o)
9(x2 + y2) = 9 12x + 4x2
5x2 + 9y2 +12x 9 = 0
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
Let, u = (4 + x2), n = -3/2
I. DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE INTEGRAL du = 2x dx
1 n+1
x dx un du =
u
Evaluate . n+1
+C
3/2
4+x2
a. -(4+x2)-1/2 + C b. -(12+x2)1/2 + C x dx 1 3/2
= 4+x2 2x dx
c. (4+x2)1/2 + C d. (4+x2)3/2 + C 3/2 2
4+x2
1/2
1 4+x2
= +C
2 1/2
x dx 3/2
= 4+x2 x dx = (4+x2)1/2 + C
3/2
4+x2
Let, u = x, du = dx
1 x2 x2
dv = (x 5) , v = (x 5)13 dx
12 x1 u dv = v du x1 v du
13
6 6
1 1 x(x 5)13 x5 14
x x5 12 dx = x (x 5)13 x5 13 dx = = 0.456
13 13 13 13 14
5 5
5
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
II. WALLIS FORMULA 2 2
/2 (m 1)(m 3)...or (n 1)(n 3)...or
6 Evaluate /6 cos8 3A dA. sinm u cosn u du = 1 1 ()
2
0 0 (m + n)(m + n 2)...or
35 125 1
a. b.
768 768 Where: = /2, if m and n are both even
45 5 = 1, otherwise
c. d.
786 768
du
Let, u = 3A, du = 3dA, dA =
3
When: A = 0; u = 0
A= ; u=
6 2
/6 /2 du 1 (7)(5)(3)(1) 35
cos8 3A dA =1 8
cos u = =
3 (8)(6) 4)(2) 2 768
0 0 3
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
II. WALLIS FORMULA /2 (m 1)(m 3)...
2
or (n 1)(n 3)...
2
or
7 sinm u cosn u du = 1 1 ()
/2 2
Evaluate 0 12sin5 x cos5 x dx.
0 (m + n)(m + n 2)...or
1
a. 0.20 b. 0.25 Where: = /2, if m and n are both even
c. 0.50 d. 0.35 = 1, otherwise
/2 /2
5
12sin x cos5 x dx 5
=12 sin x cos5 x dx
0 0
(4)(2)(4)(2)
=12 (1)
(10)(8)(6) 4)(2)
= 0.20
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
III. DEFINITE DOUBLE INTEGRAL
8 Evaluate 1 r sin u du dr.
0 0
a. 1 b. 0
1 1
c. d.
2 3
1
1 r 2
1
r sin u du dr = cos u r dr = 2 r 2 =1
0 0 0 2 0
0
2 1 /2 2 1 2 1
/2 2
z r2 sin u du dr dz = cos u r dr z dz =2 r2 dr z dz
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2
r3 1 2 2 z2 2 4
=2 z dz = z dz = =
3 0 3 3 2 0 3
0 0
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
Y (4, 2)
y2 = x dx
4
V. PLANE AREAS
10 What is the area bounded by the A=2 y dx (0, 0)
2y X
curve y2 = x and the line x = 4? 0 x=4
32 64 34 16 4 (4, -2)
a. b. c. d.
3 3 7 3 2 3/2 4 32 2
Y (4, 2) A=2 x dx =2 x = u
2 y2 = x 3 0 3
dy 0
A= (4 x) dy 4- x Y (4, 2)
X
(0, 0) y2 = x
2 x=4
4
2 (4, -2) (0, 0)
4 X
y3 2 x=4
A= (4 y2)dy= 4y 2 2 32 2
3 2 A = bh = (4)(4) = u (4, -2)
2 3 3 3
(2)3 (2)3 32 2
A = 4(2) - 4(2) = u
3 3 3 Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
1 (10)2
V. PLANE AREAS A= + 10(10) = 75 u2
2 2
11 Find the area bounded by the
line x 2y + 10 = 0, the x-axis,
the y-axis and x = 10.
a. 75 b. 18 c. 45 d. 36
Y h2 = 10
x 2y + 10 = 0 (0, 5) (10, 10) h1 = 5
10 y
(10, 0) 1 b = 10
x + 10 (0, 0) dx
X A = b(h1+h2)
A= y dx y= x = 10
2
2 1
0 A = (10)(5+10) = 75 u2
10 2
x + 10 1 x2 10
A= dx = + 10x
2 2 2 0
0
Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME
The point of intersection,
ycurve 1 = ycurve 2 8 x2 x2
V. PLANE AREAS 2
=
2
12 Find the area bounded by the x2 = 4; x1 = -2 & x2 = 2
parabolas x2 2y = 0 and x2 + 2y 2 2
8 = 0. x3 2
A= y dx = 4 x2 dx = 4x
32 16 20 64 3 2
a. b. c. d. 2 2
3 3 3 3 (2)3 (2)3 32 2
Y x2 + 2y -8 = 0 A = 4(2) - 4(2) = u
V(0, 4) dx
3 3 3
x2 1 y3 4 1 43 16
A= dx = = = u2
4 4 3 0 4 3 3
0 Prepared by: ENGR. HAROLD B. BORJA, PME