Setting Up RAID 10 or 1+0 (Nested) in Linux - Part 6

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by Babin Lonston | Published: November 19, 2014

| Last Updated: January 2, 2015
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RAID 10 is a combine of
RAID 0 and RAID 1 to form a Vi/Vim Editor BEGINNER'S GUIDE
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we need at least 4 number
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of disks. In our earlier
articles, weve seen how to
setup a RAID 0 and RAID 1
with minimum 2 number of
disks.
Here we will use both RAID

0 and RAID 1 to perform a
Raid 10 setup with minimum
of 4 drives. Assume, that
weve some data saved to
logical volume, which is Linux Foundation Certi6cation
created with RAID 10. Just Exam Study Guide to LFCS and LFCE
for an example, if we are

saving a data apple this
will be saved under all 4 disk
by this following method.

Create Raid 10 in Linux
Using RAID 0 it will save as

A in rst disk and p in the
second disk, then again p
in rst disk and l in second
disk. Then e in rst disk,
like this it will continue the
Round robin process to save
the data. From this we come
to know that RAID 0 will
write the half of the data to
rst disk and other half of
the data to second disk.
In RAID 1 method, same

data will be written to other
2 disks as follows. A will
write to both rst and

second disks, P will write
to both disk, Again other P
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will write to both the disks.
Server Using NRPE Plugin
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write to both the disks. This Nagios 4.2.0 Released Install on RHEL/CentOS
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Preparation Guide
Now you all came to know

that how RAID 10 works by
combining of both RAID 0
and RAID 1. If we have 4
number of 20 GB size disks,
it will be 80 GB in total, but
we will get only 40 GB of
Storage capacity, the half of
total capacity will be lost for
building RAID 10.
Pros and Cons of

RAID 5
Gives better
performance.
We will loose two of the
disk capacity in RAID
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Requirements
In RAID
Linux 10, we need
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minimum of 4 disks, the rst DOWNLOAD FREE LINUX EBOOKS
2 disks for RAID 0 and other Complete Linux Command Line Cheat Sheet
2 Disks for RAID 1. Like I The GNU/Linux Advanced Administration Guide
said before, RAID 10 is just Securing & Optimizing Linux Servers
a Combine of RAID 0 & 1. If Linux Patch Management: Keeping Linux Up To
we need to extended the Date

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RAID group, we must
Understanding the Linux Virtual Memory
increase the disk by Manager
minimum 4 disks. Getting Started with Ubuntu 16.04
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Securing & Optimizing Linux: The Hacking
OperatingSystem: CentOS6.5Final
IPAddress : Solution
192.168.0.229
Hostname : User Mode Linux Understanding and
rd10.tecmintlocal.com
Disk1[20GB] : /dev/sdd
Administration
Disk2[20GB] : /dev/sdc
Disk3[20GB] : /dev/sdd
Disk4[20GB] : /dev/sde

Never Miss Any Linux Tutorials,

There are two ways to setup Guides, Tips and Free eBooks
RAID 10, but here Im going
Join Our Community Of 150,000+ Linux Lovers
to show you both methods, and get a weekly newsletter in your inbox
but I prefer you to follow the
rst method, which makes YES! SIGN ME UP
the work lot easier for
setting up a RAID 10.
Method 1:
Setting Up Raid
10
1. First, verify that all the 4
added disks are detected or
notFoundations
Linux using the following
LFCS and LFCE Certi cation Preparation Guide ($39) Get This Book
command.
#lsl/dev|grepsd
2. Once the four disks are

detected, its time to check
for the drives whether there
is already any raid existed
before creating a new one.
#mdadmE/dev/sd[be]
#mdadmexamine/dev/sdb/dev/sdc/dev/sdd/dev/sde
Verify 4 Added Disks
Note: In the above output,

you see there isnt any
super-block detected yet,
that means there is no RAID
de ned in all 4 drives.
Step 1: Drive
Partitioning for
RAID

3. Now
Linux create a new
partition on all 4 disks
(/dev/sdb, /dev/sdc,
/dev/sdd and /dev/sde)
using the fdisk tool.
#fdisk/dev/sdb
#fdisk/dev/sdc
#fdisk/dev/sdd
#fdisk/dev/sde
SHARE
Create /dev/sdb
+
Partition
Let me show you how to
partition one of the disk 0
(/dev/sdb) using fdisk, this
steps will be the same for all
the other disks too. 18
#fdisk/dev/sdb

10
Please use the below steps

for creating a new partition
on /dev/sdb drive.
Press n for creating

new partition.
Then choose P for
Primary partition.
Then choose 1 to be
the rst partition.
Next press p to print
the created partition.

Change the Type,

Linux Foundations LFCS If
andweLFCE Certi cation Preparation Guide ($39) Get This Book
need to know the every
available types Press
L.
Here, we are selecting
fd as my type is RAID.
Next press p to print
the de ned partition.
Then again use p to
print the changes what
we have made.
Use w to write the
changes.
Disk sdb Partition
Note: Please use the above

same instructions for
creating partitions on other
disks (sdc, sdd sdd sde).
4. After creating all 4

partitions, again you need to
examine the drives for any
already
Linux existing raid
Foundations LFCS using
and LFCE Certi cation Preparation Guide ($39) Get This Book
the following command.
#mdadmE/dev/sd[be]
#mdadmE/dev/sd[be]1
OR
#mdadmexamine/dev/sdb/dev/sdc/dev/sdd/dev/sde
#mdadmexamine/dev/sdb1/dev/sdc1/dev/sdd1/dev/sde1
Check All Disks for Raid
Note: The above outputs

shows that there isnt any
super-block detected on all
four newly created
partitions, that means we
can move forward to create
RAID 10 on these drives.
Step 2: Creating
md RAID Device
5. Now its time to create a
md (i.e. /dev/md0) device,
using mdadm raid
management tool. Before,
creating device, your system
must have mdadm tool
installed, if not install
Ebook:itIntroducing
rst. the RHCSA and RHCE Exam Preparation Guide
Linux Foundations LFCS and LFCE

#yuminstallmdadm Certi cation Preparation Guide ($39)
[onRedHatsystems] Get This Book
#aptgetinstallmdadm [onDebainsystems]
Once mdadm tool installed,

you can now create a md
raid device using the
following command.
#mdadmcreate/dev/md0level=10raiddevices=4/dev/sd[be]1
6. Next verify the newly

created raid device using
the cat command.
#cat/proc/mdstat
Create md raid Device
7. Next, examine all the 4

drives using the below
command. The output of the
below command will be long
as it displays the
information of all 4 disks.
#mdadmexamine/dev/sd[be]1

8. Next,
Linux check the
Foundations details
LFCS andof
LFCE Certi cation Preparation Guide ($39) Get This Book
Raid Array with the help of
following command.
#mdadmdetail/dev/md0
Check Raid Array Details
Note: You see in the above

results, that the status of
Raid was active and re-
syncing.
Step 3: Creating
Filesystem
9. Create a le system using
ext4 for md0 and mount it
under /mnt/raid10. Here,
Ive used ext4, but you can
use any lesystem type if
you want.
#mkfs.ext4/dev/md0

Create md Filesystem
10. After creating

lesystem, mount the
created le-system under
/mnt/raid10 and list the
contents of the mount point
using ls -l command.
#mkdir/mnt/raid10
#mount/dev/md0/mnt/raid10/
#lsl/mnt/raid10/
Next, add some les under

mount point and append
some text in any one of the
le and check the content.
#touch/mnt/raid10/raid10_files.txt
#lsl/mnt/raid10/
#echo"raid10setupwith4disks">/mnt/raid10/raid10_files.txt
#cat/mnt/raid10/raid10_files.txt

Mount md Device
11. For automounting, open

the /etc/fstab le and
append the below entry in
fstab, may be mount point
will differ according to your
environment. Save and quit
using wq!.
#vim/etc/fstab
/dev/md0/mnt/raid10ext4defaults00
AutoMount md Device
12. Next, verify the

/etc/fstab le for any
errors before restarting the
system using mount -a
command.
#mountav

Check Errors in Fstab
Step 4: Save RAID

Conguration
13. By default RAID dont
have a con g le, so we
need to save it manually
after making all the above
steps, to preserve these
settings during system boot.
#mdadmdetailscanverbose>>/etc/mdadm.conf
Save Raid10 Conguration
Thats it, we have created

RAID 10 using method 1,
this method is the easier
one. Now lets move forward
to setup RAID 10 using
method 2.

Method 2:
Creating RAID 10
1. In method 2, we have to
de ne 2 sets of RAID 1 and
then we need to de ne a
RAID 0 using those created
RAID 1 sets. Here, what we
will do is to rst create 2
mirrors (RAID1) and then
striping over RAID0.
First, list the disks which are

all available for creating
RAID 10.
#lsl/dev|grepsd
List 4 Devices
2. Partition the all 4 disks

using fdisk command. For
partitioning, you can follow
#step 3 above.

Linux Foundations LFCS and LFCE Certi cation Preparation Guide ($39)
#fdisk/dev/sdb Get This Book
#fdisk/dev/sdc
#fdisk/dev/sdd
#fdisk/dev/sde
3. After partitioning all 4

disks, now examine the
disks for any existing raid
blocks.
#mdadmexamine/dev/sd[be]
#mdadmexamine/dev/sd[be]1
Examine 4 Disks
Step 1: Creating
RAID 1
4. First let me create 2 sets
of RAID 1 using 4 disks
sdb1 and sdc1 and other
set using sdd1 & sde1.
#mdadmcreate/dev/md1metadata=1.2level=1raiddevices=2/dev/sd[bc]1
#mdadmcreate/dev/md2metadata=1.2level=1raiddevices=2/dev/sd[de]1
#cat/proc/mdstat

Creating Raid 1
Check Details of Raid 1
Step 2: Creating
RAID 0
5. Next, create the RAID 0
using md1 and md2
devices.
#mdadmcreate/dev/md0level=0raiddevices=2/dev/md1/dev/md2
#cat/proc/mdstat
Creating Raid 0

Step 3: Save RAID

Conguration
6. We need to save the
Con guration under
/etc/mdadm.conf to load
all raid devices in every
reboot times.
#mdadmdetailscanverbose>>/etc/mdadm.conf
After this, we need to follow

#step 3 Creating le system
of method 1.
Thats it! we have created

RAID 1+0 using method 2.
We will loose two disks
space here, but the
performance will be
excellent compared to any
other raid setups.
Conclusion
Here we have created RAID
10 using two methods. RAID
10 has good performance
and redundancy too. Hope
this helps you to understand
about RAID 10 Nested Raid
level. Let us see how to
grow an existing raid array

andFoundations
Linux much more in my and LFCE Certi cation Preparation Guide ($39)
LFCS Get This Book
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Tags:
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Babin Lonston View all Posts

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12 RESPONSES
Comments 12 Pingbacks 0
Tobias April 9, 2017 at 7:47 pm

Hi Babin.
Excellent article.
In a subtitle you said: Pros and Cons of

RAID 5
Is it not Pros and Cons of RAID 10?
Reply
Anonymous June 16, 2016 at 6:51 am

Error under my server setup:
Operating System : CentOS 6.5 Final

IP Address : 192.168.0.229
Hostname : rd10.tecmintlocal.com
Disk 1 [20GB] : /dev/sdd
Disk 2 [20GB] : /dev/sdc
Disk 4 [20GB] : /dev/sde
Disk 1 should be /dev/sdb, I would

think.
Reply
Leedor June 14, 2016 at 9:19 pm

Hi, Ebook: Introducing the RHCSA and RHCE Exam Preparation Guide
Thanks for putting together..

I think you have a bug in one of your
screenshots?
Graphic just under My Server Setup
======================================
Operating System : CentOS 6.5 Final
IP Address : 192.168.0.229
Hostname : rd10.tecmintlocal.com
Disk 2 [20GB] : /dev/sdc
Disk 4 [20GB] : /dev/sde
======================================
Shouldnt it be:
Disk 1 [20GB] : /dev/sdb
Reply
Babin Lonston
June 23, 2016 at 11:37 pm
Leedor & Anonymous,
Sharp nding :), Thanks for

reporting.
Reply
Jonathan March 28, 2016 at 11:24 pm

I would like to know if we need to do
something to shutdown the server
gracefully?
Or we can juste do shutdown/reboot.
Tks
Great post tks, will come back againt
Reply
Babin Lonston
April 2, 2016 at 1:50 pm
@Jonathan,
We can shutdown/reboot no
issue.
Reply
Rajapandi January 28, 2016 at 7:44 pm

Hi Babin,
Your work is awesome, its very useful
for me.
I have successfully congured Raid 10
but i dont how its work in real time.
My point is real time example for Raid

10 can you help me?
Reply
Radek October 25, 2015 at 3:52 pm

Hello,
is it possible to create RAID10 array on
Debian based system durring
installation by method 2?
I have created two RAID1 arrays but at
that point I dont know how to get them
to RAID0.
Thanks.
Reply
Babin Lonston
November 18, 2015 at 12:38 pm
Will update on this request soon
once implement and tested in
our test environment.
Reply
Nick October 11, 2015 at 3:33 pm

why all use raid 1+0 instead 0+1 ?
Reply
Camille February 1, 2015 at 7:57 pm

Hi,
I test you method 2 (RAID1 + RAID0) on

an Ubuntu Server and I loose my RAID0
when I reboot the server.
Have you got any ideas ?
Best regards
Reply
Babin Lonston
February 3, 2015 at 12:35 am
To scan and assemble this will
bring back
Ebook: your raid the RHCSA and RHCE Exam Preparation Guide
Introducing
# mdadm assemble scan

Then save the conguration, If
in next reboot it wont
disappear..
# mdadm detail scan >>
/etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
Reply
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Setting Up RAID 10 or 1+0 (Nested) in Linux - Part 6

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Here we will use both RAID

for an example, if we are

Ebook: Introducing the RHCSA and RHCE Exam Preparation Guide

Create Raid 10 in Linux

Using RAID 0 it will save as

In RAID 1 method, same

Google Chrome 56 Released Install on

How to Install Ubuntu 16.10/16.04 Alongside With

Ebook: Introducing the RHCSA and RHCE Exam

Now you all came to know

Pros and Cons of

we need to extended the Date

Never Miss Any Linux Tutorials,

2. Once the four disks are

Verify 4 Added Disks

Note: In the above output,

Ebook: Introducing the RHCSA and RHCE Exam Preparation Guide

Please use the below steps

Press n for creating

Ebook: Introducing the RHCSA and RHCE Exam Preparation Guide

Change the Type,

Disk sdb Partition

Note: Please use the above

4. After creating all 4

Check All Disks for Raid

Note: The above outputs

Linux Foundations LFCS and LFCE

Once mdadm tool installed,

6. Next verify the newly

Create md raid Device

7. Next, examine all the 4

Ebook: Introducing the RHCSA and RHCE Exam Preparation Guide

Check Raid Array Details

Note: You see in the above

Ebook: Introducing the RHCSA and RHCE Exam Preparation Guide

10. After creating

Next, add some les under

Ebook: Introducing the RHCSA and RHCE Exam Preparation Guide

11. For automounting, open

12. Next, verify the

Ebook: Introducing the RHCSA and RHCE Exam Preparation Guide

Check Errors in Fstab

Step 4: Save RAID

Save Raid10 Conguration

Thats it, we have created

Ebook: Introducing the RHCSA and RHCE Exam Preparation Guide

First, list the disks which are

2. Partition the all 4 disks

Ebook: Introducing the RHCSA and RHCE Exam Preparation Guide

3. After partitioning all 4

Ebook: Introducing the RHCSA and RHCE Exam Preparation Guide

Check Details of Raid 1

Ebook: Introducing the RHCSA and RHCE Exam Preparation Guide

Step 3: Save RAID

After this, we need to follow

Thats it! we have created

Ebook: Introducing the RHCSA and RHCE Exam Preparation Guide

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your blog ($3.82/month).