BARTENDING BASICS: HOW

TO CUT FRUIT FOR

GARNISHES

RELATED BOOK
Bartending For Dummies, 5th Edition

By Ray Foley

15
LEMON TWISTS
Cut off both ends of the lemon.

Insert a sharp knife or spoon between the rind and meat of the lemon
and carefully separate them.
Cut the rind into strips.

The outside of the lemon is where the flavor lies. When adding a
lemon twist to a drink, slowly rim the edge of the glass with the outside
of the lemon twist and then drop the twist into the cocktail.

BARTENDING BASICS: HOW

TO CUT FRUIT FOR
GARNISHES

RELATED BOOK
Bartending For Dummies, 5th Edition

By Ray Foley
 25
ORANGE SLICES
With the ends of the orange removed, cut the orange in half.

Cut each half in half again (lengthwise).

Cut the orange quarters into wedges.

BARTENDING BASICS: HOW

TO CUT FRUIT FOR
GARNISHES

RELATED BOOK
Bartending For Dummies, 5th Edition
By Ray Foley

35
LIME SLICES
Cut off both ends of the lime.

Slice the lime in half.

Lay each half down and cut it into half-moon slices.

Lay each half-moon slice down and cut into the flesh at the fruits
middle point, being careful to slice only halfway into the wedge.

This slot will hold the garnish in place on the rim of your glass.
BARTENDING BASICS: HOW
TO CUT FRUIT FOR
GARNISHES

RELATED BOOK
Bartending For Dummies, 5th Edition

By Ray Foley

45
LEMON AND LIME WEDGES
Slice the lemon or lime in half the long way.

Lay the cut halves down and halve them again.

Cut wedges from the lemon or lime quarters.

BARTENDING BASICS: HOW
TO CUT FRUIT FOR
GARNISHES

RELATED BOOK
Bartending For Dummies, 5th Edition

By Ray Foley

55
PINEAPPLE WEDGES
Cut off the top and bottom of the pineapple.
From top to bottom, cut the pineapple in half.

Lay the half pineapple down and cut it in half again.

Remove the core section of the pineapple quarters.

Cut wedges.
WHAT BARTENDERS
SHOULD KNOW ABOUT
SCOTCH WHISKY

RELATED BOOK
Bartending For Dummies, 5th Edition

By Ray Foley

Bartenders should definitely know about Scotch whisky. Scotch whisky

(spelled without the e in whiskey) has a distinctive smoky flavor thats
the result of both the choice of ingredients and the method of
distillation. Scotch whisky must be distilled and matured for at least
three years in Scotland but not necessarily bottled in Scotland.
Some Scotch whiskies are distilled and aged in Scotland but bottled in
another country.

TYPES OF SCOTCH WHISKY

Two kinds of Scotch whisky are distilled: malt whisky (from barley)
and grain whisky (from cereals). Malt whiskies are divided into four
groups according to the geographical location of the distillery in which
theyre made:
 Lowland malt whiskies: Made south of an imaginary line drawn
from Dundee in the east to Greenock in the west.

Highland malt whiskies: Made north of the aforementioned

line.

Speyside malt whiskies: Made in the valley of the River Spey.

Although these whiskies come from within the area of the
Highland malt whiskies, the concentration of distilleries and the
specific climatic conditions in Speyside produce whiskies of an
identifiable character, which is why theyre classified separately.

Islay malt whiskies: Made on the island of Islay.

Credit: Illustration by Lisa Reed

 Each group has its own clearly defined characteristics, ranging from
the gentle, lighter-flavored Lowland whiskies to those distilled on Islay,
which are generally regarded as the heaviest malt whiskies.

Grain distilleries are mostly found in the central belt of Scotland, near
the cities of Glasgow and Edinburgh. Single-grain whiskies display
individual characteristics in the same way as malts, although the
geographical influence isnt the same.

Married together, malt whiskies and grain whiskies

create blended Scotch whisky, which accounts for 95 percent of world
sales. A blended whisky can have many (up to 50) different types of
malt whiskies blended with grain whisky (from cereals). As you may
expect from the name, a single-malt Scotch whisky is made from one
type of malt, and its not blended with other malts or grain whiskies.

HOW SCOTCH IS MADE

Making Scotch whisky from malts dates back to 1494 to Friar John
Cor and his fellow friars. Until the mid-1800s, nearly all Scotches were
single-malt. Then Andrew Usher came up with the idea of mixing malt
whisky and grain whisky to create blended Scotch whisky. Heres how
the process works:
1. The barley is malted, or soaked and dried for germination.
During this period, the starch in the barley converts to fermentable
sugar.
2. To stop the germination, the malted barley is smoked, usually
over peat fires in open malt kilns, giving Scotch whisky its smoky
taste.
3. The barley is mixed with water and yeast. Fermentation takes
place, and alcohol is the result.
This liquid is then usually pumped into stills and double-distilled until
the correct proof is attained.
4. After distillation, the whisky is typically placed in used American
oak wine or bourbon barrels (some distillers use sherry casks or wood
from other countries); these are then aged by law for a minimum of
three years.
Most Scotch whiskies age from five to ten years, sometimes much
longer. Its said that the longer a whisky ages in the barrel, the
smoother it becomes.
After the whisky finishes aging in the barrel, each distiller then
completes its own blending, filtering, and bottling. Scotland has more
than 100 distilleries that produce more than 2,000 different Scotch
whiskies.

STORING AND SERVING SUGGESTIONS

Scotch can be served over ice, straight up, with water or club soda, or
in a variety of mixed drinks. Single malts and aged Scotch whisky
(over 12 years) can be served straight up or on the rocks with a splash
of water. After opening, store a bottle of Scotch whisky in a cool, dry
place out of direct light. It should have a shelf life of approximately two
years.

Whisky doesnt improve with age after its bottled.

MEASUREMENT CHART FOR
BARTENDERS
Its completely appropriate that bartending is also known as the art
and science of mixology. As a bartender, you need to know who to mix
and measure not only a jigger, or shot, but how much to add when a
recipe calls for a dash of bitters or how many bottles of wine to send
out when a customer orders a jeroboam.

The following table shows standard and metric measurements for

common and uncommon alcohol quantities:
Measurement Metric Measurement Metric
Equivalent Equivalent
Standard
Standard
Equivalent
Equivalent

1 dash 0.9 ml. 1 fifth 755.2 ml.

132 oz. 25.6 oz.

1 teaspoon 3.7 ml. 1 quart 944.0 ml.

18 oz. 32 oz.

1 tablespoon 11.1 ml. 1 imperial quart 1.137 liter

38 oz. 38.4 oz.

1 pony 29.5 ml. magnum 1.534 liter

 1 oz. 52 oz.

1 jigger 44.5 ml. 1 half gallon 1.894 liter

112 oz. 64 oz.

1 miniature (nip) 59.2 ml. jeroboam (4 bottles of wine) 3.078 liter

2 oz. 104 oz.

1 wineglass 119.0 ml. tappit-hen 3.788 liter

4 oz. 128 oz.

1 split 177.0 ml. 1 gallon 3.789 liter

6 oz. 128 oz.

1 half pint 257.0 ml. rehoboam (6 bottles of wine) 4.434 liter

8 oz. 150 oz.

1 pint (1/2 of bottle of wine) 375.2 ml. methuselah (8 bottles of wine) 5.912 liter
12 oz. 200 oz.

1 tenth 378.88 ml. salmanazar (12 bottles of wine) 8.868 liter

12.8 oz. 300 oz.

1 pint 472.0 ml. Balthazar (16 bottles of wine) 11.829 liter

16 oz. 400 oz.

1 quart (1 bottle wine) 739.0 ml. nebuchadnezzar (20 bottles of wine) 14.780 liter
25 oz. 500 oz.
 BARTENDING BASICS: HOW
BEER IS MADE

RELATED BOOK
Bartending For Dummies, 5th Edition

By Ray Foley

All bartenders should be familiar with beer. The beer-brewing process

begins with pure water, corn grits, and malted barley. Malted barley is
the basic ingredient and is often referred to as the soul of beer. It
contributes to the color and characteristic flavor of beer. Malted simply
means that the barley has been steeped or soaked in water and
allowed to germinate, or grow.
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Brewing beer is a step-by-step process:
1. The corn grits and malt are cooked and blended to create mash.
2. A sugary liquid, called wort, is extracted from the mash.
The remaining solid portion of the mash, the brewers grain, is sold as
feed.
3. The wort is transferred to the brew kettles, where its boiled and
hops are added.
 Hops are responsible for the rich aroma and the delicate bitterness in
beer.
4. The wort then moves to the wort cooler.
5. Sterile air is added next, along with yeast, which converts sugar
into alcohol and carbon dioxide. The wort moves to fermentation tanks
for a carefully controlled time period.
Brewers can use two different categories of yeast: bottom and top.

Bottom yeast settles to the bottom of the tank after converting

all the sugar, and the resulting beer is a lager.

Top yeast rises to the top of the tank when its done with the
sugar, and the beer it produces is an ale.
POPULAR RUM BRANDS
BARTENDERS SHOULD
KNOW

RELATED BOOK
Bartending For Dummies, 5th Edition

By Ray Foley

Rum is produced throughout the Caribbean and beyond. There are

several different types of rum, bartenders should know. Rum is
required in different cocktail recipes, and is a very popular alcoholic
drink. Here are several popular brands:

10 Cane (Trinidad)

Admiral Nelson Spiced Rum (Puerto Rico)

Angostura (Trinidad)

Appleton Estate (Jamaica)

Bacardi (Puerto Rico)

Brinley (Saint Kitts)

Captain Morgan Original Spiced Rum (Puerto Rico)

 Castillo (Puerto Rico)

Cavalier (Antigua)

Cockspur (Barbados)

Cruzan Rum (U.S. Virgin Islands)

DonQ Rums (Puerto Rico)

English Harbour (Antigua)

Fernandes Vat 19 Rum (Trinidad)

Goslings Black Seal Rum (Bermuda). Gosling also makes a

Gold Rum and an Old Rum.

Gran Blason Aejo Especial (Costa Rica)

Havana Club (Cuba)

Matusalem (Dominican Republic)

Mount Gay Rum (Barbados)

Myerss Original Dark Rum (Jamaica)

Ocumare (Venezuela)

Oronoco (Brazil)

Pampero (Venezuela)

Pussers (Tortola, British Virgin Islands)

Pyrat (Anguilla)

Rhum Barbancourt (Haiti)

Ron Del Barrilito (Puerto Rico)

 Ronrico (Puerto Rico)

Ron Zacapa (Guatemala)

Royal Oak (Trinidad)

Sailor Jerry (U.S. Virgin Islands)

Sea Wynde (Jamaica and Guyana)

Stroh (Austria)

Stubbs (Australia)

Tanduay (Philippines)

The Kraken Rum (Trinidad and Tobago)

Tommy Bahama Rum (Barbados)

Whalers (Hawaii)

Wray & Nephew (Jamaica)

Zaya Rum (Trinidad)

 BARTENDING BASICS: HOW
TO FLAME AN ORANGE
PEEL

RELATED BOOK
Bartending For Dummies, 5th Edition

By Ray Foley

Flaming the oil of an orange peel enhances the orange flavor in a

cocktail, especially one made with Lillet, an orange-based aperitif.
After this technique was introduced to bartenders in New York City,
they ran with the idea and added it to various liquors such as bourbon,
vodka, gin, rum, and so on.

Follow these steps to flame an orange peel or any other variety of

citrus.
1. Cut off both ends of the orange.
2. Insert a sharp knife or spoon between the rind and meat of the
orange and carefully separate them.
3. Cut the rind into strips.
Make sure the citrus flesh is removed from the rind.
4. Place a lit match between the cocktail and the twist, which
should be rind-side down; bring the rind closer to the flame,
approaching at a 45 degree angle from above.
5. When the peel is very close to the match, give the peel a good
squeeze with your thumb and forefinger to squirt the oil into the flame.
A small burst of fire should brush the liquid in your glass. After its lit,
you can choose to drop the peel into the cocktail.
6. Practice, practice, practice.
After a while, it will come easy.
 BARTENDING BASICS: HOW
TO FLAME AN ORANGE
PEEL

RELATED BOOK
Bartending For Dummies, 5th Edition

By Ray Foley

Flaming the oil of an orange peel enhances the orange flavor in a

cocktail, especially one made with Lillet, an orange-based aperitif.
After this technique was introduced to bartenders in New York City,
they ran with the idea and added it to various liquors such as bourbon,
vodka, gin, rum, and so on.

Follow these steps to flame an orange peel or any other variety of

citrus.
1. Cut off both ends of the orange.
2. Insert a sharp knife or spoon between the rind and meat of the
orange and carefully separate them.
3. Cut the rind into strips.
Make sure the citrus flesh is removed from the rind.
4. Place a lit match between the cocktail and the twist, which
should be rind-side down; bring the rind closer to the flame,
approaching at a 45 degree angle from above.
5. When the peel is very close to the match, give the peel a good
squeeze with your thumb and forefinger to squirt the oil into the flame.
A small burst of fire should brush the liquid in your glass. After its lit,
you can choose to drop the peel into the cocktail.
6. Practice, practice, practice.
After a while, it will come easy.
BARTENDING BASICS: HOW
TO SHAKE A DRINK

RELATED BOOK
Bartending For Dummies, 5th Edition

By Ray Foley

As a bartender, you will probably be asked at some point to shake a

drink. The main reasons for shaking drinks are to chill a cocktail, to
mix ingredients, or to put a head or froth on some cocktails.
ADVERTISING
inRead invented by Teads

As a general rule, you should shake all cloudy drinks (including cream
drinks and sours), and you should stir all clear drinks. Never shake a
cocktail that has carbonated water or soda. For some drinks, such as
the Stinger or Martini, ask your guests whether they prefer them
shaken or stirred.

To shake a cocktail in a Boston shaker, follow these steps:

1. Put some ice cubes (if called for in the recipe) in the glass
container.
2. Add the cocktail ingredients.
3. Place the metal container over the glass container.
4. Hold the metal and glass containers together with both hands
and shake with an up-and-down motion.

Make sure you always point the shaker away from your guests. That
way you avoid spilling anything on them if the shaker isnt properly
sealed.

The two pieces of the shaker may stick together after you shake a
drink. Never bang the shaker against the bar or any other surface or
object; instead, gently tap it three or four times at the point where the
glass and metal containers come in contact.

When pouring or straining the cocktail, always pour from the glass
container.