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1) Direct patent infringement is covered under 35 USC 271(a) and applies when:
Then, a jury (or a judge when a jury is not requested) determines whether
the legally- defined and interpreted claims cover the accused device or process.
Note that there is no intent or knowledge element required to prove direct infringement.
Direct infringement is analogous to a strict-liability offense because it requires no
more than the unauthorized use of a patented invention: knowledge or intent is
legally irrelevant. However, direct infringement is only available against those who
practice each and every element of the claimed invention.
2) Contributory patent infringement is covered under 35 USC 271(c) and applies when
someone encourages someone else to directly infringe a patent plus two other
conditions are present:
that the alleged contributory infringer knew of the asserted patent and that
its activities would cause infringement of that patent.
Statutory Law. Section 271(a) of title 35 of the United States Code defines direct
infringement: "whoever without authority makes, uses, offers to sell, or sells any patented
invention, within the United States or imports into the United States any patented invention
during the term of the patent therefor, infringes the patent."
The Federal Circuit explains in its now famous 2002 Festo decision, "The doctrine of
equivalents allows the patentee to claim those insubstantial alterations that were not captured
in drafting the original patent claim but which could be created through trivial changes."
The Federal Judicial Center publishes a 17-minute video (QuickTime, Real Media
and Windows Media Player formats) "designed to be shown to jurors in patent jury
trials. It contains important background information intended to help jurors
understand what patents are, why they are needed, how inventors get them, the role
of the Patent and Trademark Office, and why disputes over patents arise." It is about
65 megabytes in file size.
Conclusions.
Designing around an existing patent may require a review of more than the
literal terms of a patent.
If you think someone has infringed your patent, Attorney Louis Ventre, Jr.
would be pleased to discuss legal representation with you on an hourly or fixed-
price, fixed-tasking retainer basis. Please contact Attorney Louis Ventre, Jr. to
discuss this in a free initial consultation.
If you are worried about whether your existing design around was adequate,
it is not too late to get a second opinion.