Camberley Report

CLEAN WATER OXYGEN TRANSFER TESTS
CAMBERLEY STW
FEBRUARY 2012
Camberley STW Clean Water Oxygen Transfer Tests 1

INDEX

1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE ............................................................................. 3
2. DESCRIPTION OF TESTING PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT ............. 4
2.1 SUMMARY OF METHOD ..................................................................... 4
2.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE TEST BASIN .................................................. 6
2.3 AERATION EQUIPMENT ...................................................................... 7
3. TEST PROCEDURE .................................................................................. 12
3.1 DEOXYGENATION ............................................................................. 12
3.2 MEASUREMENT OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN ..................................... 13
3.3 DATA ANALYSIS ................................................................................ 13
4. TEST PROGRAM AND CONDITIONS ...................................................... 14
5. TEST DATA AND RESULTS ..................................................................... 15
6. CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................ 15
ANNEX 1:WATER QUALITY
ANNEX 2: TEST CONDITIONS
ANNEX 3:EXPERIMENTAL DATA, DATA ANALYSIS AND REGRESSION

CURVES

1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE
In order to satisfy the oxygen requirements associated to the treatment process

selected for the Camberley STW, Suprafilt Ltd has been required to supply fine
bubble aeration equipment suitable for the application and capable of meeting
plant process requirements.
In order to demonstrate aeration system performance, Asesora Tcnica y

Control (ATC) has been commissioned the conduction of a series of shop scale
Clean Water Oxygen Transfer Tests on three different SSI ADF270 PTFE
membrane disc diffuser aeration grids representative of the full scale system to
be installed at the Camberley STW.
The present document includes all the information regarding the tests
conducted, the testing equipment and procedures followed, and the final results
obtained for the different systems and conditions tested.
Tests were conducted by Ian Trillo and Jernimo Cantn Saborido (ATC) during
the period February 3rd -15th 2012 at Asesora Tcnica y Controls test facilities
in Terrassa (Barcelona, Spain).

2. DESCRIPTION OF TESTING PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT
Shop Scale Clean Water Oxygen Transfer Tests are carried out by ASESORA
TCNICA Y CONTROLs personnel in ATCs clean water testing facilities in
Terrassa, Barcelona (Spain) in compliance with the procedures included in the
ASCE/EWRI 2-06 Standard Measurement of Oxygen Transfer in Clean Water.
2.1 SUMMARY OF METHOD
The test method is based upon removal of dissolved oxygen from the water
volume by addition of chemicals followed by reaeration to near the saturation
level. The dissolved oxygen inventory of the water volume is monitored during
the reaeration period by measuring dissolved oxygen concentrations at several
determination points selected to best represent the tank contents.
The data obtained at each determination point are then analyzed by a simplified
mass transfer model to estimate the apparent mass transfer coefficient, KLa,
and the steady state dissolved oxygen saturation concentration, C*. The basic
model is given by
C (t ) C * (C * C 0 )exp( K La t )
Where:
C = dissolved oxygen concentration, mg/l
C* = determination point value of the steady DO concentration at time

approaches infinity, mg/l,
C0 = DO concentration at time zero, mg/l, and
KLa = determination point value of the apparent volumetric mass transfer

coefficient, 1/hr.
Nonlinear regression is employed to fit the above equation to the DO profile

measured at each determination point during reaeration. In this way, estimates
of KLa and C* are obtained at each determination point. These estimates are

adjusted to standard conditions (20C water temperature, zero DO
concentration and one atmosphere) and the standard oxygen transfer rate
(SOTR) is obtained as the average of the products of the adjusted
determination point KLa values, corresponding adjusted determination point C*
values, and the tank volume.
SOTR K Lai C *
20 V i
Where
SOTR= Standard Oxygen Transfer Rate, kgO2/hr
KLa20 = determination point value of KLa corrected to 20C, 1/hr;
C*20 = determination point value of steady-state DO concentration

corrected to 20C and a standard barometric pressure of 1.00
atmospheres, mg/l;
Vi = liquid volume associated to each individual determination point

when the aerator(s) is turned off.
Oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) refers to the fraction of the mass of oxygen in
an injected air stream dissolved into the test fluid under given conditions. The
standard oxygen transfer efficiency (SOTE) is the oxygen transfer efficiency
corrected to standard conditions (20C water temperature, zero DO and 1.00
atmospheres) and may be calculated for a given flow of air by
SOTR
SOTE
WO 2
Where:
W02 = mass flow of oxygen in the air stream, mass/time (Kg/hr).

2.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE TEST BASIN
Asesora Tcnica y Controls (ATC) clean water test tank is an industrial

(Shop) scale rectangular concrete tank, 7 metres long by 4 metres wide, with a
total height of 7.5 metres. The tank dimensions are such that it is possible to
represent a section of a full scale aeration system, thereby ensuring results are
applicable to real full-scale conditions.
The compressed air fed to the aeration system is produced by means of a

positive displacement blower (Aerzener Machine Factory GM 25S Delta
Blower). For the purpose of testing, airflow to the basin is controlled using a
control valve to by-pass to the atmosphere a portion of the compressed air
stream in order to allow feeding of the desired amount of air to the aeration
system. Airflow to test basin is measured by means of a calibrated orifice plate
inserted in the air feed line, where a pressure gauge and thermometer are also
present to allow for pressure and temperature corrections of the measured flow
to standard conditions. During tests, airflow readings (differential pressure,
flow, line pressure and line temperature), are taken manually every 5 minutes
and the average flow for the duration of each test run is used for system
performance calculations.
The air distribution system to the test tank also includes an Endress+Hauser
Prowirl 77 vortex flowmeter that can also be used for flow measurement. Vortex
flowmeter readings have been used for flow measurement in some of the higher
airflow tests due to orifice plate pressure drop measuring device limitations. For
each test run, flow to the test basin was adjusted to +/- 2% of the target airflow
value by opening or closing the by-pass valve to control the amount of air fed to
the system.

2.3 AERATION EQUIPMENT
The type of aeration system to be installed in the test tank largely depends on
the specific targets for each client/job. The air feed pipe to the basin is open
near the bottom of the basin and is equipped with a standard DN100 flange to
allow easy connection of most aeration systems in use. With a total tank bottom
surface of 28 m2, the system allows for good representation of most of the
aeration system arrangements and densities usually installed in full scale STW.
The present series of tests has been conducted on three (3) different aeration
systems equipped with 133, 77 and 54 SSI AFD270 PTFE Membrane Disc
Diffusers mounted 110 mm PVC pipework connected to the air distribution
manifold. The three layouts used for testing are illustrated in Figures 2a, 2b and
2c.
After installation in the tank, the height of the diffusers above the tank bottom
was measured to be 25 cm.

Figure 2a: GRID 1 - 133 Diffusers

Figure 2b: GRID 2 77 Diffusers

Figure 2c: GRID 3 54 Diffusers

3. TEST PROCEDURE
The tests have been conducted in comliance with the procedures procedures
described in the ASCE/EWRI 2-06 Standard Measurement of Oxygen Transfer
in Clean Water.
Public supply drinking water from the area (Les Fonts, Mina Pblica de Terrasa)
was used to fill the test tank to the water depth specified for the tests. Multiple
tests were conducted in the same water checking the conductivity did not
exceed 3000 S. Before reaching this limit, the test tank was emptied and
refilled with fresh water from the same source before any further tests were
conducted.
3.1 DEOXYGENATION
Deoxygenation of the test water volumes was achieved by addition of technical

grade (98%) anhidrous Sodium Sulphite in excess of the stoichiometric
amounts required for the removal of all DO present in the test water using
Cobalt II Chloride 6H20 as a catalyst. To allow good catalisation, a minimum
free cobalt concentration of 0.30 mg/l is maintained in the test volume. Cobalt
catalyst was added to each batch of fresh water as a solution with the aeration
system turned on at least one hour before the first addition of Sodium Sulphite
to allow adequate mixing. Sodium Sulphite in excess of stoichiometric amounts
required for DO depletion is added as a solution prepared beforehand in a
separate mixing tank by pumping over the tank surface with a flexible hose. The
aeration system was kept in operation at the desired test flow at all times, even
during sulphite addition procedures.

3.2 MEASUREMENT OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN
Determination of DO concentrations in the different areas of the test tank is

accomplished by means of four Yellow Springs Instruments YSI 52 membrane
DO probes. Precision, accuracy and response time of such probes is adequate
for the application of the testing method used.
Location of DO probes in the test volume is represented in the attached drawing

(Figure 3). Such distribution has been adopted to ensure good sampling of the
test contents and representativity of the data collected. Calibration of probes
was done by comparison with an independent DO measurement method
(Winkler method). Winkler tests for probe calibration were conducted in ATCs
facilities just beside the test tank. At the beginning of each test day, three water
samples from the saturated test water were and analysed for Dissolved Oxygen
concentration. The average of the three determinations was used to calibrate
probes.
Data registration was done automatically connecting all probes to a laptop

computer, and readings of the DO v/s time data points were taken at variable
time intervals depending on the specific requirements of each test. The interval
between readings was adjusted so that between 50 and 100+ data points were
obtained for each test run.
3.3 DATA ANALYSIS
The data collected from each test is prepared for analysis following the
truncation criteria contained in the applied standard and is analysed for Kla and
C* values using the non linear regression method.
Parameter values for each individual probe and test run are obtained and used
for system performance calculations. Kla and C* values are corrected to
standard temperature and pressure conditions using the expressions included
in the applied standard and SOTE (Oxygen Transfer Efficiency at 20C, 1 atm)
values are then calculated

4. TEST PROGRAM AND CONDITIONS
Test program and system operating conditions depend on Client/Job-specific

requirements. For the present series of tests the test program conducted has
been the following:
TABLE A: TEST PROGRAM

Grid Test Runs Operating Airflows (Nm3/hr) Diff.Submergence,m Water Depth,m
1 3 241,0 Nm3/hr (1,81 Nm3/hrDiff) 5,00 5,25
2 3 140,0 Nm3/hr (1,82 Nm3/hrDiff) 5,00 5,25
3 3 99,0 Nm3/hr (1,83 Nm3/hrDiff) 5,00 5,25
Other test conditions such as ambient temperature, barometric pressure, water

temperature, etc, are also monitored during testing in accordance with the
applied standard.

5. TEST DATA AND RESULTS
The following tables include basic test conditions and results for the nine (9) test
runs conducted. Detailed listing of full test data and conditions, together with
individual probe C* and Kla values, both in test and standard conditions, for
each probe and test run are included in Annex 2.
TABLE B: TEST CONDITIONS AND RESULTS
TEST DATE AIRFLOW(Nm3/h) W. TEMP.(C) SOTE(%) AVG.SOTE(%)
G1R1 Feb 6th 241,4 9,0 36,05
G1R2 Feb 6th 241,1 9,1 37,25 37,11
G1R3 Feb 6th 240,4 9,3 38,02
G2R1 Feb 9th 140,1 10,1 35,28
G2R2 Feb 9th 139,6 10,3 35,82 35,77
G2R3 Feb 9th 139,4 10,5 36,22
G3R1 Feb 15th 98,7 8,3 34,82
G3R2 Feb 15th 98,7 8,4 35,25 35,16
G3R3 Feb 15th 98,2 8,5 35,42
As may be observed, results obtained in the present series of tests indicate the
following average Standard Oxygen Transfer Efficiencies for the different
aeration systems and operating conditions tested tested:
Test Ref. Airflow, Nm3/hr Diff. Submergence,m Avg SOTE, % SOTE/m Submergence
GRID1 241,0 5,00 37,11 7,42
GRID2 140,0 5,00 35,77 7,15
GRID3 99,0 5,00 35,16 7,03

6. CONCLUS
C SIONS
This document includes all the info

ormation re
elative to the series o
of Clean Water
W
gen Transsfer Tests conducted
Oxyg c d by Aseso
ora Tcnicca y Contrrol on beha
alf of
Suprrafilt Ltd on
o three different
d S AFD27
SSI 70 PTFE membrane
m e disc aerration
syste
ems representative of
o the aera
ation syste
em to be in
nstalled at the Camberley
STW
W.
During the se
eries of te
ests conducted, ave
erage Sta
andard Oxxygen Transfer
Efficciencies (SOTE,%) be
etween 35
5,16 and 37
7,11% havve been me
easured fo
or the
different syste
ems tested operating
g at airflow
ws between 1,81 and 1,83 Nm
m3/hr
per diffuser
d and a diffuse
er submerg
gence of 5,,00 m.
Mea
asured valu
ue correspo ecific SOTE values between
ond to Spe b 7,,03 and 7,4
42 %
per meter
m of diiffuser submergence.
elona,Febrruary 20th 2012

Barce
The
e Engineerr in Charge
e of the Te
esting
Ian Trillo
Asesora Tcnica y Control, S.A.
Cam
mberley STW
W Clean Wa
ater Oxygen
n Transfer Tests
T 16
ANNEX 1
WATER QUALITY

ANNEX N1: CLEAN WATER CHARACTERSTICS
SOURCE: Mina Pblica de Terrassa
QUALITY PARAMETERS
PARAMETER VALUE
pH 7.7
Total Dissolved Solids 750

(mg/l)
Conductivity (uS/cm) 1.160
Alcalinity (mg/l) 246
Hardness (mg/l CaCO3) 424
Oxydability (mg O2/l) 1.94

Salt Contents (mg/l):
Fe <1
Mn <1
Cu <40
Zn <40

ANNEX 2
TEST CONDITIONS

GRID 1
TEST REF. RUN1 RUN2 RUN3
DATE Feb. 6th Feb. 6th Feb. 6th
BAROMETER, mbar 1020 1020 1020
WATER DEPTH, m 5,25 5,25 5,25
DIFF. SUBMERGENCE, m 5,00 5,00 5,00
WATER TEMPERATURE, C 9,0 9,1 9,3
VOLUME,m3 147,0
SULPHITE DOSE, kg 25 25 25
TDS, mg/l 1008 1197 1386
TARGET AIRFLOW, Nm3/hr 241,0
AIRLOW (Flowmeter), m3/hr - - -
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE, mbar 1,95 1,95 1,95
LINE TEMPERATURE, C 55 56 58
LINE PRESSURE, bar 0,535 0,535 0,535
STANDARD AIRFLOW, Nm3/hr 241,44 241,08 240,35

GRID 2
WATER DEPTH, m 5,25 5,25 5,25
VOLUME,m3 147,0
TDS, mg/l 1071 1229 1386

GRID 3
WATER DEPTH, m 5,25 5,25 5,25
VOLUME,m3 147,0
TDS, mg/l 1166 1292 1449

ANNEX 3
EXPERIMENTAL DATA, DATA ANALYSIS AND REGRESSION CURVES

The CD-Rom attached to the present report includes the following files and
information:
- CAMBERLEYDATA.xls: This file includes all the DO v/s Time

data collected for each individual probe during each individual test
run. Data is organised in such a way that each spreadsheet is named
after the aeration Layout to which data correspond. Each spreadsheet
includes different data sets named after the corresponding test run as
a function of the airflow to which it corresponds.
- Files GxRy.xls:For each of the test runs considered, these include

regression curves and fitting residuals for all DO probes, Kla and C*
values for each individual probe both under test conditions and
standard conditions, truncation levels used in parameter estimation,
and SOTR and SOTE values for each test.
By way of example, data included in file G1R1.xls in presented in the

following pages.

CAMBERLEY STW GRID 1 RUN 1
WATER DEPTH 5,25 m

TANK VOLUME 147,00 m3
WATER TEMPERATURE 9C
BAROMETER 1020 mbar
AIRFLOW 241,44 Nm3/h
TEST CONDITIONS KLA C* TRUNC.L
PROBE 1 12,50 13,85 18

PROBE 2 12,45 13,95 18
PROBE 3 12,74 13,79 16
PROBE 4 12,75 13,75 18
AVERAGE 12,609 13,835
STD. CONDITIONS KLA C* KLAC*
PROBE 1 16,22 10,83 175,74

PROBE 2 16,15 10,91 176,19
PROBE 3 16,53 10,78 178,26
PROBE 4 16,56 10,75 177,99
AVERAGE 16,367 10,818 177,05
OXYGEN TRANSFER RATE 26,03 KgO2/hr
SOTE 36,05 %

PROBE 1 - TEST DATA v/s CURVE FIT
TEST DATA CURVE FIT
16,0
14,0
12,0
10,0
DO (mg/l)
8,0
6,0
4,0
2,0
0,0
0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 30,0 35,0
TIME (min)
TEST DATA CURVE FIT
16,0
14,0
12,0
10,0
DO (mg/l)
8,0
6,0
4,0
2,0
0,0
0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 30,0 35,0
TIME (min)

TEST DATA CURVE FIT
16,0
14,0
12,0
10,0
DO (mg/l)
8,0
6,0
4,0
2,0
0,0
0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 TIME (min) 20,0 25,0 30,0 35,0
TEST DATA CURVE FIT
16,0
14,0
12,0
10,0
DO (mg/l)
8,0
6,0
4,0
2,0
0,0
0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 30,0 35,0
TIME (min)

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CLEAN WATER OXYGEN TRANSFER TESTS

Camberley STW Clean Water Oxygen Transfer Tests 1

2. DESCRIPTION OF TESTING PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT ............. 4

2.1 SUMMARY OF METHOD ..................................................................... 4

2.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE TEST BASIN .................................................. 6

2.3 AERATION EQUIPMENT ...................................................................... 7

3. TEST PROCEDURE .................................................................................. 12

3.1 DEOXYGENATION ............................................................................. 12

3.2 MEASUREMENT OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN ..................................... 13

3.3 DATA ANALYSIS ................................................................................ 13

4. TEST PROGRAM AND CONDITIONS ...................................................... 14

5. TEST DATA AND RESULTS ..................................................................... 15

ANNEX 1:WATER QUALITY

ANNEX 2: TEST CONDITIONS

ANNEX 3:EXPERIMENTAL DATA, DATA ANALYSIS AND REGRESSION

Camberley STW Clean Water Oxygen Transfer Tests 2

In order to satisfy the oxygen requirements associated to the treatment process

In order to demonstrate aeration system performance, Asesora Tcnica y

Camberley STW Clean Water Oxygen Transfer Tests 3

2.1 SUMMARY OF METHOD

C = dissolved oxygen concentration, mg/l

C* = determination point value of the steady DO concentration at time

C0 = DO concentration at time zero, mg/l, and

KLa = determination point value of the apparent volumetric mass transfer

Nonlinear regression is employed to fit the above equation to the DO profile

Camberley STW Clean Water Oxygen Transfer Tests 4

SOTR= Standard Oxygen Transfer Rate, kgO2/hr

KLa20 = determination point value of KLa corrected to 20C, 1/hr;

C*20 = determination point value of steady-state DO concentration

Vi = liquid volume associated to each individual determination point

W02 = mass flow of oxygen in the air stream, mass/time (Kg/hr).

Camberley STW Clean Water Oxygen Transfer Tests 5

Asesora Tcnica y Controls (ATC) clean water test tank is an industrial

The compressed air fed to the aeration system is produced by means of a

Camberley STW Clean Water Oxygen Transfer Tests 6

Camberley STW Clean Water Oxygen Transfer Tests 7

Camberley STW Clean Water Oxygen Transfer Tests 8

Camberley STW Clean Water Oxygen Transfer Tests 9

Camberley STW Clean Water Oxygen Transfer Tests 11

Deoxygenation of the test water volumes was achieved by addition of technical

Camberley STW Clean Water Oxygen Transfer Tests 12

Determination of DO concentrations in the different areas of the test tank is

Location of DO probes in the test volume is represented in the attached drawing

Data registration was done automatically connecting all probes to a laptop

3.3 DATA ANALYSIS

Camberley STW Clean Water Oxygen Transfer Tests 13

Test program and system operating conditions depend on Client/Job-specific

TABLE A: TEST PROGRAM

1 3 241,0 Nm3/hr (1,81 Nm3/hrDiff) 5,00 5,25

2 3 140,0 Nm3/hr (1,82 Nm3/hrDiff) 5,00 5,25

3 3 99,0 Nm3/hr (1,83 Nm3/hrDiff) 5,00 5,25

Other test conditions such as ambient temperature, barometric pressure, water

Camberley STW Clean Water Oxygen Transfer Tests 14

TABLE B: TEST CONDITIONS AND RESULTS

TEST DATE AIRFLOW(Nm3/h) W. TEMP.(C) SOTE(%) AVG.SOTE(%)

G1R1 Feb 6th 241,4 9,0 36,05

G1R2 Feb 6th 241,1 9,1 37,25 37,11

G1R3 Feb 6th 240,4 9,3 38,02

G2R1 Feb 9th 140,1 10,1 35,28

G2R2 Feb 9th 139,6 10,3 35,82 35,77

G2R3 Feb 9th 139,4 10,5 36,22

G3R1 Feb 15th 98,7 8,3 34,82

G3R2 Feb 15th 98,7 8,4 35,25 35,16

G3R3 Feb 15th 98,2 8,5 35,42