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MulticonductorLineModels
FromOpenElectrical

Contents
1 Introduction
2 NominalLine
3 DistributedParameterLine
4 References
5 RelatedTopics

Introduction
Singlephaseequivalentlinemodels(orpositivesequenceline
models)canbeusedquiteaccuratelyinthreephasesystemswhenthe
systemisbalancedandthelinesareperfectlytransposed.However,
whenunbalancedsystemsoruntransposedlinesarebeingstudied,
thesemodelsbreakdownandafullthreephasemulticonductormodel
isnecessary.

Considerthethreephase,singlecircuittowerlineinFigure1,which
showsthreephaseconductorsandanearthwire.Asegmentallengthof
thismulticonductorsystemcanberepresentedbytheequivalent
circuitinFigure2below:

Figure1.Threephase,singlecircuittower
line(imagecourtesyofWikipedia(http://e
n.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DSCI0402.JPG))

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Figure2.Circuitrepresentationofamulticonductorlinesegment

Wecanseethatinamulticonductorsystem,thereismutualcouplingbetweenthephaseconductors(a,bandc),
representedbytheshuntinductancesandcapacitances.Inthesinglephaseequivalentlinemodel,thesemutual
couplingsareignored.Notethattherecouldalsoberesistivecouplingbetweenphases,butisnotshowninFigure2
sinceresistivecouplingisnormallyassumedtobenegligibleinoverheadlines(i.e.shuntconductances=0).

Recallthatinthesinglephaseequivalentlinemodel,wehavesinglecomplexquantitiesfortheseriesimpedance
Z = R + jXL andshuntadmittanceY = G + jB oftheline.Butinthemulticonductorline,thesesingle

complexquantitiesarereplacedbyn n matrices,wherenisthenumberofconductorsinthesystem.

Forexample,thefourconductorsysteminFigure2hasthe4 4 impedancematrix:

Zaa Zab Zac | Zae

Zba Zbb Zbc | Zbe

[Z ] = Z Zcb Zcc | Zce

ca

|

Zea Zeb Zec | Zee

Andthe4 4 admittancematrix:

Y aa Y ab Y ac | Y ae

Y ba Y bb Y bc | Y be

[Y ] = Y Y cb Y cc | Y ce

ca

|

Y ea Y eb Y ec | Y ee

Sinceweassumethatundernormalconditions,theearthwireisatzeropotential(i.e.novoltagebetweentheearth
wireandneutral),wecanusetheKronreductiontoreducetheimpedanceandadmittancematricesfromn n to
3 3 matrices,i.e.

Zaa Z Zac
ab

[Z ] = Z Z Z
ba bb bc

Zca Z Zcc
cb

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5/1/2017 MulticonductorLineModelsOpenElectrical

Y aa Y Y ac
ab

[Y ] = Y Y Y

ba bb bc

Y ca Y Y cc
cb

WecallthesematricestheKronreducedimpedanceandadmittancematrices.

NominalLine
Themulticonductornominal linemodelshown
inFigure3isadirectsubstitutionofthe1 1
complexparametersinthesinglephasenominal
Linewithn n matrices.

IfweconsidertheKronreducedcase,[Z]and[Y]
are3 3 matricesasdescribedintheprevious
section.Thevoltagesandcurrentsare3 1
complexvectorsoftheform:

Vs,a I s,a

Vs = V ,I s = I , Figure3.Multiconductornominal linemodel
s,b s,b

Vs,c I s,c

Vr,a I r,a

Vr = Vr,b andI r = I
r,b

Vr,c I r,c

TheABCDparametersofthemulticonductornominal lineare:

[Z][Y ]
(I + ) [Z ]
Vs 2 Vr



=

[Z][Y ] [Z][Y ]
Is Ir
Y (I + ) (I + )
4 2

DistributedParameterLine
Refertothedistributedparametermodelarticleforthedetailedderivationofthemodel.

Inthesinglephaselinemodel,wesawthatitwaspossibletorepresentadistributedparameterlinemodelusing
thesameequivalentcircuitasthenominal model,butwithadjustedlineparametersZandY.Thiswascalledthe
equivalent modelandtheadjustedparameterscouldbecalculatedasfollows:

Z = Zc sinh(l)

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Y 1 l
= tanh( )
2 Zc 2

Where
= zy isthepropagationconstantm1

Howeverinthemulticonductorline,thepropagationconstantwouldbeamatrixoftheform:
1

[] = ([Z ][Y ]) 2

Thereisnostraightforwardmethodforcalculatingthehyperbolicsineandtangentfunctionsofamatrix(the
hyperbolicfunctionscanbeexpandedasaTaylorseries(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_function#Taylor
_series_expressions),butthisisstillnotparticularlyeasytocompute).Thisledtothedevelopmentofthemodal
transformation,whichisamethodfordecouplingthephasesoftheimpedanceandadmittancematrices.

TheABCDparametersofthemulticonductordistributedparameterlineare(inmodalform):

[cosh (l)] [Zc sinh (l)]
Vs Vr


=

1
Is [ sinh (l)] [cosh (l)] Ir
Zc

WhereVs ,I s ,Vr andI r aremodalsendingendandreceivingendvoltagesandcurrentsrespectively:

Vs0 I s0 Vr0 I r0

Vs

= V
s1
,
Is = I
s1
,Vr

= V
r1
and
Ir = I
r1


Vs2 I s2 Vr2 I r2

TheABCDparametersarediagonalsubmatricesoftheform:

cosh ( 0 x)

[cosh (l)] = cosh ( 1 x) ,

cosh ( 2 x)

Z0 sinh ( 0 x)

[Zc sinh (l)] = Z1 sinh ( 1 x)

Z2 sinh ( 2 x)

1
sinh ( 0 x)
Z0

1 1
[ sinh (l)] = sinh ( 1 x)
Z1
Zc
1
sinh ( 2 x)
Z2

Fordetailsonthederivationofthemodalequations,seethemaindistributedparametermodelarticle.

References

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5/1/2017 MulticonductorLineModelsOpenElectrical

[1]Wedepohl,L.M.,"Applicationofmatrixmethodstothesolutionoftravellingwavephenomenain
polyphasesystems(http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/piee.1963.0314)",ProceedingsoftheIEE,Vol.110(12),
1963

[2]Hedman,D.E.,"PropagationonOverheadTransmissionLinesITheoryofModalAnalysis(http://
dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPAS.1965.4766176)",IEEETransactionsonPowerApparatusandSystems,Vol
84(3),1965

RelatedTopics
OverheadLineModels
SinglePhaseLineModels
DistributedParameterLineModel

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Categories: Modelling/Analysis OverheadLines

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