Faris Izzuddin Nafiah

G1612405
Msc Mechatronics
Project 1
MCTE6212

Design the following Projects using appropriate sensors and actuators

a) Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different Sources: Solar, Mains,

Generator & Inverter to Ensure No Break Power
b) Automatic Irrigation System on Sensing Soil Moisture Content
c) Wireless Health Monitoring System for Patient
d) Remote Controlled Robotic Vehicle for Stores Management with Touch
Screen

Power Supply Control from 4 Sources

The objective of the project is to develop a control mechanism to automatically

control the power supply from four different sources, namely solar, mains,
generator as well as inverter, to ensure no break power.

To sense break power, sensing resistor can be used, connected in parallel to each
power supply. The threshold fault voltages are analysed for each power supply,
and the outputs of the sense resistors are connected to op-amp comparators
individually. The comparators compares the sensed voltage with the threshold
voltages of respective power supplies. Apart from comparing measured voltage
with the equivalent threshold fault voltage, the sense resistor can also be used to
measure sensed current, while being compared to equivalent threshold currents
for each power supply respectively.

Automatic Irrigation System on Sensing Soil Moisture Content

The system utilises the soil resistivity sensor in which two electrodes are placed
inside the coil where it measures how strong the soil resists the flow of electric
current supplied through them. The signal is then supplied through an op-amp
comparator which compares with the threshold value in which the moisture of
the soil is sufficient.

In order to automatically supply water to the irrigation area, a microcontroller is

then placed in between the sensing signal and the actuator, in this case, a motor.
The microcontroller monitors the condition of the coil where it supplies PWM
signal to the stepper motor in order to move the motor to allow for water
pumping. The sensor used in the system is the soil resistivity sensor while the
motor acts as an actuator.

Wireless Health Monitoring System for Patient

PN junction sensor, or a semiconductor based sensor, can be used as a

thermometer to to monitor the temperature of the patient. The output is
amplified and input into a microcontrollers ADC pin to read the temperature
sensed on the patient. This way, any changes in temperature of the patients
body can be monitored.

To wirelessly transmit the temperature to be displayed on an LCD screen, the

reading of the thermometer is transmitted through an RF module. The signal is
encoded in serial data and transmitted through radio frequency.

Remote Control Robotic Vehicle for Stores Management with Touch

Screen

The touch screen module can be developed by using capacitive sensor where it
detects the changes in the capacitance of the sensor, thus giving out signal. The
LCD screen can be equipped with the capacitive sensors underneath it, which
responds to corresponding actions touched on the screen by the user. Similar to
the desciption in the above system, microcontroller, which receives signal from
the LCD screen, can be used to encode serial data to be transmitted through
radio frequency. From this, it can wirelessly control the movement of the robot.