1. A closed system of mass 2 kg undergoes an adiabatic process.

The work done on the system

is 30 kJ. The velocity of the system changes from 3 m/s to 15 m/s. During the process, the
elevation of the system increases 45 meters. Determine the change in internal energy of the
system.

2. Steam at 1100 kPa and 92 percent quality is heated in a rigid container until the pressure is
2000 kPa. For a mass of 0.05 kg, calculate the amount of heat supply (in kJ) and the total
entropy change (in kJ/kg.K).

3. A rigid tank is divided into two equal parts by a partition. Initially one side of the tank
contains 5 kg water at 200 kPa and 25C, and the other side is evacuated. The partition is
then removed, and the water expands into the entire tank. The water is allowed to exchange
heat with its surroundings until the temperature in the tank returns to the initial value of
25C. Determine (a) the volume of the tank (b) the final pressure (c) the heat transfer for this
process.

4. Two tanks are connected by a valve. Tank A contains 2 kg of carbon monoxide gas at 77C and
0.7 bar. Tank B holds 8 kg of the same gas at 27C and 1.2 bar. Then the valve is opened and
the gases are allowed to mix while receiving energy via heat transfer from the surrounding.
The final equilibrium temperature is found to be 42C. Determine (a) the final pressure (b)
the amount of heat transfer. Also state your assumption. [P2=105
kPa, Q = +37.25 kJ]

5. A piston cylinder device contains 0.2 kg of water initially at 800 kPa and 0.06 m3. Now 200 kJ
of heat is transferred to the water while its pressure is held constant. Determine the final
temperature of the water. Also, show the process on a T-V diagram with respect to saturation
lines. [ 721.1oC]

6. A piston-cylinder device contains 6 kg of refrigerant-134a at 800 kPa and 50oC. The

refrigerant is now cooled at constant pressure until it exist as a liquid at 24oC. Show the
process on T-v diagram and determine the heat loss from the system. State any assumption
made. [1210.26 kJ]

7. A 0.5 m3 rigid tank contains refrigerant-134a initially at 200 kPa and 40 percent quality. Heat
is now transferred to the refrigerant until the pressure reaches 800 kPa. Determine (a) the
mass of the refrigerant in the tank and (b) the amount of heat transferred. Also, show the
process on a P-v diagram with respect to saturation lines. [12.3 kg, 2956.2 kJ

8. An insulated tank is divided into two parts by a partition. One part of the tank contains 6 kg
of an ideal gas at 50C and 800 kPa while the other part is evacuated. The partition is now
removed, and the gas expands to fill the entire tank. Determine the final temperature and
the pressure in the tank. [50C, 400 kPa]
9. Sketch a P-V diagram showing the following processes in a cycle
Process 1-2: isobaric work output of 10.5 kJ from an initial volume of 0.028
m3 and pressure 1.4 bar,
Process 2-3: isothermal compression, and
Process 3-1: isochoric heat transfer to its original volume of 0.028 m3 and
pressure 1.4 bar.
Calculate (a) the maximum volume in the cycle, in m3, (b) the isothermal work, in kJ, (c) the
net work, in kJ, and (d) the heat transfer during isobaric expansion, in kJ.

10. A fluid at 4.15 bar is expanded reversibly according to a law PV = constant to a pressure of
1.15 bar until it has a specific volume of 0.12 m3/kg. It is then cooled reversibly at a constant
pressure, then is cooled at constant volume until the pressure is 0.62 bar; and is then allowed
to compress reversibly according to a law PVn = constant back to the initial conditions. The
work done in the constant pressure is 0.525 kJ, and the mass of fluid present is 0.22 kg.
Calculate the value of n in the fourth process, the net work of the cycle and sketch the cycle
on a P-V diagram.

11. A mass of 0.15 kg of air is initially exists at 2 MPa and 350oC. The air is first expanded
isothermally to 500 kPa, then compressed polytropically with a polytropic exponent of 1.2 to
the initial state. Determine the boundary work for each process and the net work of the
cycle.

12. 0.078 kg of a carbon monoxide initially exists at 130 kPa and 120oC. The gas is then expanded
polytropically to a state of 100 kPa and 100oC. Sketch the P-V diagram for this process. Also
determine the value of n (index) and the boundary work done during this process.
[1.248,1.855 kJ]

13. A system contains 0.15 m3 of air pressure of 3.8 bars and 150 C. It is expanded adiabatically
till the pressure falls to 1.0 bar. The air is then heated at a constant pressure till its enthalpy
increases by 70 kJ. Sketch the process on a P-V diagram and determine the total work done.
Use cp=1.005 kJ/kg.K and cv=0.714 kJ/kg.K

14. Steam at 0.4 MPa, 300C, enters an adiabatic nozzle with a low velocity and leaves at 0.2 MPa
with a quality of 90%. Find the exit velocity.

15. Air at 10C and 80 kPa enters the diffuser of a jet engine steadily with a velocity of 200 m/s.
The inlet area of the diffuser is 0.4 m2. The air leaves the diffuser with a velocity that is very
small compared with the inlet velocity. Determine (a) the mass flow rate of the air and (b) the
temperature of the air leaving the diffuser.

16. The power output of an adiabatic steam turbine is 5 MW. Compare the magnitudes of h,
ke, and pe. Then determine the work done per unit mass of the steam flowing through the
turbine and calculate the mass flow rate of the steam.
Data : Inlet (P = 2 MPa, T = 400C,v = 50 m/s, z = 10 m)
Exit (P = 15 kPa, x = 90%, v = 180 m/s, z = 6m)
17. Air at 100 kPa and 280 K is compressed steadily to 600 kPa and 400 K. The mass flow rate of
the air is 0.02 kg/s, and a heat loss of 16 kJ/kg occurs during the process. Assuming the
changes in kinetic and potential energies are negligible, determine the necessary power input
to the compressor.
18.

19. Determine the saturated temperature, saturated pressure and enthalpy for water at specific
volume of saturated vapor at 10.02 m3/kg .

20. Determine the internal energy of refrigerant-134a at a temperature of 0C and a quality of

60%.

21. Consider the closed, rigid container of water as shown. The pressure is 700 kPa, the mass of
the saturated liquid is 1.78 kg, and the mass of the saturated vapor is 0.22 kg. Heat is added
to the water until the pressure increases to 8 MPa. Find the final temperature, enthalpy, and
internal energy of the wate

22. Four kg of water is placed in an enclosed volume of 1m3. Heat is added until the temperature
is 150C. Find ( a ) the pressure, ( b )the mass of vapor, and ( c ) the volume of the vapor.

23. A piston-cylinder device contains 0.1 m3 of liquid water and 0.9 m3 of water vapor in
equilibrium at 800 kPa. Heat is transferred at constant pressure until the temperature
reaches 350C.
(a) what is the initial temperature of the water,
(b) determine the total mass of the water,
(c) calculate the final volume, and
(d) show the process on a P-v diagram with respect to saturation lines.

24. For a specific volume of 0.2 m3/kg, find the quality of steam if the absolute pressure is (a) 40
kPa and ( b ) 630 kPa. What is the temperature of each case?

25. Water is contained in a rigid vessel of 5 m3 at a quality of 0.8 and a pressure of 2 MPa. If the a
pressure is reduced to 400 kPa by cooling the vessel, find the final mass of vapor mg and mass
of liquid mf.

26. An ideal gas is contained in a closed assembly with an initial pressure and temperature of 220
kPa and 700C respectively. If the volume of the system is increased 1.5 times and the
temperature drops to 150C, determine the final pressure of the gas.
27. A closed assembly contains 2 kg of air at an initial pressure and temperature of 140 kPa and
2100C respectively. If the volume of the system is doubled and temperature drops to 370C,
determine the final pressure of the air. Air can be modeled as an ideal gas.

28. An automobile tire with a volume of 0.6 m3 is inflated to a gage pressure of 200 kPa.
Calculate the mass of air in the tire if the temperature is 20C.

29. The pressure in an automobile tire depends on the temperature of the air in the tire. When
the air temperature is 25C, the pressure gage reads 210 kPa. If the volume of the tire is
0.025 m3, determine the pressure rise in the tire when the air temperature in the tire rises to
50C. Also, determine the amount of air that must be bled off to restore pressure to its
original value at this temperature. Assume the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa.
[ 26 kPa, 0.007 kg]

30. A 1-m3 tank containing air at 25C and 500 kPa is connected through a valve to another tank
containing 5 kg of air at 35C and 200 kPa. Now the valve is opened, and the entire system is
allowed to reach thermal equilibrium with the surroundings, which are at 20C. Determine
the volume of the second tank and the final equilibrium pressure of air.
[ 2.21 m3, 284.1 kPa]

31. A 1 m3 rigid tank has propane at 100 kPa, 300 K and connected by a valve to another tank of
0.5 m3 with propane at 250 kPa, 400 K. The valve is opened and the two tanks come to a
uniform state at 325 K. What is the final pressure? [ 139.9 kPa]

32. A cylindrical gas tank 1 m long, inside diameter of 20 cm, is evacuated and then filled with
carbon dioxide gas at 25C. To what pressure should it be charged if there should be 1.2 kg of
carbon dioxide? [ 2152 kPa