HUMAN AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

GEOGRAPHY - The study of the physical features of the earth and its
atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including
the distribution of populations and resources, land use, and industries.

IMPORTANT OF GEOGRAPHY - Geography is a focus within the curriculum for

understanding and resolving issues about the environment and sustainable
development. It is also an important link between the natural and social sciences.
As pupils study geography, they encounter different societies and cultures.

WHAT IS HUMAN AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY - Luckily, geography is split into

two main areas that make it easier to wrap your head around. Physical geography
looks at the natural processes of the Earth, such as climate and plate tectonics.
Human geography looks at the impact and behaviour of people and how they relate
to the physical world.

Some examples of human geography include cultural landscapes and

phenomena, such as language, music and art. Other things that are studied under
human geography include economic systems, governmental structures and the
study of globalization.

MAPS AND GLOBE

WHAT IS A GLOBE - globe is a three-dimensional, spherical, scale model of

Earth (terrestrial globe or geographical globe) or other celestial body such as a
planet or moon. ... The word globe comes from the Latin word globus, meaning
round mass or sphere.

WHAT IS MAP - a representation, usually on a flat surface, as of the features

of an area of the earth or a portion of the heavens, showing them in their respective
forms, sizes, and relationships

Both a map and a globe are pictures of a real place - the Earth (or part of it).

They often use similar colors and symbols, as you see if you compare the
map below to the globe above:
 There are other ways that maps and globes are similar:

Neither one can represent everything on Earth, so they must limit themselves
as to what they focus on. The above images focus on political divisions of the world.
Topological maps and globes, for example, look quite different.

The standard symbols of cartography (map-making) are used on both maps

and globes.

There are really only three differences between maps and globes:

A globe is a representation of the entire Earth. A map may be a world map

also, but we also have maps of smaller parts of the Earth. (We can also have globes
and maps of planets and stars and such. A 3d representation of outer space is
called an orrery.

Maps, being flat, distort distances over large areas. The actual Earth is pretty
close to being a sphere, so projecting that sphere onto a flat surface means that not
all parts of the map represent distances and areas accurately.

Most of the time, it is hard to fold up a globe to put in a purse, pocket, or

glove compartment. If you want to do that, get a globe like this one:

CLIMATE AND WEATHER

Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular place over a short

period of time, whereas climate refers to the weather pattern of a place over a long
period, long enough to yield meaningful averages. Meteorology studies weather,
while climatology studies climate; both are atmospheric sciences.

What described weather - Humidity, air temperature and pressure, wind

speed and direction, cloud cover and type, and the amount and form of precipitation
are all atmospheric characteristics of the momentary conditions we call weather.
The sun is ultimately responsible for the weather.
 What described Climate -Climate is the statistics of weather, usually over a
30-year interval. It is measured by assessing the patterns of variation in
temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation, atmospheric
particle count and other meteorological variables in a given region over long periods
of time. Temperature is a very important factor in determining the weather because
it influences or controls other elements of the weather, such as precipitation,
humidity, clouds and atmospheric pressure. Humidity is the amount of water vapor
in the atmosphere.

Importance of weather and Climate - There is increasing recognition that

climate has a central role in global economic and social sectors. Climate directly
affects the prosperity within of many sectors, such as insurance, agriculture, energy
and health. ... Societies have evolved by managing and adapting to climate and its
impacts. There are several elements that make up the weather and climate of a
place. The major of these elements are the following: temperature, pressure, wind,
humidity, and precipitation. Analysis of these elements can provide the basis for
forecasting weather and defining its climate.

Latitude and longitude

Latitude is an angle (defined below) which ranges from 0 at the Equator to

90 (North or South) at the poles. Lines of constant latitude, or parallels, run east
west as circles parallel to the equator. Latitude is used together with longitude to
specify the precise location of features on the surface of the Earth. Latitude is
distance north or south of the equator (an imaginary circle around the Earth halfway
between the North Pole and the South Pole) and longitude is distance east or west
of the prime meridian (an imaginary line running from north to south through
Greenwich, England).

The poles are the natural starting place for the graticule, a spherical grid of
latitude and longitude lines. Lines of longitude, called meridians, run in a north-
south direction from pole to pole. Longitude is the angular measurement of a place
east or west of the prime meridian.

The primary unit in which longitude and latitude are given is degrees ().
There are 360 of longitude (180 E 180 W) and 180 of latitude (90 N 90 S).
Each degree can be broken into 60 minutes ('). Each minute can be divided into 60
seconds

EQUADOR AND MERIDIAN

The Equator separates the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The Equator
is at 0 latitude. The Prime Meridian separates the Eastern and Western
Hemispheres. The Prime Meridian runs through Greenwich, England and is at 0
longitude.
 What are the meridian of longitude - Latitude is a measure of how far north or
south somewhere is from the Equator; longitude is a measure of how far east or
west it is from the Prime Meridian. Whilst lines (or parallels) of latitude all run
parallel to the Equator, lines (or meridians) of longitude all converge at the Earth's
North and South Poles.