Meaning and Grammar

An Introduction to Semantics
Gennaro Chierchia and Sally McConnell-Ginet

second edition

The MIT Press

Cambridge, Massachusetts
London, England
Contents

Preface ix
Preface to the Second Edition xiii

1 The Empirical Domain of Semantics 1

/ Introduction 1
2 General Constraints on Semantic Theory 6
3 Implication Relations 17
4 More Semantic Relations and Properties 33
5 Summary 52

2 Denotation, Truth, and Meaning 53

/ Introduction 53
2 Denotation 55
3 Truth 69
4 Problems 99

3 Quantification and Logical Form 113

/ Introduction 113
2 Quantification in English 147
3 Logical Form (If) 187

4 Speaking, Meaning, and Doing 195

/ Introduction 195
2 Expression Meaning and Speaker's Meaning 196
3 Sentential Force and Discourse Dynamics 212
4 Speech Acts 220
5 Conversational Implicature 239

5 Intensionality 257
/ Introduction 257
2 /PC: An Elementary Intensionai Logic 266
3 Some Intensionai Constructions in English 279
4 Problems with Belief Sentences 318
 Contents viii

6 Contexts: Indexicality, Discourse, and Presupposition 329

/ Introduction 329
2 Indexicals 330
3 Presuppositions and Contexts 349
4 Projecting Presuppositions Recursively 365

7 Lambda Abstraction 391

/ An Elementary Introduction to Lambda Abstraction 391
2 Semantics via Translation 398
3 VP Disjunction and Conjunction 407
4 Relative Clauses 415
5 VP Anaphora 420
6 Conclusions 429

8 Word Meaning 431

/ Introduction 431
2 Semantic Analysis of Words 436
3 Modifiers 458
4 More on Verbal Semantics 472
5 Semantic Imprecision 482

9 Generalized Quantifiers 501

/ The Semantic Value of NPs 501
2 PCGQandF4 507
3 Generalized Conjunction 511
4 Generalized Quantifiers and Empirical Properties of Language 517
5 Concluding Remarks 527

Appendix: Set-Theoretic Notation and Concepts 529

Notes 541
References 549
Index 559