Linear Circuit Analysis (ELEN-1100)

Lecture # 25: Natural response of source

free RLC circuits

Engr. Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher

Assistant Professor, EED
KFUEIT, Pakistan

https://twitter.com/EEDKFUEIT Learning Management System 10.1.0.6

Slide credits
Table on slide 10 is from the following book
Nilsson, J.W., 2008. Electric circuits. Pearson Education
India.
Table on slide 10 is from the following book
Mac Elwyn Van Valkenburg, 1955. Network analysis.
Prentice Hall.

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
2
Contents
Introduction
Source free RLC circuit
Summary : Natural response of 2nd order RLC
network
Natural response (Over damped response)
Natural response (Under damped response)
Natural response (Critically damped response)

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
3
Introduction
RLC circuits are second order circuits because the
order of derivative is second.
Series and parallel RLC circuits are analyzed to see
the

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
4
Source free RLC circuit
Consider a source free series RLC circuit
Target is to find i(t) for t0

Applying KVL

Where ,Vo is the initial voltage on Capacitor

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
5
Source free RLC circuit
Differentiating (1) w.r.t. time

Rearranging eq. (2)

The solution of equation (3) is of the form

Therefore, (3) can be rewritten as

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
6
Source free RLC circuit
Eq. (5) can be rewritten as

The term inside the parenthesis is a characteristic

equation.
In order to find the roots of this characteristic
equation , we can apply quadratic formulae.

Using (6) in (7)

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
7
Source free RLC circuit

Eq. (8) can be simplified as

We can define the quantities inside (9) as follows

Neper frequency in np/sec

Resonant radiant frequency in rad/sec

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
8
Source free RLC circuit
Using these definitions (9) can be restructured as

A term zeta defines the damping factor and is given

as follows.

To find natural response eq. (10) has 3 possibilities

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
9
Summary : Natural response of 2nd order N/W

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
10
Natural response [Over damped response]
Over damped response means
The roots are real and distinct.
Based on the solution given on slide 10.

To find the coefficients we have to find the initial

conditions

Response is a decaying exponential approaching to

zero as time increases
Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
11
Natural response [Under damped response]
Under damped response means
Roots are complex

Damped radian frequency

The solution is given in table 8.3

Evaluating coefficients

It is an exponential oscillating decaying function

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
12
Natural response [Critically damped response]
Critically damped response means
Roots are real and repeated
Using slide 10 the solution is as follows

Evaluating the coefficients

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
13
Example
Find i(t) if circuit shown below is in DC steady state
prior to opening a switch.
At t<0 the circuit is shown below

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
14
Example (cont..)
At t0

Because it is an under damped case.

Using table 3 given on slide 10

Eq.(12) solution required evaluating the coefficients

B1 and B2

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
15
Example (cont)

If we know then we can calculate B2.

To find we need to know the circuit at t=0+

Applying KVL

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
16
Example (cont..)
Therefore, B2=0.688
For t 0 eq.(12) becomes

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
17