IEEE584
The Three Phase Induction Motor as Generator
Hernndez Jhon
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National Polytechnic School, Quito, Ecuador
jhon.hernandez@epn.edu.ec
AbstractThis paper describes theoretically the
operation of the induction generator using the tree-phase
induction motor. However, the description is based on
doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) because these types
of machines are generally used in wind turbines which is the
main application of these generators and the existing
literature is based on these machines, so we will need
knowledge about wind turbines and their way of operating.
Also mentioned are the main characteristics that identify
these generators, the advantages and disadvantages within
their area of application, the operating principle and the
differences between these generators and the synchronous
generators. Even mathematical calculations are performed
that simulate the behavior of these machines and their
different parameters.
Index Terms Doubly fed induction generator; Wind
generation; sub-synchronous; super-synchronous.
I. INTRODUCTION
AMONG the types of electric motors, usually used in the
industrial sector and in large public infrastructures, this
option is represented by the thee-phase induction machine with
the rotor in squirrel cage. This is due to its great strength, good
power output ratio, existence of a wide range of powers,
simplicity in its construction and reduced price.
In addition to its function as motor, this machine also functions
as a generator (although generally in power lower than 100
KW), both in isolated mode of operation of the electricity
network and in distributed generation.
The use of induction machine as a generator is increasingly
popular for renewable sources, especially for large wind
systems. Reactive energy consumption and poor voltage
regulation at variable speed are the main drawbacks of
induction generators, but the development of static power
converters has facilitated the control of the output voltage of the
induction generator.
For an induction machine to function as a generator, the slip
must be negative which means that the rotor speed is greater
February 3, 2017
This work had the support of the Engineer Franklin Quilumba, in charge of
dictating the chair of the electrical machines in the semester 2016B.
1
than the speed of the stator field, this will be considered more
carefully during the development of the document in which we
will also include the following points to be treated.
The document is organized as follows; section one is about a
little introduction. Section two presents an overview of the
induction generator. Section tree is the classification of this type
of machines. In the section four and five there is theory about
the operation of a DFIG and its equivalent circuit. In the section
six and seven the behavior of a DFIG is observed when it is
connected to the network and when it operates with isolated
loads. Finally, there are some applications and examples of
these machines.
II. INDUCTION GENERATOR OVERVIEW
As mentioned earlier induction asynchronous generators are
not very useful due to their low efficiency compared to
synchronous generators, but today there are some applications
that need these generators, the most outstanding in the area of
wind generation. In Fig.1 we will basically observe what a
generator (wind) is:
Fig. 1. Mechanical energy to electrical energy.
Wind technology has improved with modern-day wind power
conversion systems. The generator forms the main link in the
conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Induction generators are commonly used in stories and
applications because of their main advantages such as reduced
unit cost, robustness, reduced size, ease of maintenance and
self-protection against severe overloads and short circuits.
Generally an induction generator is nothing more than an
induction motor with negative slip for which implies that a
sending power goes to the network or to the load, depending on
Hernandez Jhon is with the National Polytechnic School, Quito, Ecuador (e-
mail: jhon.hernandez@epn.edu.ec).
 IEEE584 2

the speed that the delivery of the sewing machine uses the phase winding also, copper or aluminum. On the rings support
generator more convenient. the brushes to remove these terminals to the outside and bring
them to the connection plate.[2]
Los generadores utilizados en los sistemas de conversin de
energa elica se pueden clasificar en dos tipos: generadores de
B. Rotor Squirrel Cage
velocidad fija basados en turbinas de viento y generadores de
velocidad ajustables.
In its installed form, it is a cylinder mounted on an axis.
Internally it contains longitudinal aluminum or copper
A. Generators of fixed speed conductor bars with grooves and connected together at both
ends by shorting the rings forming the cage.
These generators basically operate at constant speed. The
performance of speed wind turbines depends greatly on the The name is derived from the similarity between this cage of
characteristics of mechanical circuits. A rapid and strong rings and bars and the wheel of a hamster (probably similar
variation in the electrical output power of the FSG It is observed wheels exist for domestic squirrels). The rotor base is
when the system experiences strong wind gusts. The load constructed of a stacked iron rolling.[2]
variations not only require a rigid grid to allow stable operation,
but also require a robust mechanical design for the shock
absorber high mechanical stresses. This strategy leads to costly
mechanical construction, especially high power. A fixed speed
system, although simpler and more reliable, severely limits the
energy production of a wind turbine. Since there is no torque
control loop, the fluctuations in the generated power are
greater.[1]

B. Generators of adjustable speed

These generators have the advantage of operating a speed,

facilitating their operation at different wind speeds. Modern
system designs also incorporated the use of electronic devices
to work together with variable speed generators to maximize
output power at variable speeds, the primary improvement
compared to fixed speed systems. Nowadays the types of
generators of this type that are becoming increasingly popular
in variable speed wind turbines are the synchronous generator
and the DFIG.
III. CLASSIFICATION
Based on the construction of the rotor, the induction
generators are of two types (ie, the inductor generator of the
registered rotor and the induction generator of squirrel wood).
Depending on the primary motors used (constant speed or
variable variable) and their locations (near the power grid or in
isolated locations), it can be classified as:
I) Constant speed constant frequency (CSCF);
Ii) Variable speed constant frequency (VSCF);
Ii) Variable speed variable frequency (VSVF).
A. Winding Rotor
The winding rotor, as its name implies, carries coils that are
connected to sliding rings placed on the shaft, by means of
brushes the rotor is connected to resistors that can be varied
until the rotor is shorted. The winding rotor motors have the
same stator as the squirrel cage, but the rotor carries a three-
Fig. 2. Rotor types, winding rotor, rotor squirrel cage and the same stator.
C. Constant Rate Constant Frequency
In generator as its name indicates a constant speed and a
constant frequency, to obtain a constant speed mechanical and
electrical systems are used that make the machine speed no
more, however this induction generator can operate in a bar The
infinite bus Due to a constant frequency in a slip of 1% to 5%
above the synchronous speed. Induction generators are simpler
than synchronous generators. They are easier to operate, control
and maintain, have no synchronization problems, and are
inexpensive.
D. Variable-Speed Constant Frequency
The different speeds of the wind intervened in the creation of
these generators which the principle of operation are based on
making this generator a weight of the variations of the wind
speed without altering the frequency, Generator of these
generators of variable speed in the systems Wind power will
produce greater energy output for both wind and high wind
speeds. This results in increased machine performance on both
horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines.
E. Variable-Speed Variable Frequency
 IEEE584 3

This type of generators basically are similar to the previous
ones with the difference that the frequency can be adjusted
conveniently. This scheme is important for independent wind
energy applications.
IV. DOUBLY-FED WOUND ROTOR GENERATOR (
It is said that a doubly fed machine is only when the
induction machine both the rotor and the stator are connected to
separate alternating currents with different frequencies.
Cuando el rotor de un generador de heridas est conectado a
una fuente ER que tiene una frecuencia f2, el deslizamiento s =
f2 / f se fija automticamente. En consecuencia, la velocidad del
motor tambin se fija. De hecho, la mquina es un tipo especial
de la mquina sincrnica. En la Fig. 3, vemos que la potencia
Pm suministrada al eje sigue siendo dada por Pm = (1-f2 / f) *
Pr. Adems, la potencia elctrica suministrada por el rotor es de
nuevo Pr. Una porcin de esta potencia se disipa en La
resistencia del rotor, y el resto se alimenta a la fuente de ER.[1]
The double-fed induction motor you just described can
function as a generator. Everything you need to apply on the
axis that tends to increase the sub-synchronous or super-
synchronous speed. This causes the rotor poles to move slightly
past the stator poles.
The general objective of most of these generators has been to
provide a constant frequency output voltage of a variable speed
system. A dual feed induction generator (DFIG) can supply
power at constant voltage and constant frequency while its
rotating speed of the rotor varies. This represents an asset to
provide more flexibility in the power conversion and also a
better stability in the frequency and voltage control in the power
systems to which these generators are connected. A DFIG
consists of a coiled rotor induction generator stator windings
connected directly to the mains, three-phase load and the rotor
windings connected to a partial power converter (20-30%
nominal).
These generators use a bidirectional power converter, this
converter is no more than two conventional converters. Due to
the bidirectional power flow capacity of the inverter, the DFIG
can operate as a generator or motor either in sub-synchronous
form or in super-synchronous form. By neglecting the losses,
the power of the rotor driven by the converter can be
represented by using slip (s) as:
. (1)
(2)
1
And the mechanical power is represented as:
1
= + (3)

The greater the slippage, the greater the electrical energy

absorbed or supplied through the rotor. The modes of operation
and power signals of a DFIG in sub-synchronous and super-
synchronous models are given in Table 1.

TABLE I:
OPERATION MODES AND POWER SIGNS OF A DFIG

Slip Operation Pmech Pstator Protor

mode
0<s<1 Motor <0 <0 >0
(subsynchronous) Generator >0 >0 <0
s<0 Motor <0 <0 <0
(supersynchronous) Generator >0 >0 >0

Advantages of a double-fed generator over other generation

systems:

Due to their size these generators are less expensive.

Low component costs.
Increased efficiency of the system due to the low
capacity of the inverters, which means that the
converter losses are smaller.
Fig. 3. Power how in a doubly fed wound rotor induction generator in Power factor control can be implemented at lower
subsyncronous and supersyncronous. cost.
 IEEE584 4

The DFIG with an appropriate converter in the rotor Rs = stator resistance,

circuit allows the decoupled control of the active and Vr=rotor voltage,
reactive power of the generator. Rr=rotor resistance,
Is=stator current,
The use of a DFIG in a wind turbine not only improves wind Rm=magnetising resistance,
energy transfer efficiency, but also gives wind farms the ability Ir =rotor current,
to contribute significantly to the support and operation of the Ls =stator leakage inductance,
network with respect to voltage control, transient performance Irm=magnetising resistance current,
And damping. In addition, the DFIG can generate an output Lr=rotor leakage inductance,
power even twice its own rating at a slip value of s = -1. This w1=stator frequency,
makes the DFIG wind turbine system very flexible and
Lm=magnetising inductance and
appropriate. [3]
s=slip.
Double-fed brushless induction machines have two stator
windings, one squirrel cage rotor, the number of rods of this The slip is:
rotor plays an important role in the operation of the machine,
the more bars in the cage there is a High harmonic content 1 2
= = (7)
generated in the air gap flow producing high leakage. 1 1

The main advantage of this machine is that there are no brush Where wr=rotor speed and w2=slip frequency. Furthermore,
gears, which makes it suitable for marine wind turbine if the air-gap, stator and rotor fluxes are defined as:
applications where service costs are high and it is desirable to
avoid maintenance of the brush gear. = ( + + ) (8)
= . + ( + + ) = + (9)
= . + ( + + ) = + (10)
V. EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF AN INDUCCIN
GENERATOR DFIG Then, (4) y (6) become

Since the DFIG is an electrical machine, it can be represented = . + 1. (11)

electrically using the equivalent circuit shown in Fig. 4. This
= . + 1. (12)
equivalent circuit includes the losses of magnetization and is
valid for an equivalent phase in star (Y) and for calculations in 0 = . + 1. (13)
steady state. In the case where the DFIG is connected in delta
(D), the machine can still represent by this representation Y After determining the apparent and active power of the DFIG
equivalent.[4] through the stator and rotor circuits, you can determine the
mechanical power produced by this generator.

It is important to note that the equations of three-phase

machines are often transformed into direct and quadrature axes
to develop order models for specific applications, so higher
order models are used for studies that require a high degree
Accuracy. Lower-order models are used for simplicity and are
achieved after certain conditions and assumptions.[3]

Fig. 4. Equivalent circuit of an induction generator. VI. CONTROL METHODS USED IN AN INDUCTION GENERATOR
(DFIG).
The control methods of a DFIG generator are more
Applying Kirchhoffs voltage law in Fig. 5 and using = complicated than the control of a standard induction machine.
1. . = 1. gives the following equations As you know the highly unpredictable wind speed, which can
be irreparable for these generators without any control. Just as
= . + 1. . + 1. . ( + + ) (4) different electricity consumers can put the electrical system into
constant voltage by connecting various types of loads, all of
= + 1. . + 1. . ( + + ) (5) which can seriously affect the DFIG system if there are no

0 = . + 1. ( + + ) (6) proper controls in place.

Where: Nowadays, researchers have studied various types of DFIG

control systems for different environmental, electrical and
Vs = stator voltage,
mechanical conditions, as they have come to develop different
 IEEE584
control systems to handle the undesired disturbances that the
system may have. Among the best known are:
A. Step Control
The pitch control is a mechanical method of blade angle
control of the wind turbine. The amount of mechanical power
that a turbine can produce at steady state is given by:
1 power of the grid itself. In case of isolated system operation, the
= . . 2 . 3 . (, ) (14)
2 reactive power must be supplied from external sources such as
Where:
is the air density (kg / m3),
R is the radius of the sheet (m),
u is the wind speed (m / s),
Cp (, ) is the aerodynamic efficiency that depending on the
pitch angle and the tip speed.
As there is a specific generator speed, it produces the
maximum possible power at each wind speed. At low wind
speeds, the tilt angle is usually fixed. But at high wind speeds,
which exceeds the nominal generator power at 12 m / s, the
pitch control is enabled to limit the maximum output power to
equal the nominal power to protect the generator. Fig. 5 shows
us the step control.[5]
Fig. 5. Electric output of a generator at different wind speeds and torsion
speed characteristic.
B. Vector control
The vector control uses valid relations for dynamic states, not
only magnitude and frequency but also instantaneous positions
5
of Voltage, current and vectors of flow space. The vector
control provides the ability to allow separate control of the
active and reactive power of the generator.
For active and reactive power control: Although active power
is generally considered more important, reactive power is
equally responsible for the electrical behavior of a system. An
induction generator, such as DFIG, requires a reasonable
amount of reactive power for its operation. In the case of
systems connected to the grid, the generator obtains the reactive
external capacitors.[5]
C. Passivity control methods
A passivity-based controller is used to achieve stabilization
through energy balance. Therefore, the regulation of the power
in a system is achieved automatically. The use of the passivity
for the control of the mechanical speed of the induction motors
is realized by the control of the torque of the motor in the
terminals of the stator of the DFIG. This scheme uses the DFIG
rotor voltage as the control variable. This system is not well
known for its poor application.
D. Steering Wheel control
The inclusion of a flywheel in the control system of a DFIG is
not taken as a separate control system. In fact, in all systems
containing flywheels, the sole purpose is to serve as an energy
storage device by producing the spin thanks to its mass and its
high moment of inertia. As demand for local load increased, the
rotation energy of the flywheel was used to rotate the DFIG
generator to provide the additional power required and while
the power required by the local loads was less than the power
generated, the excess Energy generated was used to accelerate
the flywheel.
E. Control by Matrix Converters
This control is performed by converters which are adopted in
two-stage AC-DC-AC conversion systems for the DFIG rotor
circuit in which the generator-side converter can be a diode-
rectifier, a thyristor-rectifier or a voltage converter. But, the
utility side converter is often a unit of VSC. The main
shortcomings of this conventional two-stage AC-DC-AC
conversion unit are:
1. Large physical dimensions, high weight and excessive
volume, ie the DC capacitor or inductor,
2. The low reliability of the DC capacitor and
3. The poor power factor of the line and the harmonic
distortion in the line and machine currents, which are
severely restricted by the IEEE 519 Standard.
Although today many researchers have tried to solve these
deficiencies with the implementation of new converters such as
 IEEE584
AC-AC which have new technologies that unlike AC-DC-AC
converters provide a direct conversion of energy and a greater
efficiency.
F. Slider Mode control
The sliding mode control works by providing a payoff
between the conversion efficiency (maximum power) and the
torque swing smoothing. A wind turbine system to produce
maximum power at various wind speeds is intended to operate
near the maximum wind speed. Random fluctuations of wind,
different wind directions and tower shadow can produce high-
torque swings and ripples that could damage the drive train,
power electronics and generator is that point.
G. Direct Torque control
A direct torque control is the ability to directly control the
magnitude of the rotor flux coupling and the generator pair,
made possible by the appropriate selection of inverter switch
states. The resulting switching pattern restricts flow and torque
errors in the bands. For this type of control, torque and flow
feedback are used. The rotor flux is estimated using the rotor
and stator current vectors, while the final torque is estimated
using the estimated rotor flux and measured rotor currents.
VII. DFIG SYSTEMS CONNECTED
Any generator can be used independently or as most of it is
used connected to the network, for it we must meet some
requirements that guarantee its operation and a better
efficiency. Because of this many researchers have looked for
the best alternative to solve or reduce the main inconveniences
that were presented. We have two forms of connection that are:
A. Electrical Network
As we know the use of some components in our generator do
cause disturbances when connecting to the grid, so we have
designed systems that basically try to address the difficulties
faced by wind turbine systems connected to the grid. Since an
infinite bar can be affected by various disturbances such as
lightening, short circuits that cause voltage faults or
fluctuations. In addition, it is known that an infinite bar has a
fixed voltage and frequency level, therefore, to connect a wind
turbine to the grid, the synchronization has to be performed
which is the main problem in these generators. Such areas were
predominant and a solution to these problems has been
achieved.
With the increase of DFIG based wind farms, much research
has focused on the control and dynamic operation of the DFIG
system under unbalanced voltages and during network
imbalance. Stator current and voltage imbalances are reduced
by injecting compensation currents into the network using the
stator side converter. Unbalanced voltage differences have been
6
calculated by choosing certain current reference values in the
positive and negative sequence to keep the DC pair and voltage
stable during unbalanced losses.[6]
B. DFIG Systems Supplying Insulated Loads
A relatively small number of DFIG systems were found to
provide isolated or separate systems. This may be due to the
fact that in larger countries there are larger systems connected
to the network so research is more common in these areas.
However, for the smaller developing countries, it is very
possible to provide isolated settlements. It is therefore
appropriate to develop isolated electricity generation systems to
provide the local community with the much needed electricity.
Isolated DFIG systems have to be robust and must be set up
with very good control systems to operate the required loads.
This is due to the fact that normally there is only one generator
that supplies the settlement. Therefore, the type of loads that
consumers use greatly affects the performance of the entire
system.
To achieve a constant voltage and frequency in these
generators, the rotor has to be fed by a voltage phasor having a
frequency equal to the difference between the current velocity
and the synchronous speed. The isolated system could be used
for DFIG for aircraft applications.[6]
VIII. APLICATIONS OF THE DFIG
Because of its simplicity and small size per kilowatt of output
power, induction generators are also favored very strongly for
small windmills. Many commercial windmills are designed to
operate in parallel with large power systems, providing a
fraction of the total energy needs of the customer. In such an
operation, the power system can be relied upon for voltage and
frequency control, and static capacitors can be used for power
factor correction.
This section presents the most recognized areas of application
of DFIGs, such as: optimum power flow control, comparison of
stabilizing methods, power quality analysis (harmonics),
application of DFIG in hydroelectric systems, performance
analysis In steady state and transient, application of artificial
intelligent techniques in DFIG For the identification of the non-
linear model of the wind turbine, to estimate the power
generation of the wind turbine, for the automatic fault diagnosis
that processes the fault diagnosis in line In real time to analyze
and confirm the position and nature of the fault of the fusion
networks, among others. As we will notice the applications are
many and very interesting, for this we will need many more
knowledge to understand its operation, its implementation, its
importance and its objective. That is why we will not delve into
this topic.
This is an application of the DFIG: Adaptive fuzzy controller
for maximum wind energy extraction by Galdi, where a
 IEEE584
methodology to design an adaptive diffuse system for DFIG has
been proposed and tested, this diffuse control is used to improve
the dynamic behavior of DFIG, the effect of wind farms with
DFIG in Small signal stability, reactive power capacity of DFIG
using the yield capacity curve, autonomous power system for
wind turbines connected to the island or in distribution.[7]
With such high energy costs, energy recovery was an
important part of the economy of most industrial processes. The
induction generator is ideal for these applications because it
requires very little in the control or maintenance system.
IX. EXAMPLES
Example 1. - Consider the use of a 10 hp, 1760 r/min,
440 V, three-phase induction motor as an asynchronous
generator. The full-load current of the motor is 10 A and the
full-load power factor is 0.8.
Required capacitance per phase if capacitors are connected in
delta:
Apparent power S = 3 E* I = 1.73 440 10 = 7612 VA
Active power P = S cos = 7612 0.8 = 6090 W
Reactive power Q = (S2-P2) = 4567 VAR
For a machine to run as an asynchronous generator, capacitor
bank must supply minimum 4567 / 3 phases = 1523 VAR per
phase. Voltage per capacitor is 440 V because capacitors are
connected in delta.
Capacitive current Ic = Q/E = 1523/440 = 3.46 A
Capacitive reactance per phase Xc = E/Ic = 127
Minimum capacitance per phase:
C = 1 / (2**f*Xc) = 1 / (2 * 3.141 * 60 * 127) = 21 uF.
If the load also absorbs reactive power, capacitor bank must be
increased in size to compensate.
Prime mover speed should be used to generate frequency of
60 Hz:
Typically, slip should be similar to full-load value when
machine is running as motor, but negative (generator
operation):
If Ns = 1800, one can choose N=Ns+40 rpm
Required prime mover speed N = 1800 + 40 = 1840 rpm.
X. CONCLUSIONS
An induction machine can be used as a motor or as a generator,
this is defined by the speed of the rotor which if smaller than
the synchronous speed is a motor, but if we make the rotor
speed exceeds the synchronous speed we will have To the
machine running as a generator. These different speeds define
7
the sliding of the machine and therefore can be negative for
generator and positive for motor.
Due to the physical and constructive characteristics that make
up this machine, it is used more as a motor than as a generator.
However, today, induction generators are being used more
frequently in wind power systems, where it has been proven that
these types of generators are more efficient and cost-effective
than conventional ones. This is possible with a few
modifications of the system that guarantee the proper operation
and with the necessary requirements.
With this type of generators today is giving solution to a big
problem that have large wind generators, abrupt changes of
direction and wind speed. These changes greatly influence the
induction machine because it would directly affect the speed of
the rotor which as we mentioned above is the main one in
charge of functioning as a generator or as a rotor. This is why
we need the power electronics to ensure that the induction
machine functions as a generator, so we need the power
electronics to control the variables delivered by the generator as
required.
As time has progressed, different ways have been found to
control both the input and the output of the generator, each of
these solutions are linked to different measures that the
generators must meet according to some parameters that are
very representative for the Machine, such as location, type of
connection, size, construction of the machine. Etc.
REFERENCIES
[1] M. Velsquez and E. Andrs, Generador de induccin doblemente
alimentado (DFIG): aplicaciones con diversas fuentes de energas
renovables y comparacin con otras tecnologas, Repos. Acadmico -
Univ. Chile, 2013.
[2] Modeling and Analysis with Induction Generators, Third Edition, CRC
Press, 11-Dec-2014. [Online]. Available:
https://www.crcpress.com/Modeling-and-Analysis-with-Induction-
Generators-Third-Edition/Simoes-Farret/p/book/9781482244670.
[Accessed: 07-Feb-2017].
[3] Doubly Fed Induction Generators: Control for Wind Energy, CRC
Press, 10-Oct-2016. [Online]. Available:
https://www.crcpress.com/Doubly-Fed-Induction-Generators-Control-
for-Wind-Energy/Sanchez-Ruiz-Cruz/p/book/9781498745840.
[Accessed: 07-Feb-2017].
[4] J. A. B. Rodrigo, El Generador de Induccin Autoexcitado. Marcombo,
2010.
[5] CONTROL DE TENSION Y LVRT EN SISTEMAS DE
GENERACION ELICA USANDO GENERADORES DE
INDUCCIN DOBLEMENTE ALIMENTADOS (PDF Download
Available), in ResearchGate.
[6] ..:: EngeBook::.. - Mquinas Eltricas e Alguns Engenhos - Volume I -
Conceitos, Mquinas DC e Mquinas Estticas. [Online]. Available:
http://www.engebook.com/2/12799/Maquinas-Eletricas-e-Alguns-
Engenhos-Volume-I-Conceitos-Maquinas-DC-e-Maquinas-Estaticas.
[Accessed: 02-Feb-2017].
[7] Motores y mquinas elctricas - Marcombo, S.A. (ediciones tcnicas).
[Online]. Available: http://www.marcombo.com/Motores-y-maquinas-
electricas_isbn9788426717948.html. [Accessed: 08-Feb-2017].
 IEEE584 8

Hernndez. Jhon was born in

Tulcn, Carchi, Ecuador in 1992. He
is a bachelor in the specialty of
mathematical physicist. He
graduated from the national school
"Jos Julin Andrade" of the city of
San Gabriel. Currently studying at
the National Polytechnic School, in
the Faculty of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering attending the fifth semester of the
Electrical Engineering career. He then wants to continue
studying to share knowledge with new students.
.