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4.21 Mooring Locations and Pipeline Figure 4.21: Dredge Mooring Location and
Route Options 164 Pipeline Routes
4.21.1 General 164 Figure 4.22: Dredge Mooring Site Plan
4.21.2 Investigation into Mooring Sites 164 Figure 4.23: Luggage Point Wastewater Treatment
4.21.3 Mooring Site Assessment 166 Plant Outfall Channel Crossing
The following table provides a summary of the permanent works associated with the New Parallel Runway (NPR)
project and identies those aspects of the project that are relevant to the assessment of the Master Development
Plan (MDP) under section 91 (1) of the Airports Act.
01/19 runway (main runway); Constructing rapid exit taxiways from the NPR to
the parallel taxiway;
14/32 runway (cross runway);
Establishing new aireld lighting including
International Terminal building and apron; approach lighting;
Domestic Terminal building and apron; Constructing a new re station;
General Aviation area and apron; Constructing a road tunnel along Dryandra Road
Control tower and related facilities; under the link taxiway;
Airtrain link (Rail link from the Airport to the Constructing new aireld drainage;
Queensland Rail network). Installing new security fencing;
The NPR is part of Brisbane Airport Corporations Clearing and lling for the Future Aviation
(BAC) $1.5B investment in infrastructure that includes Facilities Area (FAFA); and
additional roads, aprons and terminal expansions.
Relocating power and utility services.
These projects will interact with the runway project
either through design or construction. Chapter A1 The construction methodology for each of these
described the other signicant projects that are elements is further described in Chapter A5
occurring at Brisbane Airport. Runway Construction.
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NEW PARALLEL RUNWAY DRAFT EIS/MDP NEW PARALLEL RUNWAY DRAFT EIS/MDP A4-129
FOR PUBLIC COMMENT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT
Figure 4.3: Proposed New Parallel Runway Infrastructure.
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A4-130 NEW PARALLEL RUNWAY DRAFT EIS/MDP NEW PARALLEL RUNWAY DRAFT EIS/MDP
FOR PUBLIC COMMENT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT
01/19 runway (refer Figure 4.3). The proposed The design was undertaken in four distinct phases:
conguration of the rapid exit taxiways was
Scoping;
rationalised during the design process in recognition
of the anticipated operating modes. Investigations and modelling;
The preliminary design of the runway was The works for the Draft EIS/MDP commission
undertaken (initially pre-EIS/MDP works) to commenced during the development of the
provide the basis for assessment of impacts in the preliminary design, allowing information from the
Draft EIS/MDP and to establish the estimated cost Draft EIS/MDP investigations to be used to inform
for project construction. and improve the preliminary design of the project.
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NEW PARALLEL RUNWAY DRAFT EIS/MDP NEW PARALLEL RUNWAY DRAFT EIS/MDP A4-135
FOR PUBLIC COMMENT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT
4.6.7 Rapid Exit Taxiways currently service both international and domestic
aircraft movements:
Rapid Exit Taxiways (RET) increase overall runway
efciency by allowing arriving aircraft to exit the The main runway is 3,560 m long and 45 m wide
runway quickly. The geometry of the RET, typically and is sufcient for large, wide bodied aircraft
angled at 45 degrees to the runway, allows aircraft (01/19 runway); and
to exit the runway while travelling at greater speed,
The minor runway is 1,760 m long and 30 m
reducing the occupancy time on the runway.
wide and is suitable for a limited range of aircraft
Four RETs are included in the taxiway system of the (14/32 runway).
NPR project. Three are suitable for aircraft arriving
At present, aircraft operations on the minor runway
from the north (19R landing mode) and one suitable
(14/32) are restricted by its length and the strength
for aircraft arriving from the south (01L landing mode)
and condition of the existing runway pavement.
(refer Figure 4.6). These are located to take into
The operational restriction is dened in terms of
account the preferred operating mode of the new
an aircraft weight limit. The current aircraft weight
runway and different aircraft types in both wet and
restriction limits the 14/32 runway operation to small
dry conditions:
aircraft, with a maximum weight limit of 56 tonnes.
The rst RET (19R landing mode) is designed to
suit turboprops on a wet runway; 4.6.10 Converting 14/32 Runway into a
Taxiway
The second RET (19R landing mode) is designed
to suit domestic jets on a dry runway; Construction and operation of the new runway
requires the existing 14/32 runway to be converted
The third RET (19R landing mode) is designed into a Code F taxiway that links the northern end
to suit long haul wide body jets on a dry (19R) of the NPR system to the northern end
runway (which also coincides with wet runway (19L) of the existing major runway. Converting
requirements for domestic jet operations); and the existing 14/32 runway into a taxiway requires
pavement strengthening and changing the geometry
The fourth RET (01L landing mode) is designed
of the existing formation. The construction work
to suit long haul wide body jets on a dry runway
proposed includes:
and domestic jet operations on a wet runway.
Relocating services at the site;
4.6.8 Link Taxiway
Ground treatment at the northern end of the
To enable an efcient connection between the runway (including vacuum consolidation);
new runway and existing runway, a link taxiway
is proposed. The proposed link is a dual link Installation of drainage culverts beneath the
taxiway that will allow for future connections into an runway;
expanded domestic terminal apron. Incorporated
A protection structure for the dredge pipeline
into the design of the link taxiway is the allowance
beneath taxiway links Alpha and Bravo;
for a road tunnel which passes under the link
taxiway and provides access from the domestic Pavement construction and earthworks to the
terminal precinct and into the General Aviation area anks; and
and Future Aviation Facilities Area (FAFA). The
vertical alignment of the link taxiway accounts for Aerodrome ground lighting.
the tunnel beneath it with a slight vertical curve.
Constructing the required improvements requires
the closure of the 14/32 runway for up to
4.6.9 Existing 14/32 Runway
24 months, during which time all air trafc will be
The existing aireld comprises two runways and required to use the major runway (01/19).
connecting parallel taxiways. The two runways
A key characteristic from the geotechnical Generally, it is desirable for a construction technique
investigations that inuences the design is the level to be employed that maximises the primary
or depth of the compressible materials. As part settlement and minimises the secondary settlement.
of the investigation, the depth of the compressible Once the project is constructed, excessive
materials was mapped across the site (refer secondary settlement is difcult to manage and
Chapter B3). The investigations indicate that there can result in excessive maintenance. The total
is a deep relict channel lled with compressible settlement experienced on any site is a function
materials to the east of the proposed runway. of the subsurface conditions while the secondary
The channel can be traced to the north, adjacent settlement is a function of the ground treatment
the end of the existing 14/32 runway. employed during construction.
The depth of soft material in the inlled channel BAC requested that the design adopt a construction
is typically greater than 30 m. The conditions are technique with a target secondary settlement of
similar to those encountered on the International 100 mm. To address this requirement, a number of
Terminal building project where old deep, inlled construction techniques were investigated, including:
channels were managed through the design and
Preloading lling the site to a predetermined
construction of the terminal building and apron.
level and allowing the ground to settle to the
The ground conditions on the existing runway site
nominated design level over a period of time;
are slightly different to those encountered on the
new runway site. The existing runway site does Surcharging surcharging involves lling the site
have areas of soft inlled material but does not have to a greater level than the nal level and allowing
channels to such depth. the surcharge to remain for a predetermined
period, while allowing the site to settle; and
4.8.4 Engineering Design Considerations
Surcharging with wick drains as above with
Factors considered in the engineering design of the the addition of vertical wick drains that aim to
ground treatment and lling of the site include: accelerate the consolidation process by providing
improved subsurface drainage.
Consolidation of the subsurface lls;
In addition to these construction techniques, a
Filling program or construction method; and
more aggressive consolidation technique, vacuum
Final settlement (secondary settlement) while consolidation, was investigated for use in areas with
in use. particularly deep subsurface channels. Vacuum
consolidation involves the application of a vacuum
Consolidation of subsurface soils occurs when pressure to vertical wick drains to further accelerate
the ground water trapped in the subsurface soils the consolidation process. The use of vacuum
is squeezed out in response to increased surface consolidation is warranted where consolidation is
loading. This process is particularly relevant to the required quickly and the other measures investigated
new runway project site where the consolidation of cannot deliver the settlement in a timely manner.
the soft, wet materials contained within the deep
subsurface channels is required as part of the Once complete, each of these ground treatments
construction process. The evidence of consolidation aims to accelerate the primary settlement of the site.
occurring during construction is the lowering of the Further, it is possible for each of these options to be
ground surface level commonly called settlement. used on different parts of the site, dependent upon
Settlement generally occurs in two phases: the ground conditions. Each of the consolidation
Detention storage and vegetated buffer areas; and The size, location and geometry of the proposed
taxiway and runway.
Hydraulic structures.
The domestic terminal precinct and general aviation
The site of the NPR is currently extensively modied area generally drain towards the runway site through
from its original condition, although it remains a series of culvert outfalls. During construction
undeveloped. The site does not include an and during the operation of the NPR, drainage to
engineered drainage system, but includes a number existing facilities must be maintained at all times.
of remnant and modied tidal channels that drain The locations and size of drainage outfalls informed
the existing Airport development and the ood the locations of the major tidal drainage channels.
waters that inundate the site from the Kedron Brook
drainage system. The NPR will be located in areas of poor soil
conditions that will be subject to signicant post-
4.9.1 Major Tidal Channels construction settlement (refer Chapter B3 Geology
and Soils). Use of drainage structures beneath the
The Kedron Brook Floodway Drain and Serpentine
NPR, in areas where high settlements are expected,
Inlet Drains are major tidal channels that will be
is likely to cause unacceptable surface undulations
constructed in association with the NPR project.
along the runway as the soft, compressible natural
These major tidal channels provide ooding
material settles away from any rigid drainage
immunity to the NPR and maintain existing ooding
structures. In addition to geotechnical constraints,
immunity to existing infrastructure, reduce the
the provision of the 150 m wide runway strip (refer
impact of the NPR on regional ooding on- and
section 4.6.5) requires the installation of very long
off-Airport, and enhance the environmental amenity
cross runway culverts which would prove difcult
of the new runway project.
to maintain and may prove difcult to secure.
Accordingly, cross-runway drainage is not proposed.
The Kedron Brook Floodway Drain (refer The location of Serpentine Inlet Drain was
Figure 4.9a) is located at the southern end of the selected following investigation into the likely
NPR. The alignment of the drain is from west of outfall of operational stormwater, construction
the existing domestic terminal building, around the stormwater and supernatant from the new runway
southern end of the NPR, joining Kedron Brook site combined with the constraints placed upon
Floodway opposite Nudgee Golf Course. Kedron drainage by the runway geometry and geotechnical
Brook Floodway Drain is needed to: constraints (refer section 5.9.1.1). The Serpentine
Inlet Drain (refer Figure 4.9a) is located alongside
Divert the existing Landers Pocket Drain from
the existing remnant channel entering Serpentine
entering the NPR site; Inlet at the northern end of the Airport. Based upon
Intercept regional overland ow that travels surveys of the Airport site prior to development,
through the area between Airport Drive and the Serpentine Inlet Drain is proposed in a similar
Kedron Brook Floodway during large regional location to the original Serpentine Inlet Creek
ood events (refer Chapter B7); and mouth, which was severed by the construction
of the existing runway. On the southern side of
Provide a discharge location for existing Airport Serpentine Inlet and at the outlet to the existing
drainage that currently discharges into the airside drain, is a deeper channel from Serpentine
Landers Pocket Drain, Serpentine Creek and Inlet out into Bramble Bay. Apart from this deeper
Jacksons Creek system, and for drainage from channel, the remainder of the Inlet is relatively at
the southern end of the NPR. and shallow and with large areas exposed at low
tide. Immediately adjacent to the proposed drain
The alignment of Kedron Brook Floodway Drain
outlet is a series of sand bars that provide habitat
places the channel as far north as practicable to
to mangroves and other marine plants. Parts of
minimise the total footprint of the NPR project,
these sand bars are elevated above normal tidal
while allowing for the full 3,600 m NPR length and
range. A small stormwater channel discharges from
associated Runway End Safety Areas (RESA).
the existing re ghting training area to Serpentine
The lower end of Kedron Brook Floodway Drain
Inlet, parallel to the proposed Serpentine Inlet
skirts the new runway end to its conuence with
Drain. This small, existing channel is well vegetated
Kedron Brook Floodway to avoid encroaching on
with mangroves and will be maintained throughout
Lewins Rail habitat located to the south of the NPR
construction of the Serpentine Inlet drain. The
(refer Chapter B5 Terrestrial and Marine Ecology).
proposed Serpentine Inlet Drain will terminate
By locating the Kedron Brook Floodway Drain
at the existing shoreline and outlet at about the
adjacent the runway end, the drain can be used
same invert level as the intertidal ats that make
as a discharge for the supernatant water from the
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NEW PARALLEL RUNWAY DRAFT EIS/MDP NEW PARALLEL RUNWAY DRAFT EIS/MDP A4-146
FOR PUBLIC COMMENT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT
up the Inlet. Further excavation of the Serpentine from the channel invert level to top of bank. The
Inlet Drain into the intertidal ats at its outlet will bank slopes of the channels have rock protection to
not improve the efciency of the drainage and will reduce scour of bank materials and promote bank
further disturb the Inlet and modify existing habitats. stabilisation. The rock protection has a 1 m toe
On this basis, additional excavation at the outlet is extended into the channel bed to provide a dened
avoided in the proposed design. channel prole.
The channel alignment is from the east of the existing The bed of the major tidal channels includes
14/32 runway to Serpentine Inlet and is needed to structural lining (rock protection) around the outlet
provide a discharge location for existing drainage and downstream of the outlet from the sediment
catchments of the general aviation areas at the ponds used during construction (refer section 4.24).
northern part of the site that currently discharge to The lining of major tidal channels will minimise the
the Serpentine and Jacksons Creek systems and to scour of bed material in the tidal channels that
provide a discharge point for drainage of the northern may potentially result from extended release of
end of the NPR (refer Figure 4.9a). The Serpentine supernatant water from the sediment ponds. Tidal
Inlet Drain is sized to account for future development ow and stormwater ow will not cause appreciable
within the FAFA and is sufcient to cater for large scour in the major tidal channels, and the channels
storm event runoff from this area. The Serpentine Inlet will remain unlined upstream of the outlet from the
Drain is designed to be a low energy environment with sediment ponds.
low ow velocities to minimise bed and bank scour.
The drain outlet, if required, will also be provided with The Kedron Brook Floodway Drain and Serpentine
a diffuser structure to reduce ow velocities entering Inlet major tidal channels include 10 m wide
Serpentine Inlet to ensure that impacts on ora and benches above the channel invert level for
fauna living in Serpentine Inlet are minimised (refer to establishment of mangrove communities. The
Chapter B5 Terrestrial and Marine Ecology). mangrove benches assist in stabilisation of the
tidal channels and incorporate environmental
4.9.1.4 Major Tidal Drain Geometry amenity. Mangrove benches are designed between
elevations of 1.5 m and 2.0 m (Airport Datum),
The low elevation and at topography of the NPR
known to be suitable for Grey Mangrove and River
site and the tidal characteristics of the drainage
Mangrove colonisation. The rock protection applied
receiving waters place a constraint on the invert level
to the channel banks will assist in controlling the
of Kedron Brook Floodway Drain and Serpentine
colonisation of mangroves on the channel banks
Inlet Drain. In addition, the invert levels of existing
and in the invert, required for the hydraulic capacity
drainage from the Airport development places
of the channel.
a constraint on the inverts of any new drainage
channels. As a result, the invert level of each drain 4.9.2 Secondary Channels
needs to be below mean sea level, and will therefore
be tidally inuenced during the normal tidal cycle. A number of secondary channels are used to
The invert levels of the two major tidal channels connect local drainage from existing Airport
have been designed at approximately Mean Low developments and the NPR project to either of
Water Neap (MLWN) level (0.545 m Airport Datum) the two major tidal channels. The secondary tidal
to promote tidal ows within the waterways that channels (refer Figure 4.9a) are required to provide
can support ecosystem function. Localised a number of functions in the drainage system,
channel deepening occurs upstream of the outlet including:
of each channel to provide hydraulic stability at
Connecting local non-tidal drainage branches to
the conuence of the drains and the receiving
major tidal channels; and
environments.
Providing stormwater treatment function through
The geometry of the major tidal channels is shown in
the ltration action provided by the vegetated
Figure 4.9b. The channels have a 30 m wide base
channel lining.
width, with approximately 15 degree bank slopes
H.A.T H.A.T
RL 2.425 RL 2.425
RL 2.000 RIPRAP PROTECTION RIPRAP PROTECTION RL 2.000
1 1
4 RL 1.500 RL 1.500 4
1 1
4 4
TIDAL CHANNELS
Figure 4.9b: Typical Drainage Channel Details.
1 5.0% 5.0% 1
4 4
0 1 2m
The secondary channels are typically short Providing drainage for future Airport
sections of tidally inuenced channel connecting developments; and
the local non-tidal drainage branches to major tidal
channels. The secondary channels commence Providing stormwater treatment function
at the downstream side of the tidal control gates through the ltration action provided by the
(refer section 4.9.5), and have a bed level between grass channel lining.
approximately 1 m at the upstream end and The geometry of local non-tidal channels is based
0.545 m (Airport Datum) at the downstream end on hydraulic requirements of local catchments and
(connecting to the major tidal channels). The non- varies according to the local catchment discharge.
tidal local channels join the secondary channels at Trapezoidal geometry is used throughout the minor
the upstream end. drainage system, and the base width is varied
The geometry of secondary channels forms a to accommodate ow. Toward the lower end of
transition between the local non-tidal upstream minor drainage channels, small low ow inverts
channels and the major tidal channels downstream are designed within larger trapezoidal channels to
and is based on providing the hydraulic capacity maintain ow velocities above siltation velocity but
for drainage of existing Airport infrastructure, the below scour velocity.
new runway and future Airport development. The Local non-tidal channels are grass lined to provide
secondary channels include mangrove benches treatment of stormwater through ltration of
similar to those featured in the major tidal channels, solid particles and particle-bound contaminants.
although the bench width is reduced (typically 5 m). Signicant ow length through the grass lined
These benches extend upstream in the secondary drains provides signicant treatment potential for
channels until the channel bank level exceeds stormwater pollution.
approximately 2 m (AD).
4.9.4 Detention Storage and Vegetated
4.9.3 Local Non-Tidal Channels Buffer
Development of the new runway requires The drainage system around the NPR, includes
construction of an engineered drainage system to detention storage between the runway and taxiway
provide rapid and effective drainage of runway and pavements and within the footprint of the NPR
taxiway infrastructure. Local non-tidal drainage and taxiway system (refer Figure 4.9a). These
channels are used for drainage of the runway and areas form large basins that are used for temporary
taxiway area and for drainage of existing facilities that storage of stormwater runoff during rainfall events.
currently drain through the site of the new runway. Discharge of runoff from the storage basins is
Local non-tidal drainage channels are used controlled by culvert structures that pass beneath
throughout the NPR project as collector drains the taxiway pavements to the local non-tidal
for secondary channels and ultimately major drainage channels.
tidal channels. Local non-tidal channels (refer Detention of stormwater reduces the peak discharge
Figure 4.9b) have a number of functions that from the runway and taxiway area which reduces
include: hydraulic impact on downstream waterways, including
Providing direct drainage of local catchments the receiving waters at Kedron Brook Floodway and
associated with the NPR project; Serpentine Inlet. Use of runoff storage between
runway and taxiway pavements is consistent with the
Providing drainage of existing drainage drainage scheme of the existing 01/19 runway.
catchments that drain to the Landers Pocket
Drain, Serpentine Creek and Jacksons Creek
systems;
4.9.6.3 Local Non-Tidal Channels In addition to the Northern Access Road, current
Airport planning includes an extension of the Domestic
Local non-tidal channels are grass lined to provide Terminal apron (to the north of the existing domestic
treatment of stormwater through ltration of solid terminal apron). Long term development of Brisbane
particles and particle-bound contaminants. The Airport includes a new apron and terminal located
sand material that will be used for the reclamation west of the existing domestic terminal building.
lling will also allow inltration to occur during the
period that the local non-tidal channels are owing To suit the apron layout and the car parking and road
with water. Flow length through these grass lined network necessary to support an additional western
drains provides adequate treatment potential for the terminal building and apron, the alignment of Dryandra
management of any stormwater pollution. Road must be moved further to the west. Refer to
Figure 4.3 for the alignment of Dryandra Road.
It should also be noted that the hydraulic gates
(ood aps) will control the discharge from the local 4.10.3 Future Land Use and Demand
non-tidal channels. This will potentially mean that
small events may not have sufcient ow to open The construction of the NPR involves the
the hydraulic gates (ood aps). This will result in construction of a major link taxiway between the
water ponding for short periods in the local non-tidal existing runway and the new runway. The link
channels and will maximise the inltration treatment of taxiway will enable taxiing aircraft to move from
these systems. the new runway to the existing domestic terminal
while providing for future growth of the domestic
terminal precinct. A large area of the runway site is
4.10 Dryandra Road Tunnel allocated for future aviation facilities. The FAFA area
is bordered by the link taxiway, general aviation area
and 14/32 runway and new runway, and may include
4.10.1 Existing Dryandra Road
long term aviation related developments including:
Dryandra Road is a two lane road that links the
Long term passenger terminal facilities;
existing general aviation area with the domestic
terminal precinct. It provides access to a number of Long term major aircraft maintenance facilities; and
commercial operations along its length, namely a large
area occupied by rental car companies to the north General aviation facilities.
The high ground water table in the area of the 4.10.4.2 Adopted Design
proposed tunnel requires careful assessment
Although there are opportunities for staging some
of the buoyant forces on the tunnel that will act
infrastructure required for the runway project there
on the tunnel oor and try to force the structure
are few opportunities to stage the construction of
out of the ground. The tunnel requires sufcient
the tunnel structure. The rst stage of the Dryandra
structural mass to resist the buoyant forces, which
Road tunnel will include:
is particularly critical on the approach ramps to
the tunnel where there is no tunnel roof. On the Sufcient length to accommodate both north and
approach ramps, ground anchors that hold the south taxiways that comprise the ultimate link
tunnel down were considered. taxiway; and
The approach lights themselves are directional Runway edge, centreline and thresholds;
lights and are directed into the ight path of the
Lead on lights and sensing loops;
approaching aircraft. The lights will generally not be
visible from the land. The lights are connected to Taxiway centreline and edge lights;
the aireld lighting control system and are provided
with a main power supply and supplementary power Stop bars and runway guard lights; and
supply in case of emergency. Movement Area Guidance Signs (MAGS).
The installation of approach lighting may not be The majority of these lights are located either in the
required as improvements in technology relating to pavement (i.e. taxiway centreline lighting) or close
aviation navigation advance.
The control system that controls the lighting will be A new seawall will be constructed east of the
operated out of two Aerodrome Lighting Equipment Cribb Island Jetty to the mouth of Serpentine Inlet
Rooms (ALERs). These rooms house the control during construction of the NPR (refer Figure 4.3).
equipment, power facilities and standby power The seawall will prevent erosion of existing sand ll
facilities required to operate the ground lighting materials placed during construction of the current
and the approach lighting. The ALERs are located Brisbane Airport infrastructure and protect the
adjacent the northern and southern ends of the NPR from erosion caused by wave and tide action.
new runway. Each ALER is air-conditioned and
is expected to have a maximum electrical load 4.14.2 Proposed Seawall Alignment and
requirement of 800 kVA, of which 500 kVA is Construction
required to run the control equipment.
The alignment of the new eastern seawall follows
4.13.4 Construction Staging the alignment of the existing rubble seawall from the
Cribb Island Jetty to the mouth of Serpentine Inlet, a
The lighting design adopted during the preliminary distance of approximately 1.5 km.
design is consistent with the current best practice
for aireld lighting. It may be necessary to adjust the The seawall is a graded rock structure, placed on
lighting design at the time of construction to reect geotextile over the existing ground. The crest of
current CASA or ICAO practices. In addition, it may the seawall will be constructed to approximately
be possible to stage construction of the lighting 3.6 m (AD) to provide protection of the NPR and
system with some associated modications to the existing infrastructure during storm tide events.
operation of the aireld. Assessment of the existing rock materials undertaken
during preliminary design showed the rock materials
4.14 Seawall of the existing seawall would be unsuitable for use in
construction of the new seawall. Quarried rock will
be used for construction of the new seawall, and the
4.14.1 Existing Conditions existing seawall materials will be used as ll in other
parts of the NPR construction (following removal of
The northern boundary of Brisbane Airport coincides
steel scrap and concrete rubble contaminants).
with the western shoreline of Moreton Bay. At a
point along the shoreline approximately north-west
of the NPR centreline, the remnant Cribb Island 4.15 Rescue and Fire Fighting
Jetty forms a structural divide between eastern Services
and western parts of the shoreline boundary. The
eastern part of the shoreline boundary is located
very close to the northern extent of the NPR. A new rescue and re ghting facility will be located
adjacent the midway point of the 3,600 m runway,
The existing seawall to the east of the Cribb Island in the FAFA (refer Figure 4.3). The new runway
Jetty is roughly constructed from dumped rubble, requires a dedicated re station in order to comply
and currently provides minimal protection of aviation with the required response time to an emergency on
infrastructure from erosion caused by wave and the new runway of three minutes (CASA). The re
tide effects. BAC has undertaken monitoring of the station will provide car parking facilities for staff and
existing seawall and has identied some erosion have public access to the back of the re station.
to the east of the Cribb Island Jetty. The existing
seawall does not provide a geotextile layer between Existing and proposed response procedures are
the sand ll materials of Brisbane Airport and the discussed in Chapter D8.
4.19.1 Introduction
4.18 Temporary Works
Introduction Dredging describes the operation of extracting
materials from the ocean/river bed and recovering
the material for another purpose. Dredging is
In addition to the permanent works required for
currently used routinely in the greater Brisbane
the operation of the NPR, signicant temporary
area for varied tasks including extracting material
infrastructure is required to enable the construction
from Moreton Bay for use in construction and for
of the project. As the project will be constructed
maintenance/deepening of existing channels leading
using a dredge to supply ll material, the majority of
to the Port of Brisbane. There are a number of
temporary infrastructure for the project is centred
different dredging methods that can be applied,
around the dredge and the reclamation process.
depending upon the size of the project and the
To enable the construction of the project, the constraints under which the dredge can work,
successful contractor will provide all necessary including operational, environmental and
infrastructure, including any temporary structures or economic constraints.
works. The design and detail of the temporary works
The dredging industry is a specialised industry that
is dependent upon the contractors construction
is predominantly based overseas in South East Asia,
technique and proposed methodology and
the Middle East and Europe. Most of the major
specically for this project, the type, style and size of
dredging contractors have carried out work in
the dredge proposed to undertake the reclamation.
Australia previously and some maintain marketing
Specically, to enable construction, the contractor ofces in Australia and specically in Brisbane. The
will require: international market for dredging work is buoyant
with large projects in the Middle East (specically
Suitable dredging footprint for extracting 15 Mm3 Dubai) and Singapore presently accounting for
of material for construction; signicant numbers of the international dredging
eet. The Brisbane Airport project will compete
Dredge mooring suitable for the dredge to moor
against these international projects to secure a
while pumping sand on the site;
suitable dredge to carry out this project.
Dredge pipeline to carry sand material from the
An assessment of the dredging work methods
dredge (moored) to the reclamation site;
was undertaken to establish the most likely
All temporary structures required to support the dredge method for the new runway project.
dredge pipeline; and The assessment also includes an assessment
of the dredging plant that might be available
Large settlement ponds on the site to manage within the proposed construction timeframes
the supernatant water that is delivered to the site (refer Chapter A5) to complete the project. This
during the reclamation process. assessment of dredging plant informs the design of
all temporary infrastructure required to support the
This section outlines the likely designs of temporary
dredging and reclamation process as all temporary
works on the site based upon reasonable
infrastructure is dependent upon the type, style,
assumptions on the type and size of the dredge
size, capacity and operation of the dredge.
(refer to section 4.19). Minor temporary works
such as Contractor access roads are discussed in
Chapter A5.
The large class TSHD have a draught of around 4.20.2 Project Requirements and
12 m, which is suitable for continuous use in the Investigations
channels leading into the Brisbane River. These large
class dredges also have sufcient pumping power A volume of approximately 15 Mm3 of
to pump the dredged material a distance of around unconsolidated marine sand is required to be
7 km, without the use of a booster station. In addition, placed on the NPR site in order to:
their hopper volume provides adequate production Consolidate the soft compressible soils found on
rates to complete the dredging and reclamation task the project site;
economically and within a suitable timeframe.
Provide a stable platform to enable the
On the basis of this assessment, a typical large construction of the runway pavements; and
class dredge will be used as the design dredge for
the preliminary design of all temporary works on the Elevate the site to provide ood immunity.
project.
Figure 4.20a shows the Middle Banks investigation
area nominated in the EIS in relation to other
4.20 Dredging Location and Dredge features in Moreton Bay such as Moreton Island.
Footprint Selection
4.20.1 Background
el
nn
Central
ha
lC
Banks
ar
Pe
Investigation area
Middle Banks
Redcliffe
Moreton Island
Moreton Bay
Bramble Bay
Port
reclamation
area
Mud
Island
Proposed
Runway Luggage Point
Brisbane
Airport St Helena Island
0 1 2 4 Kilometres
A series of investigations were carried out in the Water quality modelling to assess the impact
Middle Banks area of Moreton Bay in 2005 and of any plume caused by the dredge during
2006 as part of this EIS/MDP process to determine dredging.
where in the Middle Banks area the required volume
of material could be sourced, and to assess the A detailed description of the ndings of each
impacts the removal may have on the marine investigation and the resultant modelling or
environment. In summary, investigations included: assessment is presented in Volume C.
N
Middle Banks
Dredge Footprint
Middle
Banks
Moreton Island
Moreton Bay
Port of
Brisbane
Luggage Point
Brisbane
Airport
0 1 2 4 Kilometres
The footprint has been selected on the basis of Avoiding potential conicts with other users
the following: of the Bay. To reduce impact/conict with
other users of the Bay, the proposed dredging
Targeting Holocene (clean) sand deposits
footprint avoids the areas within Middle Banks
that will produce superior quality ll that are currently used by several commercial
material. The absence of ner silts and clays extractive industry operators (in approved permit
in the dredged material minimises water quality areas) and an area along the southern portion of
impacts from turbidity at Middle Banks during Middle Banks known to be used by commercial
dredging and reclamation. shing trawlers.
Avoiding or minimising impacts to marine Maintaining water quality. Numerical
ecology. The dredge footprint has been modelling has been undertaken as part of the
selected to avoid areas of high environmental Draft EIS/MDP to assess and recommend best
signicance within Middle Banks to the greatest management practices to minimise impact of
extent practicable. The overall impacts on turbid plumes on water quality and ecological
marine ecology are minimised by selecting a values.
narrow and deep dredge footprint rather than
a shallow footprint over a larger area. Minimising impacts to coastal processes.
Numerical modelling has been undertaken as
Logistical advantages to the dredge part of the Draft EIS/MDP to assess any impacts
contractor. A long, linear footprint in water on physical processes such as waves and tidal
greater than 8 m depth minimises the duration of currents that may cause erosion or other impacts
each dredge cycle and minimises the overall time on nearby shorelines.
required to complete the dredging campaign.
A full discussion of these factors is contained in Investigation of the suitability of the mooring sites
Volume C. was undertaken to identify a preferred location
for the dredge mooring and the pipeline route.
The investigation was undertaken to identify
4.21 Mooring Locations and all the major engineering, dredge operations,
Pipeline Route Options environmental and logistical issues with each of the
locations. The identication of a preferred mooring
location is a balance between the attributes of the
4.21.1 General
mooring location and the pipeline route.
Prior to beginning investigations into potential
The four mooring location and pipeline alignment
mooring locations for the dredge, a broad overview
options are shown on Figure 4.21 and are
of possible dredge mooring locations was
described as:
undertaken based upon previous experience with
dredging at the Brisbane Airport and the constraints Boggy Creek;
placed upon the site in terms of Port operations and
existing bathymetry of the Brisbane River and the Koopa Channel;
nearshore areas of Moreton Bay.
Juno Point; and
To determine potential mooring options the following
Luggage Point.
basic requirements for the dredge mooring were
identied: Regardless of the mooring location, operation of
the dredge will require construction of a temporary
Maximum dredge pumping distance between
mooring to allow the dredge vessel to moor safely
6 km and 7 km;
while discharging. The mooring could include a
Water depth for independent dredge piled structure located in the Brisbane River, in
manoeuvring around 13 m to 14 m (below LAT); suitable water depth to allow dredge access during
all parts of the tidal cycle. Alternatively, use of
Protection from prevailing weather conditions temporary anchor blocks may also sufce. A nal
would be an advantage; and mooring design would need to await nomination of
the dredge by the successful dredging contractor
Alignment of the delivery pipeline through areas
after tender. From the mooring to the project site,
with suitable geotechnical conditions to allow
the pipe route will require an access track and low
maintenance access.
height embankment for the length of the pipeline.
Upon considering these basic requirements, it was The low height embankment and access track will
concluded that the mooring would be limited to be constructed from granular materials. Both the
sites within the Brisbane River mouth either in or mooring structure and access track/embankment
immediately adjacent the main shipping channel will be temporary in nature.
as all other near-shore areas did not provide deep
All four pipeline alignments from the mooring
water access within the required pumping distance.
facility were designed to have the same destination
Further investigations into likely mooring locations within the Airport site. This point is known as the
led to the identication of four potential mooring convergence point and is located between the end of
the existing 01/19 runway and the end of the 14/32
runway. This convergence point is considered the
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most appropriate location for the dredge pipeline to extensive dredging through the shallow river oor
cross beneath the proposed taxiway link from the surrounding the rehandling basin to provide an
existing runway and the 14/32 taxiway. This crossing access slot for the dredge vessel into the proposed
point will be carefully designed to ensure aviation mooring. The amount of spoil generated from
operations are not compromised. From this location capital dredging of the area would be approximately
the pipeline will head north-west to the remainder of 250,000 cubic metres (m3) of material. Geotechnical
the reclamation site. analysis of this area shows acidity and heavy
metals are present in the upper layers of the marine
In the restricted access areas at the end of the sediments, as well as soft marine clays from
runways the pipeline will be clear of the Runway End recent deposition during storm and ood events.
Safety Areas (RESA) and the Obstacle Limitation If dredged, the contaminated silts and marine clays
Surface (OLS). The pipeline will be specically would need to be disposed and stored in a dredge
designed to ensure conict with existing services spoil treatment area above high water mark.
and the existing approach lighting systems is
minimised. The potential to increase the pipe Pipeline route
wall thickness or the composition of the pipe will
The sand delivery pipeline from the mooring at
be investigated to reduce maintenance access
Boggy Creek would pass under the existing Bulwer
requirements for the pipeline.
Island oil pipeline. Buoyancy devices would be
Further and more detailed information about required to oat the sand delivery pipeline between
existing conditions at each of the mooring locations the shoreline adjacent to the vessel mooring location
is contained in the various chapters of Volume B and the dredge vessel itself. The sand delivery
Airport and Surrounds. pipeline would cross the foreshore and run parallel
with the southern boundary of the Luggage Point
4.21.3 Mooring Site Assessment Wastewater Treatment Plant.
4.21.3.1 Boggy Creek The delivery pipeline would also cross Main Beach
Road (Myrtletown), which is the only access for
Boggy Creek estuary is located to the west of the
the Luggage Point Wastewater Treatment Plant.
Brisbane River and opposite the Port of Brisbane.
This crossing would need to be designed and
The creek is cut off from marine trafc by a pipeline
constructed to allow access to the plant at all times
used to transport oil from tankers to the Bulwer
Island Oil Renery. The Boggy Creek location is With the exception of the narrow mangrove-lined
a sheltered location, removed from the shipping Jubilee Creek, the pipeline route does not traverse
channels. The total length of the sand delivery areas with signicant or noteworthy biodiversity value.
pipeline from a potential mooring at Boggy Creek
and the convergence point on the runway site is Summary
approximately 2,400 m. The use of Boggy Creek requires capital dredging
Mooring location of contaminated marine sediments to establish
a suitable mooring. Storing, managing and
Boggy Creek was used during the previous two stabilising this contaminated material would be
sand reclamation projects undertaken at Brisbane difcult and expensive.
Airport. The dredging method previously employed
required a rehandling basin at the mouth of Boggy The pipeline route from Boggy Creek to
Creek. The rehandling basin is a deeper basin the Airport is suitable and any access and
dredged into the oor of the creek to enable sand to environmental issues associated with its
be deposited temporarily prior to rehandling to the construction can be managed.
reclamation area. The basin does not allow sand
On the basis of disturbing, storing and managing
to ow into the river and is surrounded on all sides
contaminated silts during capital dredging, the
by the higher river oor. Boggy Creek will require
use of Boggy Creek is not preferred.
Mooring location
The sand delivery pipeline for Koopa Channel would
travel in a south-west direction crossing the foreshore As with Koopa Channel, in order to moor a large
at Juno Point. This alignment requires the pipeline to TSHD clear of the main shipping channel at Juno
cross an area of land with unsuitable soft soils which Point it would be necessary to dredge a slot clear of
would restrict access for pipe maintenance and the channel. This capital dredging would produce
construction of the associated access road. an estimated volume of 220,000 m3 of dredge spoil.
A corridor of mangroves would need to be cleared Geotechnical investigations show the upper layers
at Juno Point to accommodate the pipeline. The of the marine sediment at Juno Point are similar to
total length of pipeline that would traverse the Boggy Creek with elevated levels of Tributyl-Tin (TBT)
mangrove areas is about 900 m. The pipeline would and Mercury (Hg). The soils also show high potential
also need to traverse Jubilee Creek. The channel acidity. Marine clays and silty sand were found at
crossing would be achieved by using a series of deeper levels in the marine sediment. The material
wooden piles and cross members to elevate the removed during the establishment of the dredge
pipeline above the creek.
Juno Point is exposed to adverse weather conditions Pipeline route (Juno B) could be constructed and
that may potentially impact on the dredge pump-out any access and environmental issues could be
operations. This would need to be considered in the managed during the dredging campaign.
design of the mooring dolphins at this location as
On the basis of the exposed mooring location, the
outlined with the Koopa Channel option.
difculty in handling the dredge spoil from capital
Pipeline route dredging the Juno Point options are not preferred.
Two pipeline options from the Juno Point mooring 4.21.3.4 Luggage Point
location were explored in the preliminary design
(Juno A and Juno B). The Luggage Point site is situated to the south of
Luggage Point, between the treatment plant outfall
The rst (Juno A) is directly west over the intertidal and the oil tanker wharf. Initial discussions with
mud ats and mangrove area. Similar to the Koopa the Harbour Master indicate that this location for
Channel alignment, this pipeline alignment will cross a discharge point will not cause adverse impact
areas of land known to have unsuitable soft soils to Port of Brisbane shipping operations. The
that will make the construction and maintenance of total length of the sand delivery pipeline from the
the sand delivery pipeline problematic. Placement mooring to the convergence point is 2,400 m with a
of the pipeline in this environment would involve maximum pumping distance of 6 km.
the direct disturbance as well as indirect impacts
Mooring site
on mangrove communities. The intertidal ats at
Juno Point are identied as a signicant wader The proposed mooring site is located at the edge
bird roosting area which would be disturbed of the swing basin for the Port of Brisbane and as
during installation of the pipe and during manned such the water depth is sufcient for the dredging
maintenance activities. vessel to moor without additional capital works
dredging. Preliminary investigations indicate that the
The second option (Juno B) from the mooring
dredge operation at Luggage Point will not adversely
at Juno Point is to oat the pipeline in a westerly
interfere with the operations of the swing basin
direction towards Luggage Point. Buoyancy devices
or the adjacent oil berth. The Luggage Point site
would oat the sand delivery pipeline between the
affords some protection from adverse weather and
shoreline and the dredge vessel. This alignment
should allow all weather operations of the dredge.
will impact a small section of mangroves but would
largely minimise ecological impacts. From this Pipeline route
location the pipeline will follow the same route along
the Luggage Point Wastewater Treatment Plant Buoyancy devices will be used to oat the sand
(described below for the Luggage Point alignment). delivery pipeline between the dredge vessel
and foreshore. The pipeline route will cross the
Summary wastewater outfall channels (open concrete
structures) and precede north-west over the existing
The mooring location at Juno Point is exposed
drying beds, thereby avoiding the low lying silt
and may not allow all weather operation of the
basin to the north-east. A steel structure will be
dredge. Capital dredging required is extensive
constructed over the existing outfall channels so that
and the contaminated dredge spoil would be
the outfall channels are not impacted (refer section
problematic to mange. Clean materials extracted
4.23). Initial indications from Brisbane Water indicate
during capital dredging could be managed on the
that this route will be acceptable and any access/
Airport site with some of the materials suitable for
egress and operational issues can be managed.
use within the runway project.
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coordinated by the Dredge Captain. No servicing experience, the length of piles to a consolidated
or maintenance works will be carried out at the Pleistocene basement (rm surface) will be in the
Luggage Point mooring. order of 30 m.
The dredge mooring must be suitable as a temporary To accommodate the design dredge, the proposed
structure for use during the reclamation only. discharge mooring will be constructed from two
breasting dolphins located to suit the particular
4.22.2 Mooring Layout and Operation dredge (refer Figure 4.22). The two dolphins will be
located at about third points of the berthed dredge.
The proposed layout of the dredge mooring has
Flexibility in the design will enable dredge lengths
been determined by the proximity of a number of
up to a maximum of 200 m.
existing features:
Each dolphin will typically be constructed from
The BP Crude Oil Wharf;
twelve 1,000 mm diameter by 16 mm wall thickness
The commercial shipping channel; steel piles driven to a minimum depth of 16 m or
to a suitable set. These steel piles will be placed
The efuent outfall structure from BCCs Luggage on a 3 m grid. As these dolphins are temporary
Point Wastewater Treatment Plant; structures, no concrete pile caps are proposed and
instead twin steel frames will hold the piles in place
The navigation lead marks No. 3F and No. 3R
and transfer the dredge berthing loads to the piles
which dene the channel in the Pelican Banks
via a twin cone parallel motion fender. These fenders
Reach; and
are relatively soft to reduce the magnitude of berthing
The location of BCCs rising sewer main from the reactions on the dolphins, in the light of the poor
Port of Brisbane to the Luggage Point Wastewater foundations for these structures. A typical dolphin
Treatment Plant beneath the Brisbane River. will require a 150 tonne capacity bollard for mooring
of the dredge, mounted on the upper transfer frame,
The dredge mooring is positioned to minimise and a top platform and access ladder for handling of
impact upon the above facilities and to minimise mooring lines and maintenance.
interaction between the dredge during operations/
reclamation. The BCC sewer rising main passes Lighting the mooring dolphins during the hours of
through the proposed site of the discharge berth darkness will be to the requirements of the Regional
as shown on Figure 4.22. This existing pipeline is Harbour Master incorporating standard solar
a 350 mm nominal diameter polyethylene pipeline powered ashing lights, the details of which will be
between Fisherman Islands and Luggage Point determined during detailed design. On completion
installed by directional drilling during 2000/2001. of the dredging operation the mooring dolphins will
The approximate location of this pipeline is known be dismantled and the steel piles extracted to return
based on as constructed plans from BCC, however the site to its previous condition.
a survey to establish its exact location will be
The mooring design assumes the dredges discharge
required prior to construction of the mooring to
point is located on the bow of the ship and this
ensure that the proposed works do not interfere
discharge point will mate with a oating exible
with this pipeline.
discharge pipeline when the dredge berths.
The ground conditions in the vicinity of the A single anchor pile will secure the connection end
mooring is underlain Holocene sediments of the oating discharge pipeline when the dredge is
comprising a muddy sand surface layer about absent. Allowance in the design has been made for
1 m deep and a muddy sand uvial delta deposit the dredge to moor in either direction (upstream or
up to 7 m deep overlying a deep estuarine silt/clay downstream) by including two oating pipelines which
deposit. These materials are prevalent in the lower connect to the main discharge pipeline via an
Brisbane River area and are extremely weak in on-shore valve station. The dredge crew will operate
engineering terms. Based upon the preliminary the valve station to direct the ow of supernatant
geotechnical investigations and on regional water at the commencement of each pump-out cycle.
Hydraulic placement methods used throughout The inlet and outlet structures of each sediment
the NPR reclamation will result in large volumes of pond are constructed within the earth bund along
reclamation supernatant water, the water used to the perimeter of the ponds. The inlets and outlet
transport sand materials from the dredge vessel of each sediment pond are used to control the rate
to the reclamation site. To assist in managing of supernatant ow into the ponds from adjacent
the quantity and quality of the supernatant water, reclamation cells and out of the ponds to the
temporary sediment ponds will be constructed Kedron Brook Floodway Drain and Serpentine Inlet
to provide short term storage of reclamation Drain receiving waters. Adjustable weir structures
supernatant. The ponds will provide storage to will be used at each inlet and outlet to provide
accommodate the interface between the 8 hour control of pond inow and outow and maintain
dredge discharge cycle and the 6 hour semi-diurnal suitable storage volume and retention time within
tidal cycle, upon which the supernatant release is the ponds. Adjustment of the weir crest height will
based (refer Chapter A5). The ponds also provide be used to control pond inow and outow.
treatment of supernatant water for removal of Localised erosion of bund material and in situ soils
entrained suspended solids prior to release to at pond inlets and outlets will be controlled by
receiving waters. construction of temporary inlet/outlet protection.
Temporary sediment ponds will be constructed The inlets and outlets to the sediment ponds will
in two locations. The southern sediment pond is be protected with rock lled wire mattresses (reno
located adjacent the Kedron Brook Floodway Drain, mattresses) over in situ soils and areas of the bund
to the south of the NPR and discharges to Kedron susceptible to erosion. The design of Kedron Brook
Brook Floodway Drain. Floodway Drain and Serpentine Inlet Drain includes
rock protection on the base of the channels to further
The northern sediment pond is located adjacent reduce the potential for erosion of bed materials
the existing 14/32 taxiway system and the existing during reclamation for the NPR.
perimeter road. The northern pond will discharge
supernatant to Serpentine Inlet Drain, which crosses Movement of supernatant in the ponds is controlled
beneath the existing 14/32 runway. Figure 4.24 by construction of ow bafes within the open water
shows the location of each temporary sediment pond. body. The ow bafes extend the ow length within
the ponds and increase the hydraulic retention
The temporary sediment ponds will be constructed time of supernatant within the ponds. These two
above the existing ground surface level. The functions of the pond bafes jointly improve the
construction of the ponds aims to minimise the suspended solids treatment performance of the
potential for disturbance of acid sulfate and ponds by providing increased time for particles
potential acid sulfate soils. Storage within the to settle from suspension. The bafes may be
ponds is provided by construction of earth bunds constructed either by formation of additional earth
along their perimeter. The volume of storage bunds within the pond perimeter, or by erection
required within the ponds is dened by the of a geotextile fabric cover over a structural frame
selection of dredge equipment and the dredging (welded wire mesh) (refer Figure 4.24).
operations. It is anticipated that the minimum
required storage volume required is approximately
230,000 m3, based on preliminary dredge selection
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