Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
1
School of Mechanical Engineering
ME309L Flow Visualization Spring 2017
points.
There
are
several
types
of
field
lines
that
can
describe
the
flow.
These
include:
Pathline:
The
pathline
is
the
line
traced
out
by
connecting
all
the
points
in
space
that
the
tracer
has
passed
through,
over
a
specified
region.
Visualizing
a
path
line
in
an
unsteady
flow
can
be
very
difficult.
In
order
to
do
so,
a
small
amount
of
the
tracer
(in
this
case
the
dye)
must
be
released
and
its
trajectory
followed
over
a
long
time
period.
Streamline:
The
definition
of
a
streamline
is
that
it
is
tangent
to
the
local
velocity
vector.
Considering
a
fixed
point
in
space,
the
dye
will
indicate
the
flow
direction
at
that
point
for
an
instant
of
time
t.
Therefore,
by
visualizing
the
flow
direction
at
several
points
of
the
field,
a
line
that
is
everywhere
tangent
to
the
velocity
vector
can
be
formed.
In
other
words
a
streamline.
Streakline:
If
all
the
particles
that
have
passed
through
a
fixed
point
at
any
instant
are
collected,
a
streakline
is
seen.
In
the
general
case
of
an
unsteady
flow
the
streamlines
change
continuously
therefore
they
cannot
be
visualized.
The
streakline
on
the
other
hand
can
be
visualized
over
a
time
period.
If
the
flow
is
steady,
pathlines,
streamlines
and
streaklines
coincide.
2
School of Mechanical Engineering
ME309L Flow Visualization Spring 2017
flow
is
that
it
is
symmetric
meaning
that
it
the
structure
of
the
streamlines
would
not
change
if
the
flow
direction
was
reversed.
Figure
3:
Streamlines
of
Stokes
flow2
By
a
Reynolds
number
of
4,
elongated
eddies
can
be
observed
and
a
laminar
wake
begins
to
form.
As
the
Reynolds
number
increases
beyond
40,
a
Von
Karman
vortex
street
is
observed,
where
two
staggered
rows
of
vortices
are
observed.
Around
Re
of
200,
periodic
vortex
shedding
is
preserved,
but
the
Von
Karman
vortex
street
becomes
unstable
and
breaks
down.
But
at
high
Reynolds
numbers
(~2000)
as
the
flow
is
transitioning
to
turbulence,
the
periodicity
breaks
down
as
well
and
a
turbulent
wake
is
observed.
4
School of Mechanical Engineering
ME309L Flow Visualization Spring 2017
B. EXPERIMENTAL
PROCEDURES
A
digital
camera
will
be
provided
for
this
lab.
However,
you
are
permitted
to
use
an
iPhone,
smart
phone,
or
personal
camera
for
this
lab.
Procedure
1. Record
the
water
temperature
given
by
the
thermocouple.
2. Insert
the
small
cylinder
into
the
water
tunnel,
approximately
1
inch
from
the
end
of
the
dye
wand.
Remove
any
bubbles
on
the
cylinder.
3. Set
the
water
channel
speed
to
1.25
in/s
by
setting
the
pump
supply
frequency
to
10
Hz.
Wait
at
least
30
seconds
for
the
water
tunnel
to
achieve
steady
state
conditions.
4. Start
the
dye
flow
by
releasing
the
yellow
pinch
valve
on
the
smallest
diameter
tubing
leading
from
the
dye
reservoir
to
the
dye
insertion
tube.
Photograph
the
cylinder
wake.
5. Increase
the
water
speed
to
3.0
in/s
by
setting
the
pump
supply
frequency
to
25
Hz.
Wait
at
least
30
seconds
for
the
water
tunnel
to
achieve
steady
state
conditions.
Insert
the
dye
and
acquire
a
photograph
of
the
cylinder
wake.
6. Remove
the
small
cylinder
and
insert
the
large
cylinder.
Repeat
steps
2-5.
7. Remove
the
large
cylinder
and
insert
the
airfoil.
Maintain
a
water
channel
speed
of
1.25
in/s
or
10
Hz.
Align
the
airfoil
in
such
a
way
that
it
is
parallel
to
the
flow
(
=
0o).
Realign
the
dye
insertion
tube
to
the
middle
of
the
airfoil.
Insert
the
dye
and
acquire
a
photograph
of
the
airfoil
wake.
8. Increase
the
airfoil
angle
of
attack
to
approximately
20o.
Adjust
the
dye
insertion
tube
to
visualize
boundary
layer
separation
from
the
upper
surface
of
the
airfoil.
Acquire
a
photograph.
9. Turn
off
the
water
channel
by
turning
the
pump
frequency
to
0
Hz.
10. Download
the
photos
from
the
camera
to
the
computer
using
the
USB
connector.
11. Obtain
the
signature
of
the
lab
TA
on
your
data
sheet.
5
School of Mechanical Engineering
ME309L Flow Visualization Spring 2017
Appendix
Include
sample
calculations
for
all
calculated
parameters
(Reynolds
number)
Attach
the
signed
Raw
Data
sheet
to
the
end
of
the
report
There
should
be
absolutely
no
handwritten
or
scanned
in
pages
in
the
Appendix
(Except
the
Raw
Data
sheet
which
should
be
scanned
in
as
the
last
page.)
References
Image
1
taken
from:
https://alexl.wordpress.com/2007/03/23/piv-in-one-image/
Image
2
taken
from:
http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/645fall2001_web_projects/
Image
3
taken
from:
Van
Dyke,
M.
An
Album
of
Fluid
Motion,
The
Parabolic
Press,
Stanford,
2002