Optimization of Bajaj Three Wheeler Carburetor Fuel Tube For Better Performance

IDL - International Digital Library Of
Technology & Research

Volume 1, Issue 6, June 2017 Available at: www.dbpublications.org
International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017
Optimization of Bajaj three wheeler carburetor

fuel tube for better performance
Mohaideen Abdul Khader*, Nasim Hasan2, Muse Degefe
*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mettu University, Mettu, P.O.Box 318, Ethiopia
2
3
Corresponding author: (Email: mohaideen22@gmail.com)
Abstract to the manufacturer for the better

performance thereby reducing the fuel
This paper presents the analysis of Bajaj
consumption, environmental pollution and
three wheeler carburetor for better
running cost of the Bajaj three wheeler.
performance using Ansyss fluent
computational fluid dynamics software.
Key words- Bajaj three wheeler, Ansyss,
Carburetor is a device which mixes air and
Computation al fluid dynamics, fuel tube.
fuel before entering into the engine. If the
mixture is not proper it results in excess fuel
consumption, increase in pollution due to 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Carburetor
improper burning and also increase in
running cost of the Bajaj. In this regard an The carburetor is a device that mixes fuel
effort has been made to optimize the design
of the carburetor to minimize these into the incoming air. The airflow into the
problems. In Mettu town more than one carburetor is controlled by a butterfly valve,
thousand Bajaj three wheelers are running and the fuel is added to the mixture through
and it needs better optimization in order to venturi. In a carburetor equipped engine.
achieve fuel saving thereby reducing the The air comes in to the space for air filter.
pollution. In this regard carburetor size was Air passes through the air filter and then into
determined from the Bajaj three wheeler and
the carburetor where the fuel is blended with
it is simulated using Ansyss computational
fluid dynamics software for different it. Through the intake manifold, it passes.
modification in fuel tube and size. Analysis And then it is drawn into the cylinders Large
has been done and different results were volumes of small engines (two wheelers) are
plotted, the results show there will be a being sold in the world every year. Its
better saving in fuel for modified design. emissions comprise a significant percentage
The simulation has been done for different of total pollutants. As demonstrated by the
fuel tube size and modification of inlet
automotive industry, significant reductions
obstacle. Modified design can be suggested
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in emissions are technologically possible,
particularly with the use of electronic fuel 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
injection. However, due primarily to cost
This Literature review section provides an
constraints, small engine manufacturers rely
insight into the research in the present paper
on small, inexpensive Carburetors to
the inlet obstacles, fuel tube, and throttle
generate the fuel mixture for their engines.
plate were modeled with in order to gain a
Thus, a better understanding of carburetor
better understanding of the flow in complex
performance and modeling could lead to
venturis. Several studies have addressed the
better fuel mixture control and lower
modeling of fuel flow in carburetors:
emission from small enginesA real
Experimental studies performed by
carburetor venturi has details in its geometry
Furuyama and Ohgane [1] and Moss [2]
that create disturbances in the flow and may
showed that the pulsating nature of the air
cause pressure losses that cause deviations
flow affects the amount of fuel delivered by
from an ideal isentropic flow. These
the carburetor. Furuyama found that the
carburetor parts are the choke plate, throttle
effect of pulsating air flow on fuel flow may
plate, fuel tube, side passages to secondary
be classified as: i) when the throttle plate
systems, and, sometimes, an additional
opening is large and air flow is low, the fuel
concentric fuel tube in the venturi throat.
flow is higher at pulsating flow than at
Some details of typical carburetors used in
steady flow, and ii) when the throttle plate
bajaj engines are shown below figure1.
opening is large and air flow is high, the fuel
flow is lower at pulsating flow than at steady
flow. Moss experiments [1] agreed with the
conclusions for the first case. Both
researchers proposed that the fuel flow
under dynamic air flow may be calculated
by using the steady state prediction, and then
corrected with a pulsation-correction factor.
Two special considerations must be taken
when predicting the fuel flow from the
carburetor circuits: the characterization of
the two-phase flow inside the emulsion tube
and the characterization of the small
metering orifices. The only known work that
has used CFD for the characterization of the
flow across the carburetor was done by Wu,
Fig. 1. Bajaj three wheeler carburettor


Feng and Liu [3]. But in their work, the
carburetor was represented as a two-
dimensional channel where the fuel tube was
a large obstacle in the flow field. The only
results shown in this work are the static
pressure drop along the axis of the
carburetor. Thus, it can be inferred from
these works that the flow through a
carburetor can be successfully modeled
using pressure variation as boundary
conditions and the standardized k-epsilon
turbulence model is competent enough to
model the turbulence behavior in the flow.
3. OBJECTIVE OF THE PAPER
To carry out three dimensional CFD analysis

4.1.2 Meshing: the volume bound by the
of Bajaj three wheeler carburetor venturi to
understand the effect of the various body or the fluid domain is discretised into
obstacles present in the flow domain like the finite elements that are uniform or Non-
fuel-tube and to optimize the design of uniform as the problem demands.
carburetor by carrying out geometrical
changes based on results obtained from CFD
analysis of existing model.
To perform CFD analysis by considering

the following models.
a) Ideal carburetor venturi b) Existing

carburetor venturi C) Modified carburetor
venturi
4. MODELING INTRODUCTION
4.1 Basic steps of modeling
4.1.1preprocessing Geometry definition:

the physical boundaries of the objects are 4.1.3Model definition: the type of fluid
defined in a 3-dimensional space. modeling is defined in terms of the flow


equations adopted or the energy Transfer 5.2The ANSYS CFX: solver uses the most
models etc. modern solution technology with a coupled
algebraic multi-grid solver and extremely
4.1.4 Boundary conditions: the boundary efficient parallelization to help ensure that
or end conditions of the flow are defined in solutions are ready for analysis quickly and
the software module The inlet boundary reliably. Solution analysis with the ANSYS
condition was defined with the isentropic CFX post-processor then gives users the
stagnation pressure and temperature, and the power to extract any desired quantitative
outlet boundary condition was defined with data from the solution; it also provides a
the outlet static pressure. An ideal gas model comprehensive set of flow visualization
was used in order to take into account the options. Animations of flow simulations are
compressibility of the airflow.
easily generated, and 3-D images can be
4.1.5 Method A three-dimensional model of directly created using the freely-distributable
a carburetor venturi was generated in CFD 3-D viewer from ANSYS CFX. CFX-5
tool, The model build option crate line and consists of five software modules which are
create surface, by using extrude surface and linked by the flow of information required to
then we create that venture geometry, this perform a CFD analysis. In this pressure
model saved In IGS for met and then it is losses created by these elements reduce the
export to using ICM software for meshing mass flow rate that could be driven through
and element type Tetrahedron the mesh is the venturi for a given pressure difference
created. between the inlet of the venturi and the
intake manifold. The inlet obstacles, fuel
tube, and throttle plate were modeled with in
order to gain a better Understanding of the
5. ANALYSIS flow in complex venturis. The RNG K-E
turbulence model is used, with standard wall
5.1 CFD: Computational fluid dynamics
functions for near-wall treatment. The
(CFD) is one of the branches of fluid
mechanics that uses numerical methods and discretisation scheme used was second order
algorithms to solve and analyze problems in space. The convergence criteria were set
that involve fluid flows. Until 1960s we to a maximum residual equal to 1x10-6 for
would have been operating in two approach the energy equation and to 1x10-4 for the
other equations.
world theory and experiment. Later an
important new third approach in fluid 5.4 Boundary conditions
dynamics is introduced.
The carburetor venturi had an inlet diameter
of, a throat diameter of mm and exit


diameter of mm. This venturi had inlet
obstacles, a fuel tube. The inlet boundary
conditions in CFX were set to the laboratory
conditions (T0=298 K and P0=1 atm) and
the outlet boundary condition to the outlet
pressure in the low-pressure plenum in the
flow bench _Pout= KPa, Four The CFD is
used for assessing the details of the flow, the
values of the discharge coefficients, and
localized values of the flow variables;
specifically, the static pressure at the tip of
the fuel tube. The following sections present
a systematic study of the effect of different
carburetor parts. First, carburetor venturi is
modeled without obstacles. Second, the inlet
obstacles were added, and then the fuel tube
was added to the geometry. Finally, how to
effect of obstacles is study.
6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
By observing various types of the static

pressure, velocity, total pressure and
turbulent kinetic energy, for effecting on
fuel tube, Figures are shown below
6.1 Venturi without obstacles
The following figures shows the Static

Pressure, Velocity, Turbulent Kinetic
Energy, Total pressure and Velocity vector
for a compressible air flow across the
venturi without obstacles i.e. fuel tube and
throttle plate. In fig the Static Pressure is
almost uniform in the radial direction except
After venturi the pressure variation is almost
at the throat where it changes next to the
constant (no pressure fluctuation). In fig the
wall.
velocity increases at the converging nozzle


and then separates from the wall at the for fuel puddling after the carburettor; once
diffuser in the region of adverse pressure the fuel droplet is captured in this region;
gradient. The velocity is almost constant there is no momentum to drive it to the
behind the venturi. In fig the total pressure manifold. In fig the stagnation pressure
(stagnation pressure) shows that it is shows that there is a considerable reduction
uniform throughout the flow except at the behind the venturi with the presence of fuel
wall of the throat. Generally the reduction in tube and ultimately creates turbulence
stagnation pressure creates wake region region. The kinetic energy field shows that
(turbulence region). In figthe turbulence the wake is created in the downstream of
kinetic energy field shows that the intensity fuel tube. The intensity of turbulence is high
of turbulence created. The highest at the downstream and is moderate at the
turbulence region created at near wall throat. near wall throat.
6.2 Effect of fuel tube CFD analysis is done using commercial

CFD solver CFX software to analyze the
The following figure shows the Static flow behavior of the existing carburetor
Pressure, Velocity, Turbulent Kinetic body used in small engines. The result
Energy, Total pressure and Velocity vector indicates that flow recirculation at
for a compressible air flow across the downstream which causes pressure
venturi with fuel tube of 2 mm diameter fluctuations and increased stagnation
with projection of mm at throat section i.e. pressure loss which is undesirable. More
1/4th of throat diameter. In fig the presence over the velocity vectors for various throttle
of fuel tube strongly affects flow field and body positions shows that the recirculation
static pressure drop in the venturi. It reduces in the flow just before throttle body. Further
the cross sectional area and also increased discharge coefficient has been
comparatively lower pressure drop at throat observed for the modified model.
in the radial direction. In addition, a sharp
leading edge of the fuel tube creates a The analyses of results for degrees show
separation region, which results in a lower that reduced stagnation pressure loss at
pressure at the tip of the fuel tube. downstream. The kinetic energy field shows
Downstream of fuel tube, it is almost that it is almost constant throughout the
uniform in radial and axial directions flow. The velocity vectors clearly show that
reduced flow recirculation at downstream
In fig the presence of fuel tube effectively shown in modified model. The results of
reduces the velocity and creates the wake these simulations indicate that CFD
region (fluctuating velocity field) behind the
simulations can be used to understand the
venturi. This wake zone may be responsible
nature of the flow field in ventures with


various positions and to find quantitative motorcycle carburetor. In Proceedings of the
information that can be used as boundary International Symposium on Multiphase
conditions for additional systems coupled to Flow, pages 271275, 1997.
the venturi. Future work should focus on the 4. Diego Arias, University of Wisconsin,
analysis of the static pressure at different compared the experimental results from the
inlet obstacles, as well as next to the throttle test-bench of a carburettor with the CFD
plate, in order to improve on the design of results to establish the closeness of the CFD
results with real-world results in terms of
flow systems incorporating complex
mass flow rate and coefficient of discharge.
venturis.
5. M. Sivakumar, V. Balasubramanian from
UCAL Fuel Systems Ltd
REFERENCES
6. V. Ganesan - Indian Institute of
1. M. Furuyama and H. Ohgane.A Technology Madras have utilized pressure
comparison of pulsating and steady flows in based boundary conditions in their paper on
terms of carburetor characteristics.JSAE CFD analysis of carburettors. This lends
Review, pages 1823, 1987. credibility to the use of pressure based
boundary conditions in this project.
2. P. J. Moss. Pulsation enrichment in 7. Sanatian and Moss used standard k-
carburetors. Automotive Engineer, pages epsilon turbulence models to predict the
5356, 1980. flow through a carburetor under steady state
3. B. Wu, Y. Feng, and J. Liu.Numerical conditions and found the results to be in
simulation of gas-liquid two-phase flow in agreement with the real world tests.

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International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017