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Introduction by John Dunnicliff, Editor PLEASE let me hear from you. The
first step is an abstract see How to
This is the seventy-fourth episode of GIN. Three articles this time. submit articles on www.geotechnical-
Theyre all self-explanatory, so theres no need for the editor to bore news.com/instrumentation_news.php.
you with introductions. Heres a table of contents: If I dont hear from you, GIN may die.
A report on the US Society of boltsy things, and lessons learned, The April 2103 continuing
Dams workshop in Arizona in primarily lessons learned from education course in Florida
February on state-of-the-art tech- unexpected events in the field. All
There were 64 registrants at the
nologies for monitoring dams and of us in this business have such
course, and 12 lecturers. 15 countries
levees, by Christopher Hill and stories to tell, and if we share
were represented. Thank you to all
Pierre Choquet. them we can learn from each
registrants and lecturers for participat-
The second episode of Field Moni- other. So please ask yourself
ing.
toring Challenges, by Marcelo whether you could contribute
some of these stories for GIN. Ive decided that there will be no more
Chuaqui and Wing Lam.
They dont need to be complex of these courses in Florida, because
An article by me on some on-line
things, and you can refer to age is taking its toll. Perhaps else-
sources of information about geo-
Project X. I well understand where. Watch this space!
technical instrumentation.
that you may have difficulty with
Lessons learned. I need you Closure
employer or client approval, in
Nobody has responded to my plea for which case Im happy to refer Please send contributions to this
help with GIN, so heres a repeat of to you as Anonymous, and column, or an abstract of an article for
the plea: promise not to disclose your name GIN, to me as an e-mail attachment in
A significant number of articles to anyone. MSWord, to
in recent GINs have described In the past, Ive had very john@dunnicliff.eclipse.co.uk, or by
new and emerging technologies. little response to pleas for mail: Little Leat, Whisselwell, Bovey
Its been exciting for me to learn contributions, and have usually Tracey, Devon TQ13 9LA, England.
about these, but Id now like to had to rely on arm-twisting. Tel. +44-1626-832919.
take a step towards nuts-and- Please let me hear from you. Sei Gsund! (Yiddish)
At the USSD (US Society on Dams) variety of topics, followed by ques- for monitoring. Sam Johansson of
Annual Meeting and Conference tions and discussion in the seven-hour HydroResearch in Sweden, and Dan-
in Glendale, Arizona in February event. Moderating the workshop were iele Inaudi of Smartec in Switzerland
2013, the Committee for Monitoring Pierre Choquet of RST Instruments described use of fiber optic cables
Dams and their Foundations hosted and Christopher Hill of MWD of for temperature and strain monitor-
a workshop titled State of the Art Southern California. ing, respectively. Johansson made the
Technologies for Monitoring Dams Two speakers came from Europe to point that temperature monitoring for
and Levees. Fourteen speakers made describe the use of fiber optic cables dams is a long-established practice to
short presentations about a wide estimate seepage flows, especially in
some European countries, and fiber through time. was on deformation measurement.
optic is merely a newer technology William Doll of Battelle presented the A rail-mounted system for accu-
for temperature measurements with background and the current status of rate horizontal measurements using
the added advantage of distributed an airborne electromagnetic survey terrestrial inSar was presented by
measurements. Inaudi gave a number system using a low-flying helicopter. Larry Olson, of Olson Engineer-
of examples of strain measurement This system was tested on a levee ing. Pieter Bas Leezenbeg of Hansje
especially for dam and levee slope segment and showed good correlation Brinker, although unable to attend
deformation monitoring and showed with areas that are dominated by clays the workshop because of last minute
how the hardware has improved or sands as well as known sand boil commitments, had prepared slides
recently. Among these improvements locations. on satellite-based InSAR applied
are fiber optic cables designed espe- to deformation monitoring of dams
Yogi Sookhu of Gotham Analytics
cially for buried applications as well with millimeter accuracy. A 3-D
talked about extensive data communi-
as improved software. laser scanning system being used for
cation systems being used to transmit
Four presenters described several geo- dam deformation measurements by
multiple streams of monitoring data
physical techniques that can be used the Metropolitan Water District was
along robust paths. One data stream he
for dam monitoring. Gordon Anderlini shown by Julio Castillo of MWD.
focused on is from long-wave infrared
of BC Hydro uses crosshole seismic Finally, Craig Hewes of Leica made
cameras that may be used to measure
shear wave tomography to character- a presentation on using differential
wet surfaces and provide notification
ize and confirm the remediation of a GPS and total stations for deformation
in the event of sudden enlargement of
past sinkhole. Continued monitoring monitoring.
wet areas.
of the sinkhole repairs and embank- An abstract of the 14 presentations
There were four presentations focused
ment dam is done using the simplified can be downloaded from the follow-
on topics of traditional instrumenta-
common elevation method which ing link: http://mail.rstinstruments.
tion. Jay Stateler of the US Bureau of
has proven to be very repeatable. By com/DOWNLOADS/USSD2013.pdf .
Reclamation talked about anomalous
monitoring changes in patterns of The email address of each presenter is
readings and the process by which
seismic wave velocity between bore- included in the document for anyone
an anomalous reading is turned into
holes, Anderlini monitors changes in who would be interested to obtain
an interpretation of how the dam is
void ratio and/or stress with time and their PowerPoint presentation.
performing. Jim Hummert of URS
expects to get early warning of future Additionally, a slightly modified
showed results from DamSmart and
sinkhole or internal erosion develop- program based on this workshop will
related products that focus on help-
ment. be facilitated at the 81st Annual Meet-
ing the user manage and graph data.
Phil Sirles of Zonge International, a Pierre Choquet of RST Instruments ing of ICOLD (International Com-
geophysics company, described how and Christopher Hill of Metropolitan mission on Large Dams) in Seattle,
traditional geophysical methods, Water District of Southern Califor- WA on August 16, 2014 (http://www.
especially seismic, resistivity and nia presented information about the icold2013.org/workshops.html)
self-potential are used beneficially for progress of data acquisition systems Christopher J. Hill
assessment of internal erosion, seep- focusing on changes in communica- Team Manager, Safety of Dams
age mapping and soil composition in tion topology and energy usage. These Team, Metropolitan Water District
dam embankments and foundations. improvements are gradually making of Southern California, P.O. Box
He also discussed a project that is automatic data acquisition systems 54153, Los Angeles, CA 90054,
underway deploying wireless solar- more and more practical for users. U.S.A. 213-217-7969, chill@
powered self-potential and resistivity Finally, in this section, Erik Mikkelsen mwdh2o.com
instrumentation for early detection of GeoMetron made a case for the Pierre Choquet
of seepage and internal erosion using value of fully-grouted piezometers and Vice-President of Sales, RST Instru-
buried electrodes and passive sen- described how to install them for best ments Ltd., 11545 Kingston Street,
sors, thereby enabling 4D monitor- effect. Maple Ridge, BC, Canada, 604-540-
ing, i.e., geophysical measurements
The final section of the workshop 1100, pchoquet@rstinstruments.com
Lessons Learned
Lesson learned 1: Benefits of a
complete monitoring program.
This case history highlights the value
Figure 2. Section of proposed widened road with piles.
of a complete instrumentation plan, personnel and engineer should have a In would have been easy to simply
with more than one instrument type. clear understanding that the instrument stop monitoring the inclinometers
This permitted cross checking of criti- should be installed in a stable stratum when it was determined that the bot-
cal readings across different instru- and what to expect and look for dur- tom of the casings were not anchored
ment types that aided in determining ing the drilling of the borehole. If the in stable ground but understanding
a problem with the inclinometer data. field conditions differ than expected, their importance and providing the
The surveying of the top of casing communication is important to modify value added service of providing a
allowed for combined readings to procedures as required to ensure solution is immeasurable to relation-
provide a more complete representa- expectations are met. ships among stakeholders.
tion of what was happening above Lesson learned 3: Be adaptable to Marcelo Chuaqui
and below surface. The deep monitor- the project and client needs.
ing points and MPBXs also provided General Manager
This case history documents an
additional redundancy and means of example of a monitoring problem that Wing Lam
correlation. occurred after installation and well Instrumentation Specialist
Lesson learned 2: Communication into the construction project. However,
and education of needs. some innovative thinking was able to Monir Precision Monitoring Inc.,
2359 Royal Windsor Drive, Unit 25,
During installation of the borehole provide a solution so that subsurface
Mississauga, ON, CAN, L5J 4S9,
inclinometers, there was a lack of movement of the wall under construc- 905-822-0090, marcelo@monir.ca,
understanding of what was required tion and the ground in the area was wing@monir.ca
for a successful installation. The field available.
John Dunnicliff
Chapter 95. Types of geotechnical Usage of Instrumentation. The use e-mail, orders@pssc.com, or tele-
instrumentation and their usage. section indicates the general phone (978) 829-2544.
There are two sections: role of instrumentation for 12 Websites of manufacturers of
Types of geotechnical in- types of construction proj- geotechnical instrumentation
strumentation. Instruments ects. For each project type a Table 1 lists websites of manufactur-
are described for monitoring table summarizes the possible ers with a wide range of products and
groundwater pressure, de- geotechnical questions that Table 2 lists websites of manufacturers
formation, load and strain in may lead to the use of instru- of specialized products, indicating the
structural members and total mentation, and indicates some product types. I recognize that these
stress. The section includes of the types of instruments that tables are bound to be incomplete,
applications, descriptions of can be considered for helping despite efforts to be as comprehensive
how each instrument works, to provide answers to those as possible.Ive limited these lists
with schematic diagrams, and questions. to manufacturers, and have made no
various other details intended These two chapters can be down- attempt to include service compa-
to help the user. loaded for $30 each. As an alternative niesto include them would be an
to ordering on the website, you can unachievable challenge.
Vivian Giang