The road to the stars (I): the mythological beginnings of astronomy and space

travel steps

Travelling in space is an issue which has arisen only in the last century, but the
desires were targeted against the sky since ancient times.

https://tallbloke.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/stonehenge.png
[source](https://tallbloke.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/stonehenge.png)

History of human civilization is closely linked to observations that man-made,

over time, on the sky. Whole civilizations were based on such elements and
progress made by prehistoric man and the ancient hair were stronger than
today.

For almost 40,000 years, man has pursued astronomical phenomena, there are
bones that appear bookmarks with moon phases. Also we can say about the
calendars we use today that were originally [calendar Warren Field,](
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-23286928
) created about 10,000 years ago. Over 6,000 years, it has been changed
constantly, such that phases of the moon and the solar year to remain
synchronized. There are many other buildings of its kind worldwide, occurring
even before the first human civilization, showing how great was man's interest
for what is in the stars.

# How "dreamed" in space travel

The last 25 years have radically changed the perception of prehistoric man in the
light of astronomical artifacts in various parts of the world. Even prehistoric man
have knowledge of mathematics and astronomy, various phenomena are
understood ever since. At that time, however, it is more appropriate to speak of
archaeoastronomy, which is rather treated symbolism and cultural
interpretations of astronomical phenomena encountered. The road to the stars
was imagined since about 15,000 years ago, according to some estimates,
through the "cosmic hunters". This concept is a series of myths that a hunted
animal, usually a bear or a moose, wounded, and after death, it reaches the sky
where the stars turn into forming Big Dipper quadrilateral. Sometimes people
"arrived" themselves between the stars, is usually associated with the two stars
forming the "handle" of the Big Dipper.

http://taotechingdaily.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Big_Dipper_500.jpg
[source]( http://taotechingdaily.com/wp-
content/uploads/2014/01/Big_Dipper_500.jpg)

First studying astronomy civilization as we know it in the Western world today

is Babylonian. They applied mathematical principles to illustrate the difference
the day along the solar year. Nabonassar during his reign (747-733 BCE) have
made the most progress in the field of astronomy, revealing, among other things
cycle of 18 years of lunar eclipses. Advances in Mesopotamia were the basis of
ancient Greek astronomy, in classical Indian astronomy in Islam, but also from
that of Western Europe.

# The granddaddy of astronomical computer

Egyptians still offers important evidence about the development of astronomy,

since almost 5000 years ago. They built pyramids were aligned after the Pole
Star, the star Thuban in the constellation Draco. Astronomy was important in
terms of Egyptians holidays. Also, the Chinese kept very detailed journals about
astronomical observations they made, from 2600 years ago and lasting until the
eighteenth century when Western astronomy and telescope arrived. The Chinese
were able to predict eclipses with accuracy.

http://idp.bl.uk/4DCGI/education/astronomy/images/cometatlas.jpg
> Silk Atlas of Comets from the Hunan Provincial Museum
Source image taken from Album of Relics of Ancient Chinese
Astronomy, Zhongguo Gudai Tianwen Wenwu Tuji, CASS (Chinese
Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Archaeology), 1980. Beijing

#### The ancient Greeks developed their astronomy as a branch of

mathematics, bringing it to very complex. They had developed since 2400 years
ago a model showing how the planets rotate. Plato and Aristotle were less
interested in the mathematical aspects of astronomy, focusing on philosophy.
Plato described the universe as a spherical body divided into circles, that the
planets revolved around the earth, driven by a "soul of the world", while
Aristotle see the universe as a body composed of concentric spheres;
cosmological model developed by him was dominant in various forms until the
sixteenth century. The first attempt to use a heliocentric system of Aristarchus of
Samos belongs, although only surviving fragments of his description.

Probably the most famous artifact of Greek astronomy is the Antikythera

mechanism, a mechanical astronomical observation. This is the first ancestor of
the astronomical computer, renowned for using a differential, which is believed
to have been invented only in the sixteenth century. Also, the dimensions of the
parts they bring the same level of complexity to that of a clock in the eighteenth
century.

https://static2.playtech.ro/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/mecanismul-
antikythera.jpg
[source](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/NA
MA_Machine_d%27Anticythre_1.jpg/275px-
NAMA_Machine_d%27Anticythre_1.jpg)

> The Antikythera mechanism is one of the oldest mechanisms of designing, most
likely, the first analog computer in history, with an extremely complex design.
After several decades of research, historians have determined that the
mechanism was used to show the position of the Sun and Moon and planetary
motions in the sky. The mechanism could predict solar eclipses and moon.
https://static2.playtech.ro/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/mecanismul-
antikythera-2.jpg
[source]( https://static2.playtech.ro/wp-
content/uploads/2016/12/mecanismul-antikythera-2.jpg )

# Stonehenge

**Chapter** - famous places should be mentioned Stonehenge, one of the most

popular places in the UK. Ensemble stones lasted for about 5,000 years and
played the role of astronomical calendar in prehistoric times still has many
mysteries for scientists.

The road to the stars will materialize only millennia later, but that does not mean
the ancient prehistoric man never dreamed the sky, space travel. Since the
cosmic myth hunters it could get the idea of a man in space, long before the
invention of writing or other sciences.

In fact, astronomy is the oldest of the natural sciences. By the first attempts to fly
in space we should first be away from the ground, and it will take some time.
However, it is to discover the progress made since the medieval period in the
field of astronomy, and we talk about that in the next post.

### Reference
- [The Significance of the Big Dipper](http://taotechingdaily.com/the-
significance-of-the-big-dipper-aka-the-big-clock-in-the-sky/)
- [The Chinese Sky](
http://idp.bl.uk/4DCGI/education/astro
nomy/sky.html)
- [Chinese and Babylonian Observations](http://www.observadores-
cometas.com/Star_of_Bethlehem/English/Chinese.htm)