number AnD AlgebrA Number aNd plaCe value

dividing numbers that are multiples of 10

When we are dividing numbers that are multiples of 10, an equivalent number of zeroes can
be cancelled from both the dividend and the divisor.
The dividend is the quantity to be divided.
The divisor is the number by which the dividend is to be divided.

WorkeD exAmPle 11

Calculate 48 000 600.

Think WriTe

1 Write the question. 48 000 600

2 Write the question as a fraction. 48 000
=
600
3 Cancel as many zeros as possible, crossing off the same 480
number in both numerator and denominator. =
6
4 Perform the division.
= 080
)
6 480
5 Write your answer. 48 000 600 = 80

remember

1. The basis for all multiplication work is to know your multiplication tables up to 12.
2. You should know how to perform both short and long multiplication.
3. Some multiplications can be done mentally using various strategies.
(a) Look for a multiplication pair that will make a multiple of 10, 100, and so on.
(b) To multiply numbers that are multiples of 10, ignore the zeros, perform the
multiplications, and then add the total number of zeros to your answer.
(c) To multiply by a number such as 9, multiply by 10 then subtract the number.
4. Division is the inverse of multiplication.
5. Use short division when dividing by numbers up to 12 (or higher, if you know the
tables for it; for example 13, 15, 20).
6. When dividing numbers that are multiples of 10, write the question as a fraction, cancel
as many zeroes as possible and then divide.
7. Addition and multiplication are commutative and associative.
8. Multiplication is commutative, associative and distributive.
9. Subtraction and division are not commutative, associative or distributive.
eXerCiSe
2C multiplying and dividing positive integers
iNdividual FlueNCy
PAThWAYS
1 Write the answer to each of the following without using a calculator.
eBook plus
a 43 b 95 c 2 11
Activity 2-C-1 d 87 e 12 8 f 10 11
Division bingo g 69 h 12 11 i 98
doc-0281 2 Multiply the following without using a calculator.
Activity 2-C-2 a 13 2 b 15 3 c 25 2
More division bingo
d 3 13 e 25 4 f 45 2
doc-0282
g 16 2 h 35 2 i 14 3

Chapter 2 Positive integers 37

 number AnD AlgebrA Number aNd plaCe value

j 21 3 k 54 2 l 25 3
iNdividual m 346 n 259 o 333
PAThWAYS p 563 q 545 r 852
eBook plus 3 We6 Calculate these using short multiplication.
a 16 8 b 29 4 c 137 9
Activity 2-C-3 d 857 3 e 4920 5 f 15 984 7
Advanced division
bingo
g 7888 8 h 472 4 i 2015 8
doc-0283 j 10 597 6 k 34 005 11 l 41 060 12
Check your answers using a calculator.
4 Calculate these using long multiplication.
a 52 44 b 97 31 c 59 28
d 16 57 e 173 41 f 850 76
g 407 53 h 47 2074 i 80 055 27
j 19 256 340 k 57 835 476 l 8027 215
Check your answers using a calculator.
5 We7 Use mental strategies to calculate each of the following.
a 285 b 2456 c 4 19 25
d 50 45 2 e 2 9 50 f 4 67 250
6 We8 Use mental strategies to calculate each of the following.
a 45 20 b 61 30 c 62 50
d 84 200 e 500 19 f 86 2000
7 Find each of the following.
a 200 40 b 30 700 c 600 800
d 90 80 e 120 400 f 1100 5000
g 900 000 7000 h 120 000 1200 i 800 7000
j 9000 6000 k 4000 110 l 12 000 1100
8 We9 Use mental strategies to calculate each of the following.
a 34 9 b 83 9 c 628 9
d 75 99 e 24 19 f 26 8
9 a Calculate 56 100.
b Calculate 56 10.
c Use your answers to parts a and b to calculate the answer to 56 90.
10 Use the method demonstrated in question 9 to calculate each of the following.
a 48 90 b 74 90 c 125 90
d 32 900 e 45 80 f 72 800
11 a Calculate 25 6.
b Multiply your answer to part a by 2.
c Now calculate 25 12.
d Use the answers to parts a, b and c to describe a method for mentally multiplying
by 12.
12 Use the method that you discovered in question 11 to mentally calculate the value of each of
the following.
a 15 12 b 70 12 c 18 12
d 105 12 e 25 14 f 40 16
g 11 18 h 34 20
13 a What is the value of 9 10?
b What is the value of 9 3?
c Calculate the value of 9 13.
d Use the answers to parts a, b and c above to describe a method for mentally multiplying
by 13.

38 maths Quest 7 for the australian Curriculum

 number AnD AlgebrA Number aNd plaCe value

14 Use the method that you discovered in question 13 to calculate the value eBook plus
of each of the following.
a 25 13 b 30 13 Digital docs
Spreadsheet
c 24 13 d 102 13
Multiplying
15 Evaluate these divisions without using a calculator. There should be no numbers
doc-2087
remainder. Spreadsheet
a 24 6 b 24 8 c 36 9 Tangle tables
d 72 8 e 49 7 f 96 12 doc-2088
g 108 9 h 56 7 i 16 4
j 28 7 k 40 2 l 26 2
m 45 15 n 32 16 o 27 3 3
p 96 8 6 q 48 12 2 r 72 2 9
s 56 7 4 t 100 2 10 u 90 3 2
Check your answers using multiplication.
16 Perform these calculations which involve a combination of multiplication and division. Always
work from left to right.
a 452 b 9 8 12 c 80 10 7
d 45 9 7 e 144 12 7 f 120 10 5
g 4 9 12 h 121 11 4 i 81 9 6
17 We10 Calculate each of the following using short division.
a )
3 1455 b )
4 27 768 c )
7 43 456

d 9) 515 871 e 11) 30 371 f 8) 640 360

g 3) 255 194 h 6) 516 285 i 12)103 717

j 7) 6 328 530 k 5) 465 777 l 8) 480 594

Check your answers using a calculator.
eBook plus
18 We11 Divide these numbers, which are multiples of ten.
a 4200 6 b 700 70 Digital doc
c 210 30 d 720 000 800 Spreadsheet
Dividing numbers
e 8100 900 f 4 000 000 8000
doc-2089
g 600 000 120 h 560 80
i 880 000 1100

unDerSTAnDing

19 John wants to make a telephone call to his friend Rachel who lives in San Francisco. The call
will cost him $3 per minute. If John speaks to Rachel for 24 minutes:
a what will the call cost?
b what would John pay if he made this call every month for 2 years?
20 Chris is buying some generators. The generators cost $12 000 each and she needs 11 of them.
How much will they cost her?
21 Julie was saving money to buy a digital camera.
She was able to save $75 each month.
a How much did she save after 9 months?
b How much did she save over 16 months?
c If Julie continued to save at the same
rate, how much will she save over a
period of 3 years?
22 A car can travel 14 kilometres using 1 litre
of fuel. How far could it travel with 35 litres?

Chapter 2 Positive integers 39