Contents

Transformer Protection Scheme: ................................................................................................................. 3

Relay Setting (Primary of Transformer) .................................................................................................... 5
Relay Setting (Secondary of Transformer) ................................................................................................ 6
Neutral Overcurrent Protection (Sensitive earth Fault Protection) ......................................................... 8
Differential Relay Setting .......................................................................................................................... 9
For high set , ............................................................................................................................. 15
Transformer Protection Scheme:

Transformer Data:
Rated capacity = 73 MVA
HV side rated voltage (at nominal tap) = 110 kV
HV side rated voltage (at lowest tap) = 123.75 kV
HV side rated voltage (at highest tap) = 88 kV
LV side rated voltage = 15 kV
Vector Group = YNyn0 (d5)
Transformer impedance = 30.31% at 73MVA

Full load current:

At HV side-110KV

=
3

73000
=
3 110

110 = 383.1506

At HV side-123.75 KV

75
=
3 123.75

75000
=
3 123.75

123.75 = 340.5783

At HT Side- 88KV

75
88 =
3 88

75000
=
3 88

88 = 478.9383

CT selection is 500:1
AT LT Side-15KV

75
=
3

75000
=
3 15

= 2809.771

Short Circuit Calculation:

% = 30.31

HT:

Nominal Voltage (110KV)

=
% 3

73000
=
30.31% 3 110

= 1264.106

LT:

Secondary Voltage =15KV

=
% 3

73000
=
30.31% 3 15

= 9270.113
Relay Setting (Primary of Transformer)
Our CT ratio on Primary is 500:1
383.1506
Secondary Current = = = 0.766301
500

= = 100% = 1

1264.106
500
= =
1

= 2.53

For this study, we suggest tripping time=1.5sec

For this tripping time. TMS is

(0.02 1)
=
0.14

= 0.2

For I>>,

Keeping in mind transformer inrush current (8 to 12 time),

= 8

= 8 1 = 8( 8 500 = 4000)

= 0

Earth setting,

> 20% = 0.2

Our setting of OC on Transformer Primary is now,

> = =
 = .

= .

= =

> % = .

Relay Setting (Secondary of Transformer)

= 2809.771

CT selection ratio is 4000:1

= = > = 100% = 1

9270.113
= 4000
1

= 2.317528

Our desired trip time is 1.2sec,

For this tripping time, TMS will be,

(0.02 1)
=
0.14

2.3175280.02 1
= 1.2
0.14

= 0.145

FOR I>>,
 = 8

= 0

Earth setting,

We have neutral to ground resistance at secondary of this transformer, NGR is current limiter device.

NGR=5.31 ohms

=
3

1000
= 13.8
3 5.31

= 1500.458

Our CT at Secondary side is 4000:1, we select 10% to 20% of Current of NGR as our >,

For 10%pick up,

= 10%

> = 0.1 1500 = 150

150
> = 0.0375
4000

=

1500
= = 10
150

Desired trip time is 1.4sec,

TMS,

(0.2 1)
=
0.14

100.02 1
= 1.4
0.14

= 0.471285
Our Relay setting at secondary side will be,

> = 1

= 0.145

= 1.2

= 8

= 0

= 0.0375

= 0.471285

Neutral Overcurrent Protection (Sensitive earth Fault Protection)

Our CT at Neutral is 300:1,

We have NGR=5.1ohms

Voltage=13.8KV

1st stage (Bus section Breaker tripping)

= 10%

> = 0.1 1500 = 150

150
> = 0.5
300

> 1.10

2nd stage (13.8KV incomer tripping)

= 10%
 > = 0.1 1500 = 150

150
> = 0.5
300

> 1.40

Differential Relay Setting

Transformer Data:
Rated capacity = 73 MVA
HV side rated voltage (at nominal tap) = 110 kV
HV side rated voltage (at lowest tap) = 123.75 kV
HV side rated voltage (at highest tap) = 88 kV
LV side rated voltage = 15 kV
Vector Group = YNyn0 (d5)
Transformer impedance = 30.31% at 73MVA
At HV side-110KV

=
3

73000
=
3 110

110 = 383.1506

CT Ratio 500:1,

383.1506
110 = = 0.766301
500
At HV side-123.75 KV

75
=
3 123.75

75000
=
3 123.75
 123.75 = 340.5783

CT Ratio is 500:1,

340.5789
123.75 =
500

123.75 = 0.68115

At HT Side- 88KV

75
88 =
3 88

75000
=
3 88

88 = 478.9383

CT selection is 500:1

478.9383
88 =
500

88 = 0.957877

Now we need to find ,

1 1
= 2/(( ) + (( ))
123.75 88

2
=
1 1
( ) + (88)
123.75
= 102.8571

Full load current at this voltage is,

73000
=
(3 102.8571)

= 409.7583

Tap Change Regulation,

123.75
=

 409.7583 340.5783
= 100%
409.7583

= = 16.883%

CT is 500:1,

7583
= 409.
500
= 0.819517

As per tap change regulation, now currents are,

At 123.75KV,

123.75
123.75 =

0.6811
=
0.819517

123.75 = 0.835992

At 88KV,

88
88 =

0.957877
=
0.819517
88 = 1.168722

Differential Current at 88KV,

88 = 88

= 1.168722 1

88 = 0.168722

88 = 0.168722
 88 = 0.168722 0.819517

88 = 0.138271

Restraining current at 88KV,

88 = 88 + 1

= 1.168722 + 1

88 = 2.168722

88 = 2.168722 0.819517

88 = 1.777305

Differential Current at 123.75KV,

123.75 = 123.75

= 0.835992 1

123.75 = 0.164008

123.75 = 0.164008

= 0.164008 0.819517

123.75 = 0.134407

Restraining Current at 123.75KV,

123.75 = 123.75 +

= 0.835992 + 1

123.75 = 1.835992

123.75 = 1.835992

AT LT Side-15KV

75
=
3

75000
=
3 15

= 2809.771

CT Ratio is 4000:1

So,

2809.771
=
4000

= 0.702443

Now observe = 16.883%,88 = 0.132871 and 123.75 = 0.134407 , 110 =

0.766301 ,123.75 = 0.68115 ,88 = 0.957877 , = 0.702443 and taking account CT errors,
magnetization current and relay errors, we select,

>= 0.2

For restraining current,

88 = 1.777305

123.75 = 1.835992

As per definition,

0.2
=
2.5
= 8

1
2
3
.
But,

Voltages are 110KV, 123.75KV and 88KV and our calculated voltage 102.8571KV,

At 88KV, Tap is

88 102.8571
= 100%
88

= 16.8831%

At 123.75KV, Tap is

(123.75 102.8571)
= 100%
123.75

= 16.8831%

So keeping this in mind and adding 5% for CT errors, I took initial slope setting as

= 16.8831 + 16.8831 + 5

1 = 38.7662%

1 = 0

I select slope

= %, and our =

I need to select 2 , I put this situation 2 > , I select = 2.1 now equation is

> 2 (2 1 )2 + 1

0.2 > (2 2) (2 0.4)2.1 + 0

0.2 > 22 2.12 + 0.84

0.2 0.84 > 0.12

2 > 6.4

So our = %, and = .
For high set ,
Transformer Data:
Rated capacity = 73 MVA
HV side rated voltage (at nominal tap) = 110 kV
HV side rated voltage (at lowest tap) = 123.75 kV
HV side rated voltage (at highest tap) = 88 kV
LV side rated voltage = 15 kV
Vector Group = YNyn0 (d5)
Transformer impedance = 30.31% at 73MVA

We take it more than ,

At HV side-110KV

=
3

73000
=
3 110

110 = 383.1506

Remember inrush current will be 8 to 12 times of full load current,

= 8 383.1506

= 4597.807

CT is 500:1,

4597.807
=
500

= 9.19

2nd condition is about short current, we take 130% of short circuit for differential high stage,

130% 383.1506
=
31.31%

= 1643.338

CT is 500:1,
 1643.338
=
500

= 3.2866

I prefer inrush, and my setting will be

= 10