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<h1>
Full text of "<a href="/details/jstor-2455294">Notes</a>"
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<h2 class="pull-right">
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<pre>
STOP

Early Journal Content on JSTOR, Free to Anyone in the World

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No. 478] NOTES AND LITERATURE 743

Pimephales notatus in the Lower Susquehanna. This fish is said


to range from Quebec to Delaware and west in the Mississippi valley,
thus embracing the above-named river basin where, however, I have
not found it recorded before. A number of examples, one a breeding
male, was secured by Mr. Witmer Stone and myself while at York
Furnace, York Co., Pa., during the middle of May. Ahsa sapidis-
sima, Anguilla chrisypa, Brama crysoleucas, Notropis bifrenatus, N .
analostanus, Rhinichthys atronasus, Hybopsis Jcentuckiensis, Ameiu-
rus nebulosus, Fundulus diaphanus, Lepomis auritus, Eupomotis
gihbosus, Perca flavescens, Boleosoma nigrum ohnstedi, Pletliodon
erythronotus, P. glutinosus, Diemyctylus viridescens, D. miniatus,
Desmognathus fuscus, Acris gryllus crepitans, Hyla pickeringii, PL.
versicolor, Rana palustris, R. clamata, R. catesbiana, R. pipiens,
Natrix sipedon, Thamnophis sirtalis, Chrysemys picta, and Terrapene
Carolina were taken, seen, or heard. With the exception of a single
small Exoglossum maxillingua found in Otter Creek, no fishes were
obtained in any of the nearby tributaries, all of which are swift, rocky,
and of rapid descent. Besides the above, Petromyzon marinus, Pomo-
lobus pseudoharengus, Salvelinus fontinalis, Ameiurus catus, Stizo-
stedion vitreum, Roccvs americanus, Morone americamts, and Crypto-
brmichus alleganiensis were reported to occur though we did not see
any examples.

Henry W. Fowler

Notes. Origin of the Vascular Endothelium and of the Blood in


Amphibia. Kati Marcinowski has attacked this vexed problem,
using for his material Siredon and Bufo. His results are summa-
rized as follows (Jen. Zeitschr., vol. 34, 1906) :

The vascular endothelium arises from the mesenchyme and


chiefly and possibly exclusively from the secondary mesenchyme.
The primary mesenchyme which perhaps contributes, is derived from
the ectoderm. No traces were seen of the origin of mesenchyme from
the entoderm.

Vascular and blood formation is localized in two regions which in


position correspond to the site of the dorsal and ventral mesenteries
sclerotomal and medioventral mesoderm regions. Besides the
formation of endothelia from localized anlagen there is also a similar
formation from diffusely appearing wandering cells and in connective
tissue.

In their first appearance the results are either solid at first and at
the first appearance of a lumen are closed to all other cavities or they

744 THE AMERICAN NATURALIST [Vol. XL.

are open and connect with other spaces in the mesenchyme or con-
nective tissue. The differences in method of formation are refer-
able to locally different conditions of development and have no
important morphological value.

The endothelium arises at a time when the blood corpuscles are


in circulation in connection with lacunae, the schizoccele, in the
connective tissue and is to be regarded as arising phylogenetically
from a lacunar system bounded by connective tissue whose physi-
ologically most important and hence earliest differentiated portion
lay in the region of the gut.

The localization of the blood and vascular forming cells in the


region of the mesenteries confirms the view of Lang, founded on
comparative anatomy, that the first differentiation of the intestinal
blood sinus of the Coelomata occurred in the separation of vessels in
the region of the dorsal and ventral mesenteries.

The blood corpuscles are to be regarded as 'swimming mesen-


chyme cells' in Ziegler's sense. They arise in the medio- ventral
mesoderm region.

J. S. K.

BOTANY

Notes. The concluding fascicle (parts 5 to 9) of vol. 8 of the


Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, which
is devoted to an account of the flowering plants by Professor Macloskie,
was issued on February 26th. It brings the total pagination for the
quarto volume up to 982 and the plates to 31; and in addition to the
conclusion of the list of species contains an analysis of orders and
families, a list of collectors, with bibliography, an account of the
topography of the country, and a chapter on the character and origin
of the Patagonian flora.

Vol. 4 of Reiche's Flora de Chile completes the Compositse and


contains correction sheets for the first four volumes.

A third "Contribution to the Flora of the Bahama Islands," by


Britton, is separately issued from vol. 4 of the Bulletin of the New-
York Botanical Garden, under date of March 19.

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