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-LOSAS
Definicin y comportamiento
Las losas de concreto reforzado con elementos estructurales en las que se recargan directamente
las cargas vivas, sus apoyos pueden ser muros, trabes o vigas ahogadas en la losa los cuales se
encargan de transmitir las cargas a las columnas y estos ltimos a la cimentacin. Su espesor es
pequeo comparado con su ancho y resulta econmico hasta 15 cm en lozas macizas para losas
aligeradas, sern de espesor mayor.
CASO N1 CASO N2
Mt2-2<M+1
NOTAS ADICIONALES:
a) losa cuadrada
a) b) c)
-Problema n1
Pmin = 0.7F C bd
Fy
Datos:
Fc = 200kg/cm2
F Y= 4200 kg/cm2
El colado es no monoltico
T=tableros
Solucin:
Pb= 0.05124
EC(2.8) Ps = 0.75 (0.01524)=0.01143
EC(2.17) q=0.01143 (4200/136) =0.35294
EC (2.22)K= 0.9 (136)(0.35294)(1.05(0.35294))=35.57647 Kg/cm2
2.-ANLISIS DE CARGA
4.603.40 4.40
DATOS GENERALES
FORMULA C=C1+(C1-C2)(M1-M2)
M1-M2
Tablero de coeficientes:
TABLERO I
FORMULA
M1-M2
C= 492 ( (492-464) (0.75-0.79) )= 492- ( (28) (.04) ) = 492 ( 1.12 ) C= 492-22.4 = 469.6
C= 482 ( (482-457) (492-469.6) )= 482- ( (25) (22.4) ) = 482 ( 560 ) C= 482-20 = 462
C=273( (273-247) (0-0) )= 273-( (273-247) (0.75-0.79) )= 273(26)(0.04) C=1.04 C= 273-20.8- =252.2
C=157 ( (157-156) (273-252.2) )= 157- ( (1) (20.8) ) = 157 ( 20.8 ) C=157-0.8 = 156.2
C=438 ( (438-412) (0.85-0.88) )= 438- ( (26) (0.03) = 438 0.78 C=438-15.6= 422.4
C=434 ( (434-410) (438-422.4) )= 434- ( (24) (15.6) = 434 374.4 C=434-14.4= 419.6
(438-412) (26) 26
C=223 ( (223-199) (0.85-0.88) )= 223- ( (24) (0.03) = 223 0.72 C=223-14.4= 208.6
C=155 ( (155-154) (223-208.6) )= 155- (1) (20.8) = 155 ( 14.4) C=155-0.6 = 154.4
C=618 ( (618-582) (0.55-0.58) )= 618- ( (36) (0.03) = 618 1.08 C=618-21.6= 596.4
C=553 ( (553-541) (618-596.4) )= 553- ( (12) (21.6) = 553 259.2 C=553-7.2= 596.4
(618-582) (36) 36
C=385 ( (385-354) (0.55-0.58) )= 385- ( (31) (0.03) = 385 0.93 C=385-18.6= 366.4
C=166 ( (166-163) (385-366.4) )= 166- ( (3) (18.6) = 166 55.8 C=166-1.8= 164.2
(385-354) (31) 31
TABLERO IV
TABLERO DE COEFICIENTES
-CALCULO DE MOMENTOS FLEXIONANTES
MF=10- 4 W T a1 2 C
DATOS
TABLERO a1 Wt/kg/m2
I 40 650
II 40 650
III 30 650
IV 30 650
MF=TABLERO I
M1=1X10-4 650 (4.0)2 (252.2)=262.28
M2=1X10-4 650 (4.0)2 (156.2)=162.44
M3=1X10-4 650 (4.0)2 (469.6)=488.38
M4=1X10-4 650 (4.0)2 (462.0)=480.48
MF=TABLERO II
M1=1X10-4 650 (4.0)2 (208.6)=216.94
M2=1X10-4 650 (4.0)2 (154.4)=160.57
M3=1X10-4 650 (4.0)2 (422.4)=439.29
M4=1X10-4 650 (4.0)2 (419.6)=436.38
MF=TABLERO III
M1=1X10-4 650 (3.0)2 (366.4)=214.344
M2=1X10-4 650 (3.0)2 (164.2)=96.057
M3=1X10-4 650 (3.0)2 (596.4)=348.894
M4=1X10-4 650 (3.0)2 (545.80)=319.23
MF=TABLERO IV
M1=1X10-4 650 (3.0)2 (326)=190.71
M2=1X10-4 650 (3.0)2 (161)=94.18
M3=1X10-4 650 (3.0)2 (551)=322.33
M4=1X10-4 650 (3.0)2 (524)=306.54
TABLA DE MOMENTOS FLEXIONANTES
MOMENTOS A DISTRIBUIR
FORMULAS
MD=MM-Mm
a1=4.0 TABLERO I
a1=3.0 TABLERO III
MD= MM-Mm=480.48-319.29=161.19
A11=4.0 TAB. I
A12=4.0 TAB II
MD=MM-Mm=488.38-439.29=49.09
TABLERO III Y IV
348.9 Y 322.33
a1=3.00
a2=3.00
a2 3
TABLERO II Y IV
a1 = 4.0
a2 = 3.0
MD=Mm-mm-436.38-306.54=129.84
MUT3=1.4 (214.34)=300.07
MUT4=1.4 (190.71)=266.99
MUT4=1.4 (94.18)=131.85
=1.09
VU=1.4 [a1-d] [0.45-0.5 a1] wt debido a que hay bordes continuos y discontinuos incrementa el 15%
2 a2
VR= 0.5 FR bd Fc
VR= VU se acepta
5091>1099
CALCULO DE LA SEPARACION DEL ACERO
TABLERO I
MR/bd2=My=1.4(MFx105)=1.4(0.649x105)=11.21kg/cm2
bd2 100(9)2
AS=Pbd=0.0031101 (100)(9)=2.79
MR/bd2= My=1.4(MFx105)=1.4(0.576x105)=9.95kg/cm2
bd2 100(9)2
1.4(0.3676x105)=6.34kg/cm2
100(9)2
1.4(0.227x105)=3.92kg/cm2
100(9)2
*P
0.2712
0.1700
0.1000
AS=pd=0.2712(9)=2.44
0.1700(9)=1.53
0.1000(9)=0.90
Usando varilla n3= as____
ascm2
=2.44=3.43=4.0
0.71
=1.53=2.15=3.0
0.71
=0.90=1.26=2.0
0.71
=100=25
4
=100=33.33
3 = separacin de calculo
=100=50
2
TABLERO II
MR/bd2=My=1.4(MFX105)=1.4(0.649X105)=11.21Kg/cm2
bd2 100(9)2
=1.4(0.533X105)=9.21KG/CM2
100(9)2
=1.4(0.304X105)=5.25KG/CM2
100(9)2
=1.4(0.225X105)=3.88KG/CM2
100(9)2
*P
0.3101
0.2479
0.1389
0.1000
AS= Pd=0.3101(9)=2.79
0.2479(9)=2.23
0.1389(9)=1.25
0.1000(9)=0.90
=2.79=3.92=4.0
0.71
=2.23=3.14=4.0
0.71
=1.25=1.76=2.0
0.71
=0.90=1.26=2.0
0.71
Para una franja de 1.00
=100=25
4
=100=25
4
=separacin de calculo
=100=50
2
=100=50
2
TABLERO III
MR/bd2=My=1.4(MFX105)=1.4(0.470X105)=8.12KG/CM2
bd2 100(9)2
1.4(0.576X105)=9.95KG/CM2
100(9) 2
1.4(0.300X105)=5.18KG/CM2
100(9) 2
1.4(0.134X105)=2.31KG/CM2
100(9) 2
*P
0.2167
0.2712
0.1389
0.1000
AS=Pd=0.2167(9)=1.95
0.2712(9)=2.44
0.1389(9)=1.25
0.1000(9)=0.90
=1.95=2.74=3.0
0.71
=2.44=3.43=4.0
0.71
=1.25=1.76=2.0
0.71
=0.90=1.26=2.0
0.71
=100=33.33
3
=100=25
4
=separacin de calculo
=100=50
2
=100=50
2
TABLERO IV
MR/bd2=My=1.4 (MFX105)=1.4(0.470X105)=8.12KG/CM2
bd2 100(9)2
=1.4(0.533X105)=9.21KG
100(9)2
=1.4(0.267X105)=4.61KG
100(9)2
=1.4(0.132X105)=2.28KG
100(9)2
AS=Pd=0.2167(9)=1.95
0.2479(9)=2.23
0.1233(9)=1.10
0.1000(9)=0.90
=1.95=2.74=3.0
0.71
=2.23=3.14=4.0
0.71
=1,10=1.54=2.0
0.71
=0.90=1.26=2.0
0.71
Para una franja de 1.00
=100=33.33
3
=100=25
4
= separacin de calculo
=100=50
2
=100=50
2