Sa se efectueze calculul dinamic pentru un autoturism

echipat cu motor cu aprindere prin comprimare, cu

puterea maxima de 140kW si turatia maxima de
4100 rot/min.

Pm= 140 kW
nm= 4100 rot/min

Alegerea dimensiunilor autovehiculului

Dimensiuni de gabarit

Lungimea autovehiculului A= 4750 mm

Latimea autovehiculului l= 1842 mm
Inaltimea autovehiculului H= 1439 mm
Ampatamentul L= 2818 mm
Unghiul de atac 1= 16
Unghiul de degajare 2= 14
Ecartament fata B1= 1578 mm
Ecartament spate B2= 1566 mm
Garda la sol (lumina) c= 200 mm

Parametrii de greutate

Greutatea totala Ga=G0+Gu= 2245 kg

Greutatea proprie G0= 1640 kg
Greutatea utila Gu= 605 kg
Coeficientul de utilizare a greutatii G=Gu/G0= 0.368902
Greutatea maxima admisa pe puntea fata G1= 800 kg
Greutatea pe fiecare roata a puntii din fata G1`=G1/2= 400 kg
Greutatea maxima admisa pe puntea spate G2= 1605 kg
Greutatea pe fiecare roata a puntii din spate G2`=G2/4= 401.25 kg

Calculul pozitiei centrului de greutate in plan longitudinal

b=G1*L/Ga= 1004.187 mm
a=G2*L/Ga= 2014.65 mm
a+b= 3018.837 mm

Dimensiunea jantelor: 7J x 16
Alegerea pneurilor:
Se aleg pneuri: 205/55 R16

Balonajul B= 55 mm
Diametrul jentii d=16*24,5= 392 mm
Presiunea de regim p= 1.8 bar
Viteza maxima v max= 220 km/h
R - Constructie radiala
Diametrul exterior al rotii D= 622 mm
Raza statica rs= 284 mm
Raza libera r0=rn=d/2+H= 311 mm
D=d+2*H H=(D-d)/2= 115 mm

rs=d/2+H*(1-K)= 282.25 mm
Coeficientul care ia in K=0,10,16 pentru pneuri conventionale
calcul incarcarea K=0,20,3 pentru pneuri speciale
Se adopta K= 0.25
Raza dinamica r=*rn= 292.34 mm
Coeficientul de deformare
al pneului = 0.94
Calculul dinamic al autovehiculului

Determinarea caracteristicii externe a mototrului

1=(3-4*c)/2*(1-c)= 0.75
2=2*c/2*(1-c)= 1.5
3=-1/2*(1-c)= -1.25

Coeficientul de elasticitate c=nM/nm= 0.6

Verificare 1+2+3= 1
Turatia la moment maxim nM=c*nm= 2460
Coeficientul de adaptabilitate k=MM/Mm= 1.2

Pe=Pm*[(1*ne/nm)+(2*(ne/nm)^2)+(3*(ne/nm)^3)]

Me=Mm*[1+(2*ne/nm)+(3*(ne/nm)^2)]

Pm=Mm*m Mm=Pm/m= 326.07354

m=2**nm/60= 429.351

MM=Mm*[1+(2*nM/nm)+(3*(nM/nm)^2)]= 391.28825

ce=c min*MM/Me

Consumul specific minim c min=270340 g/kWh pentru m.a.c.

Se adopta c min= 320 g/kWh

Ce=Pe*ce/1000

Determinarea Caracteristicii externe

n [rot/min] Pe [kW] Me [Nm] ce [g/kWh] Ce [kg/h]

1000 35.563181 339.60336 92.1753534 32.780488
1100 39.90714 346.44101 90.356103 36.058537
1200 44.333367 352.79373 88.7290722 39.336585
1300 48.826628 358.6615 87.2774473 42.614634
1400 53.371686 364.04433 85.9869455 45.892683
1500 57.953309 368.94222 84.8454259 49.170732
1600 62.55626 373.35518 83.842577 52.44878
1700 67.165305 377.28319 82.9696658 55.726829
1800 71.765209 380.72626 82.2193351 59.004878
1900 76.340738 383.68439 81.5854398 62.282927
2000 80.876656 386.15759 81.062916 65.560976
2100 85.357728 388.14584 80.6476762 68.839024
2200 89.768721 389.64915 80.3365277 72.117073
2300 94.094398 390.66753 80.1271102 75.395122
2400 98.319525 391.20096 80.0178505 78.673171
2460 100.8 391.28825 80 80.64
2500 102.42887 391.24946 80.0079326 81.95122
2600 106.40719 390.81301 80.0972825 85.229268
2700 110.23926 389.89162 80.2865672 88.507317
2800 113.90984 388.4853 80.5772063 91.785366
2900 117.40369 386.59403 80.9713999 95.063415
3000 120.70559 384.21783 81.4721696 98.341463
3100 123.80029 381.35668 82.0834181 101.61951
3200 126.67257 378.0106 82.8100064 104.89756
3300 129.30718 374.17957 83.6578538 108.17561
3400 131.68889 369.86361 84.6340632 111.45366
3500 133.80247 365.0627 85.7470776 114.73171
3600 135.63268 359.77686 87.0068742 118.00976
3700 137.16429 354.00608 88.4252055 121.2878
3800 138.38206 347.75035 90.0158974 124.56585
3900 139.27076 341.00969 91.7952218 127.8439
4000 139.81515 333.78409 93.7823623 131.12195
4100 140 326.07354 96 134.4
4200 0 0 150 45
 Caracteristica externa

Me [Nm] ce [g/kWh] Ce [kg/h] Pe [kW]

450 160

400
140

350
120

300
100

250

80

200

60

150

40
100

20
50

0 0
1100

1300

1500

1700

1900

2500

2900

3300

3500

3700

4100
900

2100

2300

2700

3100

3900

turatia rpm
Determinarea vitezei maxime

v max= (((B/2)+(((B/2)^2)+((A/3)^3))^(1/2)))^(1/3))-(((-B/2)+(((B/2)^2)+((A/3)^3))^(1/2))^(1/3))
v max= 42.18452 m/s
v max= 151.8643 km/h

A= (Ga*f)/(K*S)= 290.9637
B= ( tr*Pv max)/(K*S)= 87342.96

Coeficientul de rezistenta la rulare f= 0.018

Coeficientul de rezistenta al aerului K= 1/2**cx= 0.6
Densitatea aerului
Coeficient de forma al automobilului cx
Randamentul transmisiei tr= 0,850,95
Se adopta tr= 0.85
Suprafata frontala a autovehiculului S= B1*H= 2.270742 m^2
Puterea la viteza maxima Pv max= Pm= 140000 W

Determinarea raportului de transmitere al transmisiei principale (reductorul central)

i 0= (*r*nm)/(30*i CVmax*i CDn*v max)= 2.975327

Raportul de transmitere din cutia de viteze i CVmax= 1

Raportul de transmitere din cutia de distributie i CDn= 1

Determinarea rapoartelor de transmitere din cutia de viteze

Determinarea raportului de transmitere din treapta I

Raport din conditia de invingere a rezistentelor maxime la inaintare

(Ga* max*r)/(MM* tr*i 0)= 1.467253

Coeficientul maxim al rezistentei totale a drumului

max= f*cos( max)+sin( max)= 0.225518
Unghiul care caracterizeaza rampa maxima pe care o poate urca autovehiculul
max= 1216 Se adopta max= 12

Raport din conditia de aderenta

(mm*Gm**r)/(MM* tr*i 0)= 4.093214

Coeficientul schimbarii dinamice a

reactiunilor la puntea motoare mm= 1.1
Greutatea pe puntea motoare Gm= 15745.05 N
Coeficientul de aderenta
= 0,20,8 Se adopta = 0.8

Raportul de transmitere din treapta I: i KI, se alege in intervalul cuprins de

raportul de invingere a rezistentelor maxime la inaintare si raportul de aderenta
(Ga* max*r)/(MM* tr*i 0)<=i KI<=(mm*Gm**r)/(MM* tr*i 0)

1.467253 <=i KI<= 4.093214

Se adopta i KI= 3

Se adopta numarul de 5 trepte in cutia de viteze a autofurgonului

Calculul ratiei progresiei geometrice

q= (i KI)^(1/(n-1))= 1.316074
n= 5 nr de trepte de viteza

Calculul rapoartelor de transmitere pentru fiecare treapta de viteza

1 i KI= 3
2 i KII= (1/q)*i KI= 2.279507
3 i KIII= (1/(q^2)*i KI= 1.732051
4 i KIV= (1/(q^3)*i KI= 1.316074
5 i KV= (1/(q^4)*i KI= 1
Diagrama vitezelor (diagrama fierastrau)

n min= nm/q= 3115.3263 rot/min

v1 min= (*r*n min)/(30*i 0*i KI)= 10.68444 m/s

v1 max= (*r*nm)/(30*i 0*i KI)= 14.06151 m/s
v2 min= (*r*n min)/(30*i 0*i KII)= 14.06151 m/s
v2 max= (*r*nm)/(30*i 0*i KII)= 18.50599 m/s
v3 min= (*r*n min)/(30*i 0*i KIII)= 18.50599 m/s
v3 max= (*r*nm)/(30*i 0*i KIII)= 24.35525 m/s
v4 min= (*r*n min)/(30*i 0*i KIV)= 24.35525 m/s
v4 max= (*r*nm)/(30*i 0*i KIV)= 32.05331 m/s
v5 min= (*r*n min)/(30*i 0*i KV)= 32.05331 m/s
v5 max= (*r*nm)/(30*i 0*i KV)= 42.18452 m/s

n [rot/min] Pe [kW] Me [Nm] v1 [m/s] v2 [m/s] v3 [m/s] v4 [m/s] v5 [m/s]

1000 17.7815905167 56.600561 3.429636
1100 19.9535700295 57.740169 3.7726
1200 22.1666835943 58.798954 4.115563
1300 24.4133137941 59.776916 4.458527
1400 26.6858432118 60.674055 4.801491
1500 28.9766544304 61.49037 5.144454
1600 31.2781300329 62.225863 5.487418
1700 33.5826526023 62.880531 5.830381
1800 35.8826047213 63.454377 6.173345
1900 38.1703689732 63.947399 6.516309
2000 40.4383279407 64.359598 6.859272
2100 42.6788642068 64.690973 7.202236
2200 44.8843603546 64.941526 7.545199
2300 47.0471989669 65.111255 7.888163
2400 49.1597626268 65.20016 8.231127
2500 51.2144339171 65.208243 8.57409
2600 53.2035954208 65.135502 8.917054
2700 55.119629721 64.981937 9.260017
2800 56.9549194005 64.74755 9.602981
2900 58.7018470423 64.432339 9.945945
3000 60.3527952293 64.036305 10.28891
3100 61.9001465446 63.559447 10.63187
3115.326 62.1276597172 63.47922 10.68444 14.06151 18.50599 24.35525 32.05331
3200 63.336283571 63.001766 10.97484 14.4437 19.00897 25.01721 32.92451
3300 64.6535888916 62.363262 11.3178 14.89506 19.603 25.799 33.9534
3400 65.8444450893 61.643935 11.66076 15.34643 20.19703 26.58079 34.98229
3500 66.901234747 60.843784 12.00373 15.79779 20.79106 27.36258 36.01118
3600 67.8163404478 59.96281 12.34669 16.24916 21.38509 28.14437 37.04007
3700 68.5821447745 59.001013 12.68965 16.70052 21.97912 28.92615 38.06896
3800 69.1910303101 57.958392 13.03262 17.15189 22.57316 29.70794 39.09785
3900 69.6353796376 56.834948 13.37558 17.60325 23.16719 30.48973 40.12674
4000 69.9075753399 55.630681 13.71854 18.05462 23.76122 31.27152 41.15563
4100 70 54.34559 14.06151 18.50599 24.35525 32.05331 42.18452
 1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3115.326 10.68444 14.06151 18.50599 24.35525 32.05331
3200 10.97484 14.06151 18.50599 24.35525 32.05331
3300 11.3178 14.06151 18.50599 24.35525 32.05331
3400 11.66076 14.06151 18.50599 24.35525 32.05331
3500 12.00373 14.06151 18.50599 24.35525 32.05331
3600 12.34669 14.06151 18.50599 24.35525 32.05331
3700 12.68965 14.06151 18.50599 24.35525 32.05331
3800 13.03262 14.06151 18.50599 24.35525 32.05331
3900 13.37558 14.06151 18.50599 24.35525 32.05331
4000 13.71854 14.06151 18.50599 24.35525 32.05331
4100 14.06151 14.06151 18.50599 24.35525 32.05331
 Pe[KW],Me[Nm],v1...v5[m/s]

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
Pe [kW]

1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
Me [Nm]

2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
v1 [m/s]

2500

turatia rpm
2600
Diagrama vitezelor

2700
2800
2900
v2 [m/s]

3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
v3 [m/s]

3500
3600
3700
3800
3900
v4 [m/s]

4000
v5 [m/s]
Caracteristica de tractiune

FR= (Me*i 0*i Ki* tr)/r

Caracteristica dinamica

D= (FR-K*S*v^2)/Ga

Variatia acceleratiei

a= (g*(D-f))/i
i= 1+0,06*i Ki

1= 1+0,06*i KI= 1.18

2= 1+0,06*i KII= 1.13677
3= 1+0,06*i KIII= 1.103923
4= 1+0,06*i KIV= 1.078964
5= 1+0,06*i KV= 1.06

Inversul acceleratiei

1/a

Treapta I

n [rot/min] Me [Nm] v1 [m/s] FR1 [N] D1 a1 [m/s^2] 1/a1 [1/(m/s^2)]

1000 339.60336 3.429636 8813.708 0.399469 3.171364102 0.3153217252
1100 346.44101 3.7726 8991.166 0.407374 3.237081453 0.3089202464
1200 352.79373 4.115563 9156.037 0.414693 3.297926911 0.303220789
1300 358.6615 4.458527 9308.323 0.421425 3.353900476 0.2981603083
1400 364.04433 4.801491 9448.024 0.427572 3.405002149 0.2936855709
1500 368.94222 5.144454 9575.138 0.433133 3.451231929 0.2897516077
1600 373.35518 5.487418 9689.667 0.438108 3.492589816 0.2863204821
1700 377.28319 5.830381 9791.611 0.442496 3.529075811 0.2833603055
1800 380.72626 6.173345 9880.969 0.446299 3.560689913 0.2808444499
1900 383.68439 6.516309 9957.741 0.449516 3.587432122 0.2787509187
2000 386.15759 6.859272 10021.93 0.452146 3.609302439 0.2770618469
2100 388.14584 7.202236 10073.53 0.454191 3.626300864 0.2757631089
2200 389.64915 7.545199 10112.54 0.45565 3.638427395 0.2748440168
2300 390.66753 7.888163 10138.97 0.456522 3.645682034 0.2742970974
2400 391.20096 8.231127 10152.82 0.456809 3.648064781 0.2741179393
2500 391.24946 8.57409 10154.08 0.45651 3.645575635 0.274305103
2600 390.81301 8.917054 10142.75 0.455624 3.638214596 0.2748600924
2700 389.89162 9.260017 10118.84 0.454153 3.625981664 0.2757873846
2800 388.4853 9.602981 10082.34 0.452095 3.60887684 0.2770945212
2900 386.59403 9.945945 10033.25 0.449452 3.586900124 0.2787922623
3000 384.21783 10.28891 9971.585 0.446222 3.560051514 0.2808948118
3100 381.35668 10.63187 9897.33 0.442407 3.528331013 0.2834201203
3115.326 380.87532 10.68444 9884.837 0.44177 3.52303887 0.2838458606
3200 378.0106 10.97484 9810.489 0.438005 3.491738618 0.2863902799
3300 374.17957 11.3178 9711.063 0.433018 3.450274331 0.2898320261
3400 369.86361 11.66076 9599.051 0.427444 3.403938151 0.2937773707
3500 365.0627 12.00373 9474.453 0.421285 3.352730079 0.2982643924
3600 359.77686 12.34669 9337.27 0.414539 3.296650114 0.3033382268
 3700 354.00608 12.68965 9187.501 0.407207 3.235698256 0.3090523036
3800 347.75035 13.03262 9025.147 0.39929 3.169874506 0.3154699021
3900 341.00969 13.37558 8850.207 0.390786 3.099178863 0.3226661139
4000 333.78409 13.71854 8662.681 0.381696 3.023611328 0.3307303392
4100 326.07354 14.06151 8462.57 0.372021 2.9431719 0.3397694848

Treapta a II-a

n [rot/min] Me [Nm] v2 [m/s] FR2 [N] D2 a2 [m/s^2] 1/a2 [1/(m/s^2)]

1000 339.60336 4.513655 6696.97 0.302823 2.457942368 0.4068443642
1100 346.44101 4.96502 6831.808 0.308681 2.508493624 0.3986456216
1200 352.79373 5.416386 6957.084 0.314079 2.555080166 0.3913771526
1300 358.6615 5.867751 7072.796 0.319018 2.597701994 0.384955627
1400 364.04433 6.319117 7178.945 0.323498 2.636359109 0.3793109962
1500 368.94222 6.770482 7275.532 0.327518 2.67105151 0.3743843937
1600 373.35518 7.221848 7362.555 0.331079 2.701779197 0.3701264711
1700 377.28319 7.673213 7440.015 0.33418 2.728542171 0.3664960764
1800 380.72626 8.124579 7507.913 0.336822 2.751340431 0.3634592029
1900 383.68439 8.575944 7566.247 0.339004 2.770173977 0.3609881575
2000 386.15759 9.02731 7615.018 0.340727 2.78504281 0.3590609079
2100 388.14584 9.478675 7654.227 0.341991 2.795946929 0.3576605799
2200 389.64915 9.930041 7683.872 0.342795 2.802886335 0.3567750813
2300 390.66753 10.38141 7703.954 0.34314 2.805861026 0.3563968388
2400 391.20096 10.83277 7714.474 0.343025 2.804871004 0.3565226345
2500 391.24946 11.28414 7715.43 0.342451 2.799916269 0.3571535374
2600 390.81301 11.7355 7706.823 0.341417 2.79099682 0.3582949264
2700 389.89162 12.18687 7688.653 0.339924 2.778112657 0.3599566049
2800 388.4853 12.63823 7660.921 0.337972 2.76126378 0.3621530138
2900 386.59403 13.0896 7623.625 0.33556 2.74045019 0.3649035489
3000 384.21783 13.54096 7576.766 0.332689 2.715671886 0.3682329979
3100 381.35668 13.99233 7520.345 0.329358 2.686928869 0.372172115
3115.326 380.87532 14.06151 7510.852 0.328807 2.682173238 0.3728319953
3200 378.0106 14.4437 7454.36 0.325568 2.654221138 0.3767583589
3300 374.17957 14.89506 7378.812 0.321318 2.617548693 0.3820368281
3400 369.86361 15.34643 7293.701 0.316609 2.576911534 0.3880614397
3500 365.0627 15.79779 7199.028 0.311441 2.532309662 0.3948964121
3600 359.77686 16.24916 7094.791 0.305813 2.483743076 0.4026181329
3700 354.00608 16.70052 6980.991 0.299726 2.431211777 0.4113175205
3800 347.75035 17.15189 6857.629 0.293179 2.374715764 0.4211030285
3900 341.00969 17.60325 6724.703 0.286173 2.314255037 0.4321044932
4000 333.78409 18.05462 6582.214 0.278707 2.249829597 0.4444781069
4100 326.07354 18.50599 6430.162 0.270782 2.181439443 0.4584129086

Treapta a III-a

n [rot/min] Me [Nm] v3 [m/s] FR3 [N] D3 a3 [m/s^2] 1/a3 [1/(m/s^2)]

1000 339.60336 5.940304 5088.597 0.228871 1.87389918 0.5336466395
1100 346.44101 6.534334 5191.052 0.233064 1.9111660778 0.5232407647
1200 352.79373 7.128365 5286.241 0.236884 1.945113029 0.5141089412
1300 358.6615 7.722395 5374.163 0.240331 1.975740034 0.506139463
1400 364.04433 8.316426 5454.819 0.243404 2.003047093 0.4992393856
1500 368.94222 8.910456 5528.209 0.246103 2.027034204 0.4933315865
1600 373.35518 9.504486 5594.332 0.248429 2.047701369 0.4883524595
1700 377.28319 10.09852 5653.189 0.250381 2.065048588 0.4842501072
 1800 380.72626 10.69255 5704.78 0.251959 2.079075859 0.4809829307
1900 383.68439 11.28658 5749.104 0.253164 2.089783184 0.4785185408
2000 386.15759 11.88061 5786.163 0.253995 2.097170563 0.4768329375
2100 388.14584 12.47464 5815.955 0.254453 2.101237995 0.4759099172
2200 389.64915 13.06867 5838.48 0.254537 2.10198548 0.4757406793
2300 390.66753 13.6627 5853.739 0.254248 2.099413018 0.4763236159
2400 391.20096 14.25673 5861.732 0.253585 2.09352061 0.4776642729
2500 391.24946 14.85076 5862.459 0.252548 2.084308255 0.4797754831
2600 390.81301 15.44479 5855.919 0.251138 2.071775953 0.4826776748
2700 389.89162 16.03882 5842.113 0.249354 2.055923705 0.4863993724
2800 388.4853 16.63285 5821.041 0.247196 2.03675151 0.4909779101
2900 386.59403 17.22688 5792.702 0.244665 2.014259369 0.496460394
3000 384.21783 17.82091 5757.097 0.241761 1.988447281 0.5029049599
3100 381.35668 18.41494 5714.226 0.238482 1.959315246 0.510382391
3115.326 380.87532 18.50599 5707.013 0.237947 1.954556975 0.5116248914
3200 378.0106 19.00897 5664.089 0.234831 1.926863264 0.5189781851
3300 374.17957 19.603 5606.685 0.230805 1.891091336 0.5287951887
3400 369.86361 20.19703 5542.015 0.226406 1.851999462 0.5399569604
3500 365.0627 20.79106 5470.078 0.221634 1.80958764 0.5526120857
3600 359.77686 21.38509 5390.875 0.216487 1.763855872 0.566939746
3700 354.00608 21.97912 5304.406 0.210968 1.714804157 0.583156972
3800 347.75035 22.57316 5210.671 0.205074 1.662432496 0.6015281838
3900 341.00969 23.16719 5109.669 0.198807 1.606740888 0.6223778878
4000 333.78409 23.76122 5001.401 0.192167 1.547729333 0.6461078036
4100 326.07354 24.35525 4885.867 0.185152 1.485397832 0.6732203175

Treapta a IV-a

n [rot/min] Me [Nm] v4 [m/s] FR4 [N] D4 a4 [m/s^2] 1/a4 [1/(m/s^2)]

1000 339.60336 7.81788 3866.498 0.171782 1.398191188 0.7152097713
1100 346.44101 8.599668 3944.346 0.174523 1.423110695 0.7026860267
1200 352.79373 9.381456 4016.674 0.176937 1.445063308 0.6920112041
1300 358.6615 10.16324 4083.481 0.179025 1.464049027 0.6830372354
1400 364.04433 10.94503 4144.766 0.180787 1.480067852 0.6756447002
1500 368.94222 11.72682 4200.53 0.182223 1.493119782 0.6697386317
1600 373.35518 12.50861 4250.773 0.183332 1.503204819 0.6652453395
1700 377.28319 13.2904 4295.495 0.184115 1.510322961 0.6621100426
1800 380.72626 14.07218 4334.695 0.184571 1.514474209 0.6602951665
1900 383.68439 14.85397 4368.375 0.184701 1.515658563 0.6597792039
2000 386.15759 15.63576 4396.533 0.184505 1.513876023 0.6605560726
2100 388.14584 16.41755 4419.17 0.183983 1.509126588 0.6626349358
2200 389.64915 17.19934 4436.286 0.183134 1.50141026 0.6660404732
2300 390.66753 17.98112 4447.88 0.181959 1.490727037 0.6708136198
2400 391.20096 18.76291 4453.953 0.180458 1.47707692 0.6770128124
2500 391.24946 19.5447 4454.505 0.17863 1.460459909 0.684715817
2600 390.81301 20.32649 4449.536 0.176476 1.440876004 0.6940222455
2700 389.89162 21.10828 4439.046 0.173996 1.418325205 0.7050569196
2800 388.4853 21.89006 4423.035 0.17119 1.392807512 0.7179743013
2900 386.59403 22.67185 4401.502 0.168057 1.364322924 0.7329643022
3000 384.21783 23.45364 4374.448 0.164597 1.332871442 0.7502599037
3100 381.35668 24.23543 4341.873 0.160812 1.298453067 0.770147205
3115.326 380.87532 24.35525 4336.392 0.160203 1.292915796 0.7734455741
3200 378.0106 25.01721 4303.777 0.1567 1.261067797 0.7929787778
3300 374.17957 25.799 4260.159 0.152262 1.220715632 0.8191916065
 3400 369.86361 26.58079 4211.02 0.147497 1.177396574 0.8493315014
3500 365.0627 27.36258 4156.361 0.142407 1.1311106216 0.8840868266
3600 359.77686 28.14437 4096.18 0.136989 1.081857775 0.9243359183
3700 354.00608 28.92615 4030.477 0.131246 1.029638034 0.9712150937
3800 347.75035 29.70794 3959.254 0.125176 0.974451399 1.0262184452
3900 341.00969 30.48973 3882.509 0.11878 0.91629787 1.0913481656
4000 333.78409 31.27152 3800.243 0.112058 0.855177447 1.1693479562
4100 326.07354 32.05331 3712.456 0.105009 0.79109013 1.2640784688

Treapta a V-a

n [rot/min] Me [Nm] v5 [m/s] FR5 [N] D5 a5 [m/s^2] 1/a5 [1/(m/s^2)]

1000 339.60336 10.28891 2937.903 0.12685 1.007374886 0.9926791045
1100 346.44101 11.3178 2997.055 0.12816 1.019504131 0.9808690026
1200 352.79373 12.34669 3052.012 0.12915 1.028658286 0.9721401297
1300 358.6615 13.37558 3102.774 0.129817 1.034837353 0.9663354315
1400 364.04433 14.40447 3149.341 0.130163 1.03804133 0.9633527788
1500 368.94222 15.43336 3191.713 0.130188 1.038270219 0.9631404062
1600 373.35518 16.46225 3229.889 0.129891 1.035524018 0.9656946463
1700 377.28319 17.49114 3263.87 0.129273 1.029802728 0.97105977
1800 380.72626 18.52003 3293.656 0.128334 1.021106349 0.9793299212
1900 383.68439 19.54893 3319.247 0.127072 1.009434881 0.9906533044
2000 386.15759 20.57782 3340.643 0.12549 0.994788323 1.0052389805
2100 388.14584 21.60671 3357.843 0.123586 0.977166677 1.0233668662
2200 389.64915 22.6356 3370.848 0.12136 0.956569942 1.045401864
2300 390.66753 23.66449 3379.658 0.118813 0.932998117 1.0718135243
2400 391.20096 24.69338 3384.273 0.115945 0.906451203 1.1032033454
2500 391.24946 25.72227 3384.692 0.112755 0.876929201 1.140342914
2600 390.81301 26.75116 3380.917 0.109243 0.844432109 1.1842278255
2700 389.89162 27.78005 3372.946 0.105411 0.808959928 1.2361551735
2800 388.4853 28.80894 3360.78 0.101256 0.770512658 1.2978372125
2900 386.59403 29.83783 3344.418 0.09678 0.729090299 1.3715722207
3115.326 380.87532 32.05331 3294.946 0.086051 0.629796923 1.58781341
3000 384.21783 30.86672 3323.862 0.091983 0.68469285 1.4605088974
3100 381.35668 31.89562 3299.11 0.086864 0.637320313 1.5690697119
3200 378.0106 32.92451 3270.163 0.081424 0.586972687 1.7036567848
3300 374.17957 33.9534 3237.021 0.075662 0.533649971 1.873887481
3400 369.86361 34.98229 3199.684 0.069579 0.477352166 2.0948894137
3500 365.0627 36.01118 3158.151 0.063175 0.418079273 2.3918908816
3600 359.77686 37.04007 3112.423 0.056449 0.35583129 2.8103205893
3700 354.00608 38.06896 3062.5 0.049401 0.290608218 3.4410589194
3800 347.75035 39.09785 3008.382 0.042032 0.222410057 4.4961995628
3900 341.00969 40.12674 2950.069 0.034342 0.151236807 6.6121470191
4000 333.78409 41.15563 2887.56 0.02633 0.077088467
4100 326.07354 42.18452 2820.857 0.017996 0
 Caracteristica de tractiune

FR1 [N] FR2 [N] FR3 [N] FR4 [N]

FR5 [N]

12000

10000

8000
FR

6000

4000

2000

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
viteza [m/s]
 Caracteristica dinamica

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5

0.5

0.45

0.4

0.35

0.3
D

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
viteza [m/s]
 Acceleratia

a1 [m/s^2] a2 [m/s^2] a3 [m/s^2] a4 [m/s^2] a5 [m/s^2]

3.5

2.5
a[m/s^2]

1.5

0.5

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
viteza [m/s]
 Inversul acceleratiei

1/a1 [1/(m/s^2)] 1/a2 [1/(m/s^2)] 1/a3 [1/(m/s^2)] 1/a4 [1/(m/s^2)] 1/a5 [1/(m/s^2)]

3.5

2.5
1/a

1.5

0.5

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
viteza [m/s]
Bilantul de putere

Acesta reprezinta echilibrul dintre puterea la roata PR si suma puterilor necesare

invingerii rezistentelor la inaintare si se determina cu relatia :

PR= Pe* tr= Pr+Pp+Pa+Pd=vi*(Ga*f*cos+Gasin+K*S*vi^2+*Ga*aa)

Pr = puterea consumata pentru invingerea rezistentelor la rulare

Pp = puterea necesara invingerii rezistentei la urcarea pantei
Pa = puterea necesara invingerii rezistentei aerului
Pd = puterea necesara invingerii rezistentei la demarare

PR= Pe* tr
Pp+r+a= (vi*(Ga*+K*S*vi^2))/1000
= f*cos+sin

1= 0.225518 = 12
2= 0.191375 = 10
3= 0.105087 = 5
5= 0.018 = 0

=12 =10
Pe [kW] v1 [m/s] PR1 [kW] P1p+r+a [kW] v2 [m/s] PR2 [kW] P2p+r+a [kW] v3 [m/s]
35.56318 3.429636 30.228703878 17.088908411 4.513655 30.2287 19.149130164 5.940304
39.90714 3.7726 33.92106905 18.810495493 4.96502 33.92107 21.092984351 6.534334
44.33337 4.115563 37.68336211 20.535710072 5.416386 37.68336 23.045107443 7.128365
48.82663 4.458527 41.50263345 22.264881921 5.867751 41.50263 25.00625116 7.722395
53.37169 4.801491 45.36593346 23.998340813 6.319117 45.36593 26.97716722 8.316426
57.95331 5.144454 49.260312532 25.736416519 6.770482 49.26031 28.958607342 8.910456
62.55626 5.487418 53.172821056 27.479438812 7.221848 53.17282 30.951323245 9.504486
67.16531 5.830381 57.090509424 29.227737465 7.673213 57.09051 32.956066646 10.09852
71.76521 6.173345 61.000428026 30.98164225 8.124579 61.00043 34.973589266 10.69255
76.34074 6.516309 64.889627254 32.74148294 8.575944 64.88963 37.004642823 11.28658
80.87666 6.859272 68.745157499 34.507589308 9.02731 68.74516 39.049979035 11.88061
85.35773 7.202236 72.554069152 36.280291125 9.478675 72.55407 41.110349621 12.47464
89.76872 7.545199 76.303412603 38.059918164 9.930041 76.30341 43.1865063 13.06867
94.0944 7.888163 79.980238244 39.846800198 10.38141 79.98024 45.27920079 13.6627
98.31953 8.231127 83.571596466 41.641266999 10.83277 83.5716 47.389184811 14.25673
102.4289 8.57409 87.064537659 43.443648339 11.28414 87.06454 49.517210081 14.85076
106.4072 8.917054 90.446112215 45.254273992 11.7355 90.44611 51.664028318 15.44479
110.2393 9.260017 93.703370526 47.073473729 12.18687 93.70337 53.830391242 16.03882
113.9098 9.602981 96.823362981 48.901577324 12.63823 96.82336 56.017050571 16.63285
117.4037 9.945945 99.793139972 50.738914548 13.0896 99.79314 58.224758023 17.22688
120.7056 10.28891 102.59975189 52.585815174 13.54096 102.5998 60.454265318 17.82091
123.8003 10.63187 105.23024913 54.442608974 13.99233 105.2302 62.706324175 18.41494
124.2553 10.68444 105.61702152 54.728082211 14.06151 105.617 63.053522431 18.50599
126.6726 10.97484 107.67168207 56.309625722 14.4437 107.6717 64.981686311 19.00897
129.3072 11.3178 109.91110112 58.187195189 14.89506 109.9111 67.281103445 19.603
131.6889 11.66076 111.93555665 60.075647148 15.34643 111.9356 69.605327298 20.19703
133.8025 12.00373 113.73209907 61.975311372 15.79779 113.7321 71.955109586 20.79106
135.6327 12.34669 115.28777876 63.886517632 16.24916 115.2878 74.331202028 21.38509
137.1643 12.68965 116.58964612 65.809595702 16.70052 116.5896 76.734356345 21.97912
138.3821 13.03262 117.62475153 67.744875354 17.15189 117.6248 79.165324253 22.57316
139.2708 13.37558 118.38014538 69.692686361 17.60325 118.3801 81.624857472 23.16719
139.8152 13.71854 118.84287808 71.653358494 18.05462 118.8429 84.113707721 23.76122
140 14.06151 119 73.627221527 18.50599 119 86.632626718 24.35525
 =5 =0
PR3 [kW] P3p+r+a [kW] v4 [m/s] PR4 [kW] P4p+r+a [kW] v5 [m/s] PR5 [kW] P5p+r+a [kW]
30.2287 14.033734239 7.81788 30.2287 3.7501877757 10.28891 30.22870388 5.5627268091
33.92107 15.503079264 8.599668 33.92107 4.2755892849 11.3178 33.92106905 6.461797988
37.68336 16.991273319 9.381456 37.68336 4.8439572889 12.34669 37.68336211 7.4588115949
41.50263 18.500029951 10.16324 41.50263 5.4591978325 13.37558 41.50263345 8.5626714869
45.36593 20.031062708 10.94503 45.36593 6.1252169609 14.40447 45.36593346 9.7822815211
49.26031 21.586085138 11.72682 49.26031 6.845920719 15.43336 49.26031253 11.126545555
53.17282 23.16681079 12.50861 53.17282 7.6252151518 16.46225 53.17282106 12.604367444
57.09051 24.774953211 13.2904 57.09051 8.4670063041 17.49114 57.09050942 14.224651048
61.00043 26.41222595 14.07218 61.00043 9.3752002211 18.52003 61.00042803 15.996300221
64.88963 28.080342555 14.85397 64.88963 10.353702948 19.54893 64.88962725 17.928218823
68.74516 29.781016574 15.63576 68.74516 11.406420529 20.57782 68.7451575 20.029310709
72.55407 31.515961554 16.41755 72.55407 12.53725901 21.60671 72.55406915 22.308479737
76.30341 33.286891044 17.19934 76.30341 13.750124435 22.6356 76.3034126 24.774629764
79.98024 35.095518593 17.98112 79.98024 15.04892285 23.66449 79.98023824 27.436664647
83.5716 36.943557748 18.76291 83.5716 16.437560299 24.69338 83.57159647 30.303488243
87.06454 38.832722057 19.5447 87.06454 17.919942828 25.72227 87.06453766 33.384004409
90.44611 40.764725068 20.32649 90.44611 19.499976481 26.75116 90.44611222 36.687117003
93.70337 42.741280331 21.10828 93.70337 21.181567303 27.78005 93.70337053 40.221729881
96.82336 44.764101391 21.89006 96.82336 22.96862134 28.80894 96.82336298 43.9967469
99.79314 46.834901798 22.67185 99.79314 24.865044636 29.83783 99.79313997 48.021071918
102.5998 48.955395101 23.45364 102.5998 26.874743237 32.05331 102.5997519 57.574726795
105.2302 51.127294845 24.23543 105.2302 29.001623187 30.86672 105.2302491 52.303608791
105.617 51.464818767 24.35525 105.617 29.338199256 31.89562 105.6170215 56.853261378
107.6717 53.352314581 25.01721 107.6717 31.249590531 32.92451 107.6716821 61.678933534
109.9111 55.632167856 25.799 109.9111 33.622551315 33.9534 109.9111011 66.789529117
111.9356 57.968568219 26.58079 111.9356 36.124411583 34.98229 111.9355567 72.193951983
113.7321 60.363229216 27.36258 113.7321 38.75907738 36.01118 113.7320991 77.901105992
115.2878 62.817864397 28.14437 115.2878 41.530454751 37.04007 115.2877788 83.919894998
116.5896 65.334187309 28.92615 116.5896 44.442449742 38.06896 116.5896461 90.259222859
117.6248 67.913911501 29.70794 117.6248 47.498968396 39.09785 117.6247515 96.927993433
118.3801 70.558750521 30.48973 118.3801 50.70391676 40.12674 118.3801454 103.93511058
118.8429 73.270417916 31.27152 118.8429 54.061200878 41.15563 118.8428781 111.28947815
119 76.050627235 32.05331 119 57.574726795 42.18452 119 119
Calculul timpului si spatiului de demarare in functie de viteza

Timpul de demarare

td= ti-1+(1/ai+1/ai-1)(vi-vi-1/2)

Spatiul de demarare

Sd= Si-1+(ti-ti-1)vi-(ti-ti-1)*(vi-vi-1/2)

v [m/s] 1/a [s^2/m] td [s] Sd [m]

Treapta I 3.429636 0.31532173 0.540719 0.927235
3.7726 0.30892025 0.647766 1.312721
4.115563 0.30322079 0.752737 1.726736
4.458527 0.29816031 0.855862 2.168841
4.801491 0.29368557 0.957353 2.638744
5.144454 0.28975161 1.057402 3.136284
5.487418 0.28632048 1.156188 3.661424
5.830381 0.28336031 1.253878 4.214241
6.173345 0.28084445 1.350629 4.794927
6.516309 0.27875092 1.446589 5.403779
6.859272 0.27706185 1.541901 6.041204
7.202236 0.27576311 1.6367 6.707715
7.545199 0.27484402 1.731119 7.403935
7.888163 0.2742971 1.825287 8.130597
8.231127 0.27411794 1.91933 8.888552
8.57409 0.2743051 2.013375 9.678772
8.917054 0.27486009 2.107547 10.50236
9.260017 0.27578738 2.201973 11.36055
9.602981 0.27709452 2.296782 12.25475
9.945945 0.27879226 2.392106 13.18649
10.68444 0.28384586 2.599858 15.32949
10.28891 0.28089481 2.488173 14.15828
10.63187 0.28342012 2.584943 15.17053
10.97484 0.28639028 2.682655 16.22615
11.3178 0.28983203 2.781466 17.32754
11.66076 0.29377737 2.881545 18.47736
12.00373 0.29826439 2.983069 19.67863
12.34669 0.30333823 3.086233 20.93467
12.68965 0.3090523 3.191247 22.24925
13.03262 0.3154699 3.298341 23.6266
13.37558 0.32266611 3.40777 25.07151
Treapta II 14.06151 0.372832 3.6463 28.3438
0 0.368233 -1.563945 -8.288154
0 0.37217212 -1.563945 -8.288154
14.4437 0.37675836 3.844717 30.77238
14.89506 0.38203683 4.015964 33.28447
15.34643 0.38806144 4.189762 35.91242
15.79779 0.39489641 4.366462 38.66401
16.24916 0.40261813 4.546447 41.548
16.70052 0.41131752 4.730138 44.57429
17.15189 0.42110303 4.918001 47.75409
17.60325 0.43210449 5.110555 51.10022
Treapta III 18.50599 0.51162489 5.536522 58.79089
0 0.50290496 -3.850915 -28.071
0 0.51038239 -3.850915 -28.071
19.00897 0.51897819 5.932628 64.91656
19.603 0.52879519 6.243833 70.92467
20.19703 0.53995696 6.561269 77.24164
20.79106 0.55261209 6.885778 83.89216
21.38509 0.56693975 7.218302 90.90445
21.97912 0.58315697 7.559898 98.31098
22.57316 0.60152818 7.911768 106.1493
23.16719 0.62237789 8.275287 114.463
Treapta IV 24.35525 0.77344557 9.104448 134.1649
0 0.7502599 -9.450663 -91.79226
0 0.7701472 -9.450663 -91.79226
25.01721 0.79297878 10.10187 152.7827
25.799 0.81919161 10.73205 168.7945
26.58079 0.8493315 11.38427 185.876
27.36258 0.88408683 12.06185 204.1515
28.14437 0.92433592 12.76875 223.7705
28.92615 0.97121509 13.50971 244.914
29.70794 1.02621845 14.2905 267.8043
30.48973 1.09134817 15.11824 292.7184
Treapta V 32.05331 1.58781341 17.21278 358.2178
0 1.4605089 -31.64163 -424.7549
0 1.56906971 -31.64163 -424.7549
32.92451 1.70365678 22.23483 462.173
33.9534 1.87388748 24.07528 523.7157
34.98229 2.09488941 26.117 594.0894
36.01118 2.39189088 28.4252 676.0231
37.04007 2.81032059 31.10145 773.7749
38.06896 3.44105892 34.31745 894.55
39.09785 9.283698 40.86364 1147.124
40.12674 10.5689924 51.07677 1551.69
 Timpul de demarare

timpul de demarare

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20
td[s]

15

10

0
0
2
4
6
8

12

16
18

22

28

32

36
38
10

14

20

24
26

30

34

40
42
-5

-10

-15

-20

-25

-30

-35

-40
v[m/s]
 Spatiul de demarare

600

400

200
Sd[m]

Sd
0 [m]
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

-200

-400

-600
v[m/s]
Franarea autovehiculului

Aprecierea capacitatii de franare se face cu ajutorul deceleratiei maxime

si a spatiului de franare minim care se determina cu ajutorul relatiilor :
af= g*(f+)
Sf= (v^2)/(2*g)*(+f)
daca se considera ca viteza initiala de la care se incepe franarea este v max [m/s]
si franarea este totala (viteza la sfarsitul franarii va este 0)si are loc pe drum orizontal
( = 0) cu motorul decuplat si neglijindu-se rezistenta aerului si rezistenta la rulare.
Spatiul real de oprire se determina cu relatia :
So= Sf+v*(t1+t0)
in care ultimul termen reprezinta timpul suplimentar parcurs de automobil in timpul
intirzierilor (virsta conducatorului auto, intirzierea la actionarea dispozitivului de franare):
t1= 0.5
t0= 0.7
Daca se tine cont si de forta rezistenta a aerului atunci Sf si af se
calculeaza cu formula: Sf= (Ga/2*g*K*S)*ln(1+(K*S*v^2/(*Ga+f*Ga)))
af= g*(f++(K*S*v^2)/Ga)

Tipul drumului

Asfalt uscat v [m/s] Sf [m] Sf cu Fa [m] So [m] af [m/s^2] af cu Fa

= 0.8 0 0 0 0 8.02458 8.02458
f= 0.018 5 1.557714 1.5562432002 7.557713924 8.02458 8.039752
10 6.230856 6.2074125813 18.2308557 8.02458 8.085268
15 14.01943 13.901482633 32.01942532 8.02458 8.161128
20 24.92342 24.553877263 48.92342278 8.02458 8.267332
25 38.94285 38.050498514 68.9428481 8.02458 8.40388
30 56.0777 54.25164749 92.07770126 8.02458 8.570772
42.18452 110.8802 104.02736954 161.5016281 8.02458 9.104543

Pamant batatorit v [m/s] Sf [m] Sf cu Fa [m] So [m] af [m/s^2] af cu Fa

= 0.6 0 0 0 0 6.13125 6.13125
f= 0.025 5 2.038736 2.036217675 8.038735984 6.13125 6.146422
10 8.154944 8.1148488993 20.15494393 6.13125 6.191938
15 18.34862 18.147288202 36.34862385 6.13125 6.267798
20 32.61978 31.990579403 56.61977574 6.13125 6.374002
25 50.9684 49.454005937 80.96839959 6.13125 6.51055
30 73.3945 70.307422214 109.3944954 6.13125 6.677442
42.18452 145.12 133.66614695 195.7414337 6.13125 7.211213

Asfalt umed v [m/s] Sf [m] Sf cu Fa [m] So [m] af [m/s^2] af cu Fa

= 0.4 0 0 0 0 4.1202 4.1202
f= 0.02 5 3.033833 3.0282611743 9.033833309 4.1202 4.135372
10 12.13533 12.046828306 24.13533324 4.1202 4.180888
15 27.3045 26.861803617 45.30449978 4.1202 4.256748
20 48.54133 47.165162039 72.54133295 4.1202 4.362952
25 75.84583 72.555179545 105.8458327 4.1202 4.4995
30 109.218 102.56103215 145.2179991 4.1202 4.666392
42.18452 215.9524 191.7911235 266.5738171 4.1202 5.200163
Zapada batatorita v [m/s] Sf [m] Sf cu Fa [m] So [m] af [m/s^2] af cu Fa
= 0.2 0 0 0 0 2.2563 2.2563
f= 0.03 5 5.540043 5.5215001097 11.54004343 2.2563 2.271472
10 22.16017 21.86738969 34.16017374 2.2563 2.316988
15 49.86039 48.409887697 67.86039091 2.2563 2.392848
20 88.64069 84.188931851 112.6406949 2.2563 2.499052
25 138.5011 128.01917999 168.5010858 2.2563 2.6356
30 199.4416 178.60427455 235.4415636 2.2563 2.802492
42.18452 394.3478 322.2426375 444.9692683 2.2563 3.336263
 Spatiul de franare minim

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
v [m/s]
 Spatiul de oprire

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
v [m/s]
 Deceleratia maxima

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
v [m/s]
Stabilitatea autovehiculului

Se determina cu ajutorul vitezei critice de derapare si de rasturnare:

v cr d= sqrt[(g*R*(+tg))/(1-*tg)]
v cr r= sqrt[((g*R*B1/2*hg)+tg)/((1-B1*tg)/2*hg)]

R- Raza de viraj
- Coeficient de aderenta
= 0.2
= 0.4
= 0.6
= 0.8

= 0

hg- Inaltimea centrului de greutate

hg= 0.8 m incarcat

Viteza critica de derapare

= 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

R [m] Vcd =0 Vcd =0 Vcd =0 Vcd =0
50 19.80909 17.15517 14.00714 9.904544
100 28.01428 24.26108 19.80909 14.00714
150 34.31035 29.71363 24.26108 17.15517
200 39.61818 34.31035 28.01428 19.80909
250 44.29447 38.36014 31.32092 22.14723
300 48.52216 42.02142 34.31035 24.26108

Viteza critica de rasturnare

Incaracat
R [m] Vcr =0
50 21.99445
100 31.10484
150 38.0955
200 43.98889
250 49.18107
300 53.87517
 Viteza critica de rasturnare
la autovehiculul incarcat

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
R [m]
 Viteza critica de derapare =0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
R [m]