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Full text of "<a href="/details/jstor-2993733">Notes on Fresh-Water
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224 BOTANICAL GAZETTE.

olivaceo. In locis graminosis, circa Lehigh University, Bethle-
hem, Pa. E. A. Rau, Oct. 24, 1882.
The photographs of this new Phallus were made by Dr. C.

L. Lochman, Bethlehem, who has for several years past made
excellent photographs of a number of the most important indi-
genous and exotic medicinal plants. Eugene A. Rau, Bethle-
hem, Pa.
Notes on Fresh -Water Algae.
In relation to species of Alga? which produce what the Ger-

mans call " wasser-bliithe," or, in less poetical English, a scum
on the surface of bodies of water which serve as water-supplies,
there has of late been felt a great interest on the part of the pub-
lic, and in this connection I would call attention to some inter-
esting forms found in Minnesota last summer by Prof. J. C. Ar-
thur. The two scum plants, so common in the Eastern States,
Clathrocystis ceruginosa, Henfrey, and Coelosphcerium Kuetz-
ingianum, Nag , appear to be also common in the West and were
found by Prof, Arthur in Lake Satakah and Lake Tetonka, at
Waterville, Minn.; and the first-named species was also found by
Prof. m. Trelease in Lake Mendota, Wis. Consequently, as
the West becomes more thickly settled we may expect to hear of
the same disagreeable pig-pen odor which is found in Eastern
water-supplies during hot summers.
Prof. Arthur also detected an interesting alga floating on

Lake Tetonka, Waterville, and Lake Phalen, near St. Paul,
which has not as yet been found in Eastern water-supplies.
The alga in question resembles Rivularia atra, Roth, but is of
softer consistency and the filaments have a different micrometric
measurement. The species of Rivularia grow attached to other
plants, sticks, stones, etc., and although they at length become
free, tbey are then found resting loosely on the bottom and not
forming a scum on the surface of the water. In Hedwigia, Jan.,
1878, Cohn described a Rivularia which he called R. fluitans,
which formed a " wasser-bliithe " on the river Leba, near Lauen-
berg, in Pomerania; and in Hedwigia, March, 1878, Gohi men-
tioned the occurence of a similar Rivularia at Udrias, on the
Gulf of Finland, to which he gave the name of R. flos-aquos;
but in Hedwigia, April, 1878, he stated that his plant was of the
same species as that of Cohn. The Rivularia collected by Prof.
Arthur in all essential respects seemed to me to be the same species
BOTANICAL GAZETTE. 225
as that collected by Cohn and Gohi, and on sending a specimen to

the last-named botanist he confirmed the correctness of the diag-
nosis.
Mixed with the Minnesota Algae named above were fragments

of an Anabcena, which appeared to be the form commonly known
as A. Flos-aqua, var. circinalis, and also traces of a larger Ana-
bcena, the species of which could not be made out. In the Bos-
ton water works at South Framingham, Mass., Anabcena gigantea,
Wood, was found in small quantity in the early part of Novem-
ber, 1882. I would also record the discovery of Nostochopsis
lobata, Wood, by Messrs. E. Faxon and F. H. Hosford, at Fer-
risburg, Vt., where it was comparatively abundant and forpaed
expansions of several inches in water- courses. The occurrence of
Sphceroplcea annulina should be recorded in California, where it
was collected by Mrs. Austin near San Bernardino. W. G.
Farlow.
General Conditions of Spontaneous Protoplasmic Movement.
Dr. Chas. S. Dolley, of Rochester, N. Y., has just translated

Th. W. Engelmann's paper upon the " Physiology of Protoplas-
mic Motion," which has attracted so much attention. The fol-
lowing are the general statements under the above caption :
1. Temperature. For all contractile protoplasm there is a

higher and a lower temperature at which the spontaneous move-
ments cease under all circumstances. The minimum lies mostly
in the neighborhood of 0, the maximum generally about 40(C).
2. Hygroscopicity. In regard to this it is the same as re-

garding the temperature. There is, for all protoplasm, a maxi-
mum and minimum capacity for the inhibition of water. Close
determination is wanting, yet the minimum may average below
60 per cent., and the maximum over 90 per cent. Within these
limits the energy of the movements increases in general with the
amount of contained water, with a corresponding increase of vol-
ume, and diminution of the refractive coefficient. Rapid change
in concentration of the medium, causing rapid swelling, or more
specially shriveling, acts in a manner similar to irritants.
3. Oxygen. Protoplasmic motion is undoubtedly able to

continue in a medium entirely free from oxygen, but for a short
time only, at the most, some hours. The gradual stagnation can
at first be overcome by the introduction of oxygen, and by this
means alone.
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224 BOTANICAL GAZETTE.

The photographs of this new Phallus were made by Dr. C.

Notes on Fresh -Water Algae.

In relation to species of Alga? which produce what the Ger-

Prof. Arthur also detected an interesting alga floating on

BOTANICAL GAZETTE. 225

as that collected by Cohn and Gohi, and on sending a specimen to

Mixed with the Minnesota Algae named above were fragments

General Conditions of Spontaneous Protoplasmic Movement.

Dr. Chas. S. Dolley, of Rochester, N. Y., has just translated

1. Temperature. For all contractile protoplasm there is a

2. Hygroscopicity. In regard to this it is the same as re-

3. Oxygen. Protoplasmic motion is undoubtedly able to

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