Concrete Intersections

Development of Concrete Intersections

Beltways &
Loops

Arterial & Collector

Intersections

Interstate &
Freeway
Systems

State Highway
&
Bypass Systems

Planning
Planning Position:
Position:
Arterial
Arterial and
and Collector
Collector Feeder
Feeder Intersections
Intersections Program
Program
Impact
Impact onon Local
Local Asset
Asset Management
Management andand User
User Costs
Costs
The Problem . . .
The Problem . . .
Life Cycle Costs Analysis for Intersections
Washington State

40 Year Annualized Cost

SR Intersection Concrete AC with 4 AC with 6 AC with 8
yr Inlay year Inlay year Inlay
27 Sprague Ave. $33,000 $46,800 $39,500 $35,800
90 Thierman St. $54,300 $66,400 $57,600 $53,100
2 Francis Ave. $73,500 $100,900 $87,000 $79,900
291 Maple & Ash $33,900 $50,800 $42,100 $37,600
St.
27 Broadway $36,100 $51,000 $42,600 $38,300
Ave.
395 19th Ave. $29,700 $45,800 $37,800 $33,700
2 Third Ave. $15,200 $18,700 $16,500 $15,400

www.wsdot.wa.gov
 Pavement Sections
Existing Design

8 HMA
12 JPCP
8 CSTC
4 CSTC

Subgrade Subgrade
Benefits of Concrete intersections
z Low long-term maintenance costs
z No softening or deterioration cause by
slow moving maneuvering vehicles and oil
dripping
z Good light reflectivity that enhances
pedestrian and vehicle safety at night and
in inclement weather
z A durable and skid resistant surface
I.D. Problem Intersections
 Three Major Areas

z Design

z Construction

z Traffic Control
Design Consideration
z Complete reconstruction or inlay
z Concrete intersection construction limits
z Thickness Design
z Subgrade and subbase requirements
z Jointing detail
z Pavement profiles
z Concrete materials
z Concrete to asphalt transitions
z Traffic detection systems
z Coordination with local agencies
What is the existing pavement
cross-section?

z Existing Pavement

z What level of
pavement distress

z Bond or No Bond
 Complete reconstruction or inlay
z First question is full or partial
replacement

Full replacement allows for utility

updates Ultra-Thin Whitetopping
However is a longer construction
process
The WSDOT has had success
with full weekend replacement
Complete replacement
approximately 72 hours
Most common partial replacement
is a UTW inlay
Milling of 2 to 4 inches of asphalt
UTW has special construction
considerations for material
selection, and jointing
Concrete Intersection Construction Limits

z Based on level of pavement deterioration

z Replacement of both physical and functional
areas
z At busy intersection may extend well beyond the
physical area because of slow moving
maneuvering vehicles
z Functional area needs to include all rutted areas
z Major arterial legs may extend back 200 to 500
feet from crosswalk
z Minor arterial approximately 50 to 100 feet
 Design Considerations
Area Definitions:

Physical Area Functional Area

Note: Physical area carries the combined traffic from both roadways thickness
design must account for both
Thickness Design

z Many choices in pavement thickness

design
1993 AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement
Structures
ACPA as the WinPAS Design Program
PCA Design Procedure
New StreetPave Software January 2005
 Street Classifications and Typical Slab Thicknesses
Street Description Two-way Two-way Typ. Range
Class Avg. Daily Avg. of Slab
Traffic Thickness
(ADT)
Light Short streets In subdivisions and similar Less than 200 2-4 4.0-5.0 in.
Residential residential areas often not through-streets

Residential Through-streets in subdivisions and 200- 1,000 10-50 5.0-7.0 in.

similar residential areas that occasionally
carry a heavy vehicle (truck or bus).

Collector Streets that collect traffic from several 1,000-8,000 50-500 5.5-9.0 in.
residential subdivisions, and that may
serve buses and trucks.
Business Streets that provide access to shopping 11,000-17,000 400-700 6.0-9.0 in.
and urban central business districts.
Industrial Streets that provide access to industrial 2,000-4,000 300-800 7.0-10.5 in.
areas or parks, and typically carry heavier
trucks than the business class
Arterial Streets that serve traffic from major 4,000- l5,000 300-600 6.0-9.0 in.
expressways and carry traffic through (minor)
metropolitan areas. Truck and bus routes
are primarily on these roads. 4,000-30,000 700-l,500 7.0-l1.0 in.
(major)
Subgrade and Subbase
requirements
z Subgrade is the natural ground the
pavement rests
Uniform
Compactable
Drainable
z Subbase is the layer of material between
the subgrade and pavement
Granular, Cement Treated, other
Jointing Detail
Jointing
Purpose:
Control natural transverse &
longitudinal cracking from internal
slab stresses.
Divide pavement into construction
lanes or increments.
Accommodate slab movements.
Provide load transfer.
Provide uniform sealant reservoir.
 The Three Basic Joint Types
Isolation / Expansion
Transverse Joints Longitudinal Joints Joints

1 - 1 in dia. 1 - 1 in dia. Expansion

D/3
Smooth Dowel Reservoir - in (typ.) Smooth Dowel Cap
D/2 D/2
D D

Doweled Contraction Doweled 1.0 in. max.

Butt Joint Expansion Joint
Deformed
D/4-D/3 Tie Bar
Reservoir - in (typ.) Reservoir - in (typ.)
D/2 Filler D
1.2D
Sealant D 1.2D

Smooth Thickened Edge

Undoweled 6D to 10D
Faced Butt Joint Expansion Joint

Smooth Face 1 - 1 in dia.

(Butt Joint) Smooth Dowel Keyway

D/2
D Manhole, Inlet
D
Building, etc
Construction Isolation Joint
Keyed
Joint Spacing & Depth
z Granular
Contraction Joints
Subbase
Spacing - 24 x T
Saw Depth - T/4
z Stabilized
Subbase
Spacing - 21 x T
Saw Depth - T/3
Bond Breaker??
 Main Factors
Things to Do
Match existing joints or
cracks
Cut at the proper time
Place joints to meet in-
pavement structures
Consider non-obvious
factors
Understand can make
adjustments joint location!
Be Practical
Things to Avoid
Slabs < 0.3 m (1 ft.) wide
Slabs > 5.0 m (15 ft.) wide
Angles < 60 (<90 is
better)
z Do this by dog-legging joints
through curve radius points
Creating interior corners
Odd Shapes (keep slabs
square)
 Boxing Out Fixtures
Square Diagonal Circular
Isolation
joint Inlet - None

Reinforcing bars Isolation joint

recommended to Isolation Isolation
hold cracks tight joint joint

Square with Fillets None Telescoping Manhole

Inlet - Round

Isolation No boxout or
joint isolation joint
around necessary Isolation
Isolation joint perimeter joint
Matching Existing Joints/Cracks

Location Type
Street and Intersection Jointing Layout:
Keys to Good Performance
Intersection Joint Layout
z Develop a jointing
plan
Birds eye view
z Follow the steps
z Be practical!
Pavement Profiles
z Many factors influence pavement profiles
z The Agencies provides a profile
z Allow for small deviations during
construction
z Important to maintain smooth and safe
intersection
Concrete Materials
Material Standard Fast Track
(per cubic yard)

Cement (Type I) 564 lbs.

Cement (Type III) 708 lbs.
(658 lbs.)
Fly Ash (50 lbs.)
Coarse Aggregate 1750 lbs. 1425 lbs.
*
Fine Aggregate 1250 lbs. 1350 lbs.
Water:Cement Ratio 0.45 max. 0.42
Water Reducer yes yes
Air Entrainer ** yes yes

* Maximum top size coarse aggregate 0.75 - 1.0 in.

** Air content 6% + 1.5%
 Concrete to Asphalt
Transition

Saw cut face 10 - 15 ft. (typical)

AC SURFACE
T
1.2 T AC BASE

5 ft. min.

Thickened Edge
Concrete to Asphalt
Transition

Ultra-thin Overlay (D< 4 inches)

Saw cut face

AC SURFACE
T
T + 3 in.
AC BASE

L L
L = Standard Length between joints (4 to 5 ft.)
Concrete to Asphalt
Transition

Conventional Whitetopping (D>4 inches)

No. 4 Deformed bar (first three joints) Saw cut face

10 ft. (typical)

AC SURFACE
D 1.2 D
AC BASE (6 in. min.)

5 ft. (min.)
 Traffic Detection Systems

z Concrete protects induction loops

Sawed-in loops
Preformed loops
z Sawed-in at mid-panel
is best 200 mm min.

50 mm min.

To signal
handhold
or
controller
 Coordination with Local Agencies and
Utility Companies

z Develop coordinated
public relations and
media campaign to keep
driving public informed
Radio
Local Newspapers
Local church meetings
Dedicated Web Site
Site Signage
Local Chamber
Construction Considerations
z Removal of existing pavement
z Preparing the grade
z Setting forms
z Placing in-pavement structures
z Other details prior to placing concrete
z Placing, finishing, and texturing the concrete
z Curing the concrete
z Saw cutting the pavement
z Sealing/Filling joints
z Opening to traffic
 Removing the existing pavement

z Pavement Removal
Cold Milled
Bull Dozer
Front End Load
z Removed using
dump trucks
 Prepared Subgrade
z Concrete placed directly on existing
subgrade

z Subgrade Requirement
Uniform
Compactable
Drainable

z Place on prepared subgrade

Cement stabilized subgrade

z Placed on prepared subbase

Granular subbase
Cement stabilized subbase
Lean concrete base

z If poor or expansive soil exist than

a prepared subgrade or subbase is
required regardless of pavement
type
Setting Forms
Other Details Prior to Placing Concrete
z Reinforcing steel
Dowel Bars
Tie Bars

z Box out for in

pavement
structures

z Traffic loops
Placing, Finishing, and Texturing
the Concrete
 Construction of Local Roads
Fixed-form Basics

z Form quality
Trueness & interlock
z Set stringline
z Set-up forms
Alignment
Uniform support
Curves
z Trim and compact
grade within forms
Construction of Local Roads
Slipform Basics
z Set stringline
z Trim grade
z Maintain trackline
Stable
Clean
z Set crown
z Watch vibration
Placing, Finishing, and Texturing
the Concrete
 Curing the Concrete

z White Pigmented
Curing Compound
Conventional Paving
200 sq.ft./gal.
Fast Track Paving
150 sq.ft./gal.
UTW 100 sq.ft./gal
Saw cutting the pavement
Concrete Pavement Construction
Joint Sawing Considerations

z Minimum initial cut depth for standard saws:

t/4 on granular material
t/3 on hard support/high-friction material
t/3 longitudinal contraction joints
z Saw initial cut as soon as possible
z Early-entry saws recommended if unwanted
cracking an issue
 Sealing/Filling joints
Purpose: Reduce infiltration of water and incompressible

Joint Sealing Operation

 Performance of Sealants
Roadways 50

Percent of Agencies
50

40
Hot-pour 3-5 yr. 30 25
21
Silicone 8-12 yr. 20

Preformed 15-25 yr. 10 4

0
None Hot-Pour Silicone Preformed
 Joint Sealant Reservoirs
Three Basic Sealants

Backer
Backer Rod
Rod

Filler Hot-pour Sealant Silicone Sealant Compression Seal

(in single saw cut) (in reservoir cut) (in reservoir cut) (in reservoir cut)
Opening to Traffic

14 days
Fast Track Paving
z Basically, a much faster
setting concrete mixture
z Pavement preparation
remains the same
z Concrete paving
techniques remain the
same
Increase emphasis on
timing of sawing joints
Increase importance on
curing concrete pavement
Maturity Testing

ASTM C 1074
Internal temperature of concrete
relates directly to concrete strength
Develop correlation curve in lab
Precision to baseline cylinders: 5%
 Maturity Testing
40

Compressive Strength (MPa)

Compressive Strength (psi)

35 5000
M(t) = (Ta-To) t 30
4000
M(t) = temperature-time factor 25
t = time interval 3000
20
Ta = average concrete temp.
To = datum temp. (-10oC) 15 2000
10
1000
5
0 0
0 100 200 300 400 500
Temperature-Time Factor, M(t)
 Maturity
z Non-Destructive 9 1,300

Test 8
1,200
1,100
z ATSM C 1074 7 1,000

z Mix Design Specific 6 900

Flexural Strength (MPa)

Flexural Strength (psi)

800
z Develop Laboratory 5
700
Calibration Curve 4 600

z Field 3
500
400
Instrumentation 2 300
z Pavement Evaluation 1
200
100
z Open to Traffic 0 0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Web Search: www.gogle.com
Hours After Placement
Concrete Maturity Testing
Maturity Meter:
Traffic Management Issues
z Traffic control options
Complete closure
Partial closure
Construction under traffic
Complete closures during limited time periods

z Construction staging procedures

Construction by lane
Construction by quadrant
Traffic Management
Construction Phasing Options:

Complete Closure with Detours

Road Closed
Use Detour

Signage Clearly Identify Alternate Routes

Detail information on Closure Dates
Focused Public Information Campaign
 Traffic Management
Construction Phasing Options:

Partial Closure with Detours

Road Closed
Use Detour

Only one-leg closed

Allow traffic on major roadway
Traffic Management
Construction Phasing Options:
Complete Closure During Time-Window

CLOSED
REOPENS 6 A.M.

Typically 7 p.m. to 6 a.m. window

Night construction in sequences
May require temporary pavement
Traffic Management
Construction Phasing Options:

Construction Under Traffic - by Lane

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4

Traffic Management
Construction Phasing Options:

Construction Under Traffic - by Quadrant

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4

Concrete Pavement Progress
SR 395
Kennewick,
WA
Prior to Construction
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Construction Under Closure
Construction Schedule

Thursday evening to Friday morning

8:00 pm to 3:30 am - Remove existing surfacing
3:30 am to 7:30 am Grade, prep base
Construction Schedule
Friday Morning to Friday Evening
7:30 am to 9:00 pm - Form and pour concrete
3:00 pm Start joint sawing

Saturday Morning to Saturday Evening

6:30 am Finish joint sawing
8:00 am to 4:15 pm Form and pour concrete
4:30 pm to 8:00 pm Asphalt approaches
6:00 pm to 11:30 pm Sawcut
Construction Schedule
Sunday Morning to Sunday Afternoon Evening
5:00 am to 9:00 am Clean joints/blow dry
9:00 am to 1:00 pm Joint seal
1:00 pm to 2:00 pm Clean roadway
2:00 pm to 4:45 pm Prep roadway (striping)
4:45 pm Open to traffic
 Liquidated Damages
Opening beyond 6:00 am Monday morning:

Yelm Street Intersection - 1,200/hr

Clearwater and Kennewick Avenue

Intersections - $2,400/hr
Kennewick Avenue Thursday Evening
Kennewick Avenue Thursday Evening
Kennewick Avenue Thursday Evening
Kennewick Avenue Friday Morning
Kennewick Avenue Friday Morning
Kennewick Avenue Friday Morning
Kennewick Avenue Friday Morning

Photo Courtesy Tri-City

Herald
Kennewick Avenue Friday Morning
Kennewick Avenue Friday Afternoon
Kennewick Avenue Friday Afternoon
Kennewick Avenue Friday Afternoon
Kennewick Avenue - Saturday Morning
Kennewick Avenue Saturday Afternoon
Kennewick Avenue Saturday Afternoon
Kennewick Avenue Sunday Morning
Kennewick Avenue Sunday Afternoon
Kennewick Avenue Sunday Afternoon
 Mix Design Criteria
Designed for 650 psi flexural strength in
14 days.
2,500 psi compressive required to open to
traffic, can be determined by maturity.
Pay factor based on statistical evaluation
of 28 day compressive strength and air
content.
 Mix Design
705 # Type III Cement
940 # 1 1/2 Rock
799 # 3/4 Rock
140 # 3/8 Pea Gravel
590 # Coarse Sand
481# Fine Sand
254 # Water
11 oz/cy AEA
30.3 oz/cy WRA
17.6 oz/cy Delvo (Set Retarder)
Customer Focused Construction
Did you experience a loss in sales over the
weekend closure? Yes
Estimated Percentage Loss in Business
30-40 fast food restaurant
20-25 ice cream shop
25 - restaurant
0 car dealership
30 pet store
50 glass and silver collectable shop
25 card shop
25 cigarette store
15 percent increase - Goodwill
 Success Factors
WSDOT had several preliminary meetings with City
of Kennewick to discuss impacts and City concerns.
WSDOT invited businesses to pre-construction
meeting.
WSDOT met with contractors to discuss feasibility.
WSDOT kept public informed via newspaper, radio,
and television news broadcasts.
WSDOT web page with up to date information.
WSDOT gave flyers to businesses weekly.
Innovations
Stamped Crosswalks UTW
Sheridan, WY
Stamped and Colored Crosswalks
 Combination Stamped & Colored
z Contrasting Colors
z Aids with disabilities
z Textured and
Colored Borders
z Colored smooth
interior
 Joint Detail

Minimum border width 16 to accommodate tiebars or dowel bars

 Construction Detail

Dowels are placed in brick edging. Stamped brick edging is cast with
Crosswalks edges typically will function tiebars. In this application, edges of the
as transverse joints crosswalks serve as longitudinal joints
 Why Concrete Roundabouts?

z Increased Capacity

z Reduce Congestion

z Improve Safety

z Traffic Calming
Safety
z Standard intersections have 32 conflict
points within physical area
z Roundabouts have 4 conflict points within
physical area
z Injury producing right angle crashes are
eliminated
z Lower speeds
Where to Use Roundabouts
z Never on the crest of a steep hill
Sight Stopping Distance (SSD) is Essential
z Flat or valley is fine
z Vertical design with 4 percent max
Truck toppling making left turn
z Urban, Sub Urban, Rural
z Minor roads to freeway interchanges
City of Wildwood
Concerns
z Detrimental effects of shoving
z Preferred stamped PCC crosswalks
Initial Experience
Issues:
Design
Joint layout
Construction
Design
Design
Design
Joint Layout
Joint Layout
Lessons Learned
z Jointing is critical
Especially at circle-leg interface
Design changes
z Stamped colored concrete in median as
opposed to pavers
Jointing
Two Options:
1) Match up joints at circle-leg interface
- Difficult to do
2) Isolate circle from legs
- Greatly simplifies jointing
Jointing
z Chose option 2 Isolate circle from legs
Created some additional concerns
z How to address load transfer at circle-leg interface
Design changes
Design Changes
z Established isolation joint around entire
circle
z Thickened concrete pavement edge on
each side of isolation joint to account for
lack of mechanical load transfer.
Recent Construction Experience

z Roundabout at 110th Street & Lamar

Avenue in Overland Park, KS
City is 99.9% asphalt
Part of new convention center
(showcase)
Stones throw from my office
Owner: City of Overland Park, Kansas
Design Engineer: Olsson Associates
Construction Services: HNTB Corporation
General Contractor: Pyramid Contractors, Inc.
Curb Sub: Quality Concrete Construction Co. of Kansas, Inc.

Contract Price: $1,440,721.10

Previous Existing
Intersection Condition
View of Previous
Existing Intersection
Rough Grading
Grading for Subgrade
Subgrade Preparation

z Fill compaction was type B (MR-90)

z Subgrade
Lower 200 mm 18% fly ash treated
Upper 120 mm aggregate base course (Overland
Park Special)
Typical Subgrade Section
Sequence of Pavement
Construction?
z C & G sub wanted pavement constructed first, then
construct curb.
z Roundabout radius was too tight to allow use of
contractors concrete paving machine. Therefore, the
contractor would hand form and place the concrete
for the pavement.
z Engineer instructed contractor to place curb first
using curb machine with string-line grade control
This established curb and gutter grade because of
critical drainage issues. Allows good control of
concrete pavement grade.
 Grade Control Stringline
z Grade control was critical because of drainage issues due
to horizontal and vertical geometry of roundabout design
z Concrete pavement allowed tight control of grade to
tolerances
z Trimmer used to cut fly ash subgrade to 5 mm
z Paver used stringline to lay down base course (Overland
Park Special)
z Curb machine used stringline for curb grade where
possible
z Curb grade established good control for concrete pavement
grade
Grade Control Stringline
Engineer Checking Stringline
Grade
Final Sub-Grading
z Subgrade & base course preparation complete
z Concrete curb under construction
Curb Grade Control Stringline
Concrete Pavement Joint
Layout Plan
Field Joint Layout Plan
Curb Contraction Joints
Inner Pavement Ring Formed
Inner Pavement Ring Formed
Dowel Basket Placement
Rules
Contractor Normal Working Time
Normal Construction - 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday through
Friday, No City holiday work
Weekend work based on inspector availability and 48 hours notice
Concrete Sawing - Allowable up to 8:00 p.m.
Concrete placement shall be coordinated to accommodate sawing
time guidelines
General Requirements of the
Contract
z Concrete mix design:
Johnson County Concrete Board approved
new aggregate specification (granite aggregate)
City has an approved list of concrete mix
designs from suppliers
Contractor to provide JCCB 4k mix design
numbers
General Requirements of the
Contract
z Contractor thoroughly reviews concrete
specifications:
placement of concrete must be completed within
one hour of batching concrete at plant
contractor submits a plan of work and schedule
of concrete delivery, minimum 24 hrs in
advance of concrete placement
Beginning Concrete Placement
Quality Control
z Materials Testing performed by Professional Services
Industries, Inc. (PSI)
z Concrete tested for temperature, slump, air, unit
weight, strength (beams and cylinders) every 50 CY.
Visual test for granite aggregate for every load.
z Water addition by calibrated 5 gallon bucket only with
Engineers approval.
z Delivery tickets checked for time limitations.
Hand Placement of Concrete Using
Roller Screed
Hand Finishing
Concrete Pavement
Control Joints
z Concrete sawing sub-contractor Bazin
z Experienced saw operator arrived on-site before
concrete placement was finished. He closely
monitored the setting of the concrete for hardness,
careful to avoid premature or late saw cutting
NRDJ 240 mm Concrete
Pavement with Keyway
Initial Problems
z Required 8:00 a.m. start First load of concrete
arrived around 8:30 a.m.
z Highway traffic impeded concrete delivery times
z Drought conditions lack of moisture concerns for
subgrade could lead to shrinkage cracking
z Concrete saw cutting continued into early morning
hours
Solutions
z Inform City Project Engineer that required 8:00 a.m.
start is unreasonable when placing 200+ cubic yards
of concrete (especially during heat of summer).
z 5:00 a.m. Concrete delivery start helps eliminate
highway traffic impediments to concrete delivery
times. Early start advantages include lower ambient
temperatures and helping with saw cutting time
restrictions. Disadvantage was close proximity to
Chase Suites Hotel, but no complaints were received.
Solutions
z Begin watering subgrade the evening before concrete
placement and continue during concrete placement.
Arial View of Sequence of Concrete
Pavement Construction
Northbound Lamar
Approach Lane
Arial View of Sequence of Concrete
Pavement Construction
Outer Ring Sequence of Concrete
Pavement Construction
Placing Outer Ring Pavement
Placing Outer Ring Pavement
Placing Outer Ring Pavement
Close-Up of 25 mm
Isolation Joint
Approach Lanes
Approach Lane Sequence
Finishing Approach Lanes
Concrete Pavement Construction -
Almost Complete
Overland Parks New Concrete
Roundabout at 110th and Lamar
Conclusion:
z Using concrete pavement for Overland
Parks first two-lane roundabout
allowed:
tight tolerances for grade control which was
critical for pavement drainage issues
use of granite aggregate concrete providing
many years of minimal pavement
maintenance resulting in life-cycle cost
advantages
Summary
z Benefits from Roundabouts
Less congestion
Safer Intersections
Livability (aesthetics, pedestrian & bicycle
connectivity)
z Suitable for Low and High Volume Streets
& Local Roads
Additional Information
z Contact Indiana Chapter
z ACPA visit www.pavement.com
 Six Keys to Constructing Concrete Roundabouts
1. Choose the joint layout philosophy - Place
joints as you would a normal intersection
(Figure 1), or isolate the circle from the
legs (Figure 2).
2. 2. Preliminary joint layout - Place joints
on roundabout and legs, keeping in mind
maximum slab length and width. (The
maximum length should be 15 ft. or 24 x
T, whichever is less; maximum width
should be 12 ft.)
3. 3. Ensure all joints meet the pavement
edge at 90 - Do this by doglegging joints
when they come within 2-3 feet of edge.
4. 4. Adjust joints - Adjust the locations of
joints to meet manholes and drainage
inlets; place isolation joints around these
structures.
5. 5. Consider the construction phasing
sequence - Remember that the roundabout
has to be built in some sort of sequence, so
as much thought or flexibility that can be
put into the plans, the better.
6. 6. Allow further adjustment in field - Joint
locations should be allowed to be adjusted
slightly to accommodate changes and to
allow for constructability.
Thank You
Concrete Intersections
City of Chesterfield UTW
Other Applications
z Concrete Inlays
Bus Stops
Turn Lanes
Intersections
Any Stopping Area