Some technical characteristic of current-limiting reactors

Airtype - reactor
linear magnetic behaviour (L - constant)
spreading magnetic field around reactor (weak EMC behaviour)
damping of reactor noise is difficult
space consuming
earth-quake withstand capability expensive

Oiltype reactor
nonlinear magnetic behaviour for high currents (L decreasing at high currents)
almost no electromagnetical radiation outside tank
antinoise damping can easily be provided by enclosure or by tank wall damping
cooling equipment (radiator bank) free placeable
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Design of oil-type current-limiting reactors

limb as gapped core limb without iron core

Fe-mass >
Cu-mass <
total mass >

three limb five limb

height >
Z0 / Z1 ~ 0.8 < 1

core induction: - low for short-circuit limiting

- normal for power flow controlling (post-failure application)
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Initial issues to be discussed

application
comparison between oil-type and dry-type
- noise request
- EMC
- space available
- impedance (L-I-curve, symmetry between phases)
- earth-quake conditions
range of magnetic linearity -> impedance at normal and at short-circuit cond.
zero-sequence impedance
available current level for heat-run test

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Inductance over current for ConEdison New York
Inductance for 64 MVA 3~ ConEd Reactor as function of current
1.1

1
L L_rated

0.9

0.8

0.7
5 10
15
I I_rated
20 25

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Inductance over current for Elstree DR2 (400 MVA)

Inductance for 3 Elstree Reactor as function of current

1.1

1
L L_rated

0.9

0.8

0.7
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
I I_rated

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Example: 3~ series reactor for NGCT Elstree DR2

application: post-failure load-flow control

cooling: ODAF
throuput power: 2000 MVAR
reactor power: 400 MVAR
nominal current: 2887 A, system voltage: 400 kV
induction: 1,3 T @ 2887 A
current density: 3,6 A/mm^2

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Example: 3~ series reactor for ConEdison in New York

application: short-circuit current limitation and load-flow control

cooling: ONAN
throuput power: 358 MVAR
reactor power: 64 MVAR
nominal current: 1500 A / 2800A / 7500 A, system voltage: 138 kV
induction: 0,37 T @ 1500 A
current density: 2,3 (4,3) A/mm^2

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Test capability of the Nuremberg plant for heat-run test

reactive power for compensation (C-battery): 2 x 97 MVAr

generator power 1~: 16 MVA
generator power 3~: 26 MVA
whole power for compensation 1~: 210 MVAr
whole power for compensation 3~: 220 MVAr
max. AC-current C-battery: 2500A
max. AC-current generator: 300A
max. AC-current: 2800A
max. DC-current: 4000A (voltage 1.5kV)

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