LABOR LAW I

Manila Law College

College of Law
st
1 Semester; S.Y. 2016-2017
Mondays, 4:30-7:30pm

I. Fundamental Principles and Policies

A. Constitutional Provisions
1. Article II, Secs. 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 18, 20
2. Article III, Secs. 1, 2, 3, 14
3. Article XIII, Secs. 1, 2, 3, 14

B. Civil Code
1. Article 1700

C. Labor Code
1. Article 3
2. Article 211
3. Article 212
4. Article 255

II. Recruitment and Placement

A. Recruitment of local and migrant workers
1. Recruitment and placement; defined
People v. Jamilosa, 512 SCRA 340 (2007)
2. Illegal recruitment, Article 38 (local), Sec. 6, Migrant
Workers Act, R.A. 8042, R.A. 10022, R.A. 10364
a) License v. Authority
b) Essential elements of illegal recruitment
c) Simple illegal recruitment
d) Illegal recruitment in large scale
e) Illegal recruitment as economica sabotage
f) Illegal recruitment v. Estafa
g) Liabilities
i) Local employment agency
ii) Foreign employer
(a) Theory of imputed knowledge
h) Pre-termination of contract of migrant worker
Rosa C. Rodolfo v. People of the Philippines, 498
SCRA 377 (2007)
R.A. 10022
3. Direct hiring
4. R.A. 10364 (Re: Anti-Human Trafficking Law)

III. Hours of Work, Wages And Other Renumerations

A. Hours of work
1. Coverage/exclusions
2. Normal hours of work
a) Compressed work week
b) Work interruption due to brownouts
c) Meal Break
d) Idle time, waiting time, commuting time, travel
time, whether part of hours of work or not
e) Overtime work
 (i) Undertime not offset by overtime
(ii) Waiver of overtime pay

3. Night work
4. CBA provision vis-a-vis overtime work
Far East Agricultural Supply, Inc. v. Lebatique, 515 SCRA 491
(2007)
B. Wages
1. No work, no pay principle
2. Coverage/exclusions
3. Facilities v. Supplements
Mayon Hotel v. Adana (GR No. 157634, May 16,
2005)
Mabeza v. NLRC (GR No. 118506, April 18, 1997, 271
SCRA 670)
4. Wages v. Salaries
5. Wage distortion
6. CBA vis-a-vis wage orders - CBA credibility
7. Principle of Non-diminution of benefits
8. Workers preference in case of bankruptcy
CIR v. NLRC (GR No. 74965, November 9, 1994, 238
SCRA 42)
Hautea v. NLRC GR No. 96149, Feb 16, 1994, 230
SCRA 119)
9. Labor Code provisions for wage protection
10. Allowable deductions without employees consent
11. Attorneys fees and union service fee in labor cases
12. Criteria/factors for wage setting
13. Payment of Wages
Kar Asia Inc., v. Corona (GR No. 154985, August 2,
2004
GM Inc. V. Cruz (GR No. 140495, April 15, 2005)
C. Rest day
1. Right to weekly rest day
2. Preference of the employee
3. When work on rest day authorized

D. Holidays
1. Right to holiday pay
a) in case of absences
b) In case of temporary cessation of work
c) Of teachers, piece workers, seafarers, seasonal
workers, etc.
2. Exclusions from coverage
E. Leaves
1. Service incentive leave pay
a) Right to service incentive leave
b) Exclusions from coverage
c) Commutable nature of benefit
Imbuido v. NLRC (GR No. 114734, March 21, 2000)
JPL Marketing Promotions v. CA (GR No. 151966, July
8, 2005)
PNB-Republic v. NLRC (GR No. 117460, January 6,
1997)
2. Maternity leave (RA 7322)
 a) Coverage
b) Conditions to entitlement
c) Availment

3. Paternity leave (RA 8187)

a) Coverage
b) Conditions to entitlement
c) Availment
4. Parental leave (RA 8977)
a)Coverage
b) Conditions to entitlement
c) Availment
5. Leaves for victimes of violence against women (RA 9262)
a) Coverage
b) Conditions to entitlement
c) Availment

F. Service charges
1. Coverage
2. Exclusion
3. Distribution
4. Integration
Mayon Hotel v. Adana (GR No. 157634, May 16, 2005)
G. Thirteenth (13th) month pay and other bonuses
1. Coverage
2. Exclusion/exemptions from coverage
3. Nature of 13th month pay
4. Commissions vis-a-vis 13th month pay
5. CBA vis-a-vis 13th month pay
Davao Fruits v. Associated Labor Union (GR No. 85073,
August 24, 1993, 225 SCRA 562)
International School of Speech v. NLRC (GR No. 112658,
March 18, 1995)
Clarion Printing House v. NLRC (GR No. 148372, June 27,
2005)
H. Women workers
1. Discrimination (Article 135, Labor Code)
2. Stipulation against marriage (Article 136, Labor Code)
3. Prohibited acts (Article 137, Labor Code)
4. Classification of certain women workers (Article 138,
Labor Code)
5. Anti-Sexual Harassment Act (R.A. 7877)
Duncan Association of Detailman-PTGWO v. Glasco (GR
No. 162994, Sept. 17, 2004)
PT&T v. NLRC (GR No. 118978, May 23, 1997, 272 SCRA
596, 605)
Star Paper corp. V. Simbol, Comia and Estrelita, GR No.
164774, April 12, 2006
I. Minor workers (R.A. 7678, R.A. 9231)
1. Regulation of working hours of a child
2. Employment of the child in public entertainment
3. Prohibition of employing minors in certain undertakings
and in certain advertisements
 J. Employment of househelpers / R.A. 10361 (Domestic Workers
Act)
1. Definition
2. Benefits accorded househelpers
3. Termination
4. Reliefs for unjust termination
Apex Mining v. NLRC (196 SCRA 251)
Remington Industrial Sales Corp. V. Castaneda GR No.
169295-96, Nov. 20, 2006
K. Employment pf homeworkers
1. Definition
2. Rights and benefits accorded homeworkers
3. Conditions for deduction from homeworkers earnings
L. Apprentices and learners
1. Distinctions between learnership and apprenticeship
M. Handicapped workers (R.A. 7277)
1. Definition of handicapped workers
2. Rights of disabled workers
3. Prohibitions on discrimination against disabled persons
4. Incentives for employers

IV. Classifications and Termination of Employment

A. Employer-employee relationship
1. Four-fold test
2. Probationary employment
3. Kinds of employment
a) Regular employment
(i) Reasonable connection rule
Rowell Industrial Corp. V. CA, 517
SCRA 691 (2007)
b) Project employment
(i) Indicators of project employment
Pasos v. Phil. National Construction
Corp., G.R. No. 192394, July 3,
2013
c) Seasonal employment
d) Casual employment
e) Fixed term employment
(i) Requisites for validity
Serrano v. Gallant M. Serrano v. Gallant Maritime
Services, Inc., March 24, 2009
PNOC-Energy Devt. Corp. V. NLRC, 521 SCRA 222
(2007)
4. Job contracting and labor-only contracting
a) When is there job contracting?
b) When is there labor-only contracting?
c) Conditions that must concur in legitimate job
contracting
d) Effects of finding that there is labor-only
contracting
Neri v. NLRC (GR No. 97008-09, July 23, 1993)
Vinoya v. NLRC (GR No. 126586, February 2,
2008, 324 SCRA 469)
PAL v. Ligan (GR No. 146408, February 29, 2008)
B. Termination of employment
1. Substantive due process
a) Just causes
(i) Serious misconduct or willful
disobedience
(a) Requisites
(ii) Gross and habitual neglect of duties
(a) Requisites
(iii) Fraud or willful breach of trust (loss of
trust and confidence)
(a) Requisites
(iv) Abandonment of employment;
elements that must concur
(v) Termination of employment pursuant
to a union security clause
(vi) Totality of infractions doctrine
b) Authorized causes
(i) Redundancy, retrenchment and closure
(a) Procedural steps required
(b) Requirements for valid
retranchment/redundancy
(c) Criteria in selecting employees for
dismissal
(d) Standards to be followed
(ii) Disease or illness
(a) Requisites
2. Procedural due process
a) Procedure to be observed in termination cases
b) Guiding principles in connection with the
hearing requirements in dismissal cases
c) Agabon doctrine
3. Reliefs for illegal dismissal
a) Reinstatement aspect
(i) Immediately executory
(a) Actual reinstatement
(ii) Payroll reinstatement
b) Separation pay in lieu of reinstatement
(i) Strained relation rule
c) Back wages
(i) Components of the amount of back
wages
d) Constructive dismissal
e) Preventive suspension
f) Quitclaims
g) Termination of employment
Marival Trading, Inc. V. NLRC, 525 SCRA
708 (2007)
Barba v. CA, 519 SCRA 488 (2007)
Brew Master International, Inc. v. NAFLU
International Catholic Migration Committee
v. NLRC, 169 SCRA 606 (1989)
Pepsi Cola Cola Products, Phils., Inc. V.
NLRC, 315 SCRA 587
Maya Farms Employees Org.n v. NLRC,
 239 SCRA 508 (1994)
Atlantic Gulf & Pacific Co. V. NLRC, 307
SCRA 714 (1999)
Garcia v. Pal, January 9, 2009
Wenphil v. NLRC (GR No. 80587, February
8, 1989)
Serrano v. NLRC (January 27, 2000)
Agabon v. NLRC (GR No. 158693,
November 17, 2004)
C. Retirement Pay Law
1. Coverage
2. Exclusions from coverage
3. Components of retirement pay
4. Retirement pay under R.A. 7641 vis-a-vis
retirement benefits under SSS and GSIS laws

V. Social Legislation
A. SSS Law (R.A. 8282)
1. Coverage
a) Exclusions from coverage
b) Benefits
c) Beneficiaries
B. GSIS Law (R.A. 8291)
1. Coverage
2. Exclusions from coverage
3. Benefits
4. Beneficiaries
C. Limited Portability Law (R.A. 7699)
D. Employees compensation - coverage and when compensable

VI. Actual Observation in Administrative Proceedings before the

Regional Arbitration Branch (RAB) and Regional Offices of DOLE

Prepared by:
Dean Philip R. Fragante
(Professor)