Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
What
is
Energy?
Morning
Lunchtime
Evening
Bedtime
Circle the correct answer to make each of the following sentences true.
Cut out or draw pictures in the box below to show things which need energy to
make them work.
But all of our energy actually starts off coming from the sun.
Look at this...
Think about when you ride Exactly. And where did O.K. and what made the
your bike. Where does the you get the energy from to oranges and the wheat grow
energy come from? make your legs work? to make your breakfast?
Erm...oh, my breakfast
Um, my legs? - orange juice and
weetabix.
THE SUN!
Draw 2 more things that need energy to make them work. Write the correct
energy resource beside each one.
Put the following sentences in the right order to show how our energy always comes
from the sun. Draw a picture to illustrate each sentence...
A tree gets its energy from the sun. A re gets its energy from wood.
A chicken gets its energy from eating corn. Nathan uses energy to play football.
Corn gets its energy from the sun. Nathan ate a boiled egg for his breakfast.
1. What sort of energy do these different things use? The rst one has been done
for you.
2. In the box below draw some ways that you use energy, write what type of energy
you are using beside your drawing.
Energy is the _______ that makes things work. We need energy for __________ we do.
There are ______ different kinds of energy. Energy can _________ from one kind
into another.
Bryson Charitable Group 2006
Can energy change?
The car or bus, which brings you to school gets its energy from petrol and a battery. The
petrol stores chemical energy and the battery stores electrical energy.
The engine changes this chemical energy and electrical energy into different types of
energy.
What happens when a car or bus is started? What do you hear, see, smell and feel?
When the engine starts, we switch on the radio or beep the horn , we can hear it. This is
sound energy.
After the car has been running for a while the bonnet becomes warm. This is heat energy.
Heat energy is always produced when things work. When you run about you get hot.
e. The grey boxes will spell a word vertically. This type of energy is always
produced by energy changes. The mystery word is ________________
Look at each one and try to wrok out what the two main kinds of energy are.
Complete the table below by putting the following things into the right box.
4b. How do you change the balloons potential energy into sound energy?
1. Study the energy bar graph below and then answer the questions.
2. Study the pie chart below, it shows exactly the same thing as the bar graph.
First give it a title.
Title: ______________________________________________
a. Choose a colour for each of the uses, and colour in the key.
b. Look at the sizes of the ve slices. Write the correct percentage into each pie:-
44%, 28%, 17%, and 11%.
c. Label each pie to show what it stands for, you will need to look at the bar graph
to help you.
c. Now, colour in each slice in the same colour you used for your key.
1. A very easy way to see energy changing from one form into another is to rub your
hands together really hard. Keep going for as long as you can.
Circle the correct answer below.
This is called friction and is mechanical energy being changed into heat energy.
2. How many different kinds of energy are there when you use hairdryer?
Answer the following questions to nd out.
b. What happened when it was switched on? What did you hear, see and feel?
d. Name all the types of energy used and produced by the hairdryer.
Electricity
What is Electricity?
Electricity is the movement of tiny little You can only tell if electricity is there
things called ELECTRONS. if something lights up, makes a noise or
These are so small that we cant even see starts to work.
them! In fact, we cant see electricity at
all.
Aha, there it is!
Where is it?
We rely on electricity to
power a lot of things at home
and at school.
Think of all the things in your
house that use electricity...
Try to think of how many times you used electricity yesterday. How many electrical
appliances did you use? Appliances are things that are run by electricity, either from a
plug in the wall or from a battery.
Fill in the list below.
Now look at the nished list and think about just how much electrical energy you used
in only one day.
Bathroom Bedrooms
Kitchen
Living room
Bathroom
Bedroom
Look at the pictures. What is the electrical energy changed into when you switch it
on?
Use the words below and remember it might be more than one type of energy.
+ + +
Bulb
- - -
+ + +
- - -
You will need : battery, bulb, 3 pieces of wire, tape, metal spoon, plastic cup, pencil,
wooden ruler, paper clip, rubber.
Battery Bulb
Metal spoon
If the object is a conductor the bulb will light.
If the object is an insulator the bulb will not light.
Try to predict which objects are conductors and which are insulators before you
begin. Test the different objects and mark your results with a tick below.
Choose another object to test and write it at the bottom of the table.
Metal spoon
Plastic cup
Pencil
Wooden ruler
Paper clip
Rubber
To produce more
electricity
we need more
fossil fuels.
Electricity
a. Which one do you think has not been energy efcient? Explain your
answer.
b. Which one has caused the smallest amount of pollution? Explain your
answer.
No matter what we do, the heat inside our homes will eventually escape. The
trick is to slow down this loss of heat energy as much as possible.
Look at the picture below. Where are the draughts coming in and the heat escaping
from?
Circle them and explain what they are under the picture.
How can you stop all the draughts you found in the picture? Look at your draughty
room again.
How does each of the solutions below stop one of the draughts?
Brush seal
around letter
box.
Double glazed
windows or foam
strips around the
frame.
Insulation in
roof space.
Brush seal
on bottom of
door.
Curtains to pull
over window.
The following pictures show simple ways to be more energy efcient. Beside each
picture explain how they save energy.
Energy efcient
light bulbs.
Thermostat
to control the
temperature of
the house.
Turn the
television off
when nobody is
watching it.
Hanging
washing out
instead of
using a tumble
dryer.
Putting a lid on a
boiling pan.
Letter
box
brush
You have to design a leaet to encourage your family and friends to save energy.
Decide what size it should be and use both sides of the paper. Lots of colour and pictures
will make your leaet more interesting to look at.
Complete the table below, tick the box or boxes to show the properties of the materials.
Aluminium foil
Newspaper
Plastic
Polystyrene
Cotton
Wool
Steel
Rubber
Some of these qualities are important for energy conservation materials used in our
homes and in other buildings (these are materials that are used to insulate buildings).
2. Which of the materials tested could be used to reduce heat loss from a
building? Explain your answer.
Instructions
1. Split into groups of 2-3 people.
2. Each group should have a different type of material to use as insulation.
3. Complete the table by listing your insulating material.
4. Line the plastic bottle with at least 5cm of insulation.
5. Measure out 100 millilitres of warm water and carefully pour into the cup. Place the
cup into the plastic bottle with the insulation.
6. Using a thermometer measure the temperature of the water. This is the starting
temperature so record it in the table below.
7. Measure and record the temperature every 5 minutes for 15 minutes
(3 measurements).
8. Compare your data with that from the other groups.
LIGHTING CHECK
Look at all the different lights you have at home.
1. How many light bulbs do you have in your home?
total cost=
To last the same time and give the same light, you would
need 8 ordinary 100 watt bulbs. A total cost of 3.50.
If an ordinary bulb was left on for 12 hours a day for one
year, it would use 37.67 of electricity.
What is the total cost of the 8 ordinary bulbs over the 8
years?
total cost=
Which bulb is more energy efcient? Explain your answer.
a. Day Night
Outside
Hall
Kitchen
Living room
Bedroom
Near door
Near window
Middle of room
Near re/radiator
At oor level
At eye level
Using the information from part b. of your temperature experiments, draw a plan of your living
room to show the different places you measured the temperature. At each place write what the
actual temperature recorded was.
Thermostats on radiators
Double glazing
Loft insulation
Radiator foil
Lighting
3. Are there any energy efcient
light bulbs tted?
Electrical appliances
Total
The maximum score is 70. If your school scores over 50 you are doing
well. If the score is lower, what could be done to make it more energy
efcient.
Bryson Charitable Group 2006
Energy detective at school
Now that you know something about how your school uses energy, what
can you do to make it even more energy efcient?
Some of the main ones are:-
Use thermostats to control heating.
What about . . .
Designing energy efciency posters, stickers,
badges and slogans.
Having an energy efciency essay competition.
Designing and keeping up to date an Energy
Performance Progress Chart. This could be kept
in the entrance hall of the school and have graphs
showing fuel and electricity used and a record of
inside temperatures.
TRUE OR FALSE
Read these sentences. They are either true or false. Cross out the false
ones.
(a) Dust on a light bulb has no effect on the amount of light it gives out.
(b) Lighter coloured walls reect light better than darker colours.
(c) Energy efcient light bulbs last up to 8 times longer than ordinary
bulbs.
(d) Energy efcient bulbs use more electricity than ordinary bulbs.
WORDSQUARE
F O O R C E
Hidden in the square are 5 ways that heat S R D L S O
escapes from a house - W O D N I W
A B O Z C A
DOORS, WINDOW, ROOF, FLOOR and L S R O O D
WALLS. L G I P H R
S E U X B S
Some of them are written backwards! S R O O L F
Renewable
Energy
What is Renewable Energy?
Today we can harness energy from the sun, wind, water and the natural
heat of the earth to produce electricity with very little harm to
our environment. These forms of energy are renewable, which means
that they will never run out. Fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas will
eventually run out, they are called non-renewable.
Name the energy resource for the pictures below. You will nd the word
you need in the box. Say whether you think each energy resource is
RENEWABLE or NON-RENEWABLE.
Energy from the sun is called SOLAR energy. Lets nd out a bit more
about it...
photovoltaic
cell
The suns energy can be used to heat homes, to power cars, weather stations,
and even satellites.
Use the internet or look in the library to nd out about solar cars. See if you can answer
the questions below.
3. In which country does a solar powered car race take place every year?
Use the information in the boxes above to describe how a solar power station
turns solar energy into electricity.
1 Draw a sketch of the best solar collector and explain why you think it
worked better than the other containers.
Draw a line from the sun to the things that get their energy from solar power.
In the past, wind energy has been turned into mechanical energy by
windmills to run machinery. For thousands of years, Man has tried many
different designs to get as much power as possible from the wind.
To make the blades as light and as fast as In the North, winds are much stronger, and
possible, cloth sails were used.To get the windmills needed to be much more solidly
most energy out of the wind, the sails were built, with wooden sails. Windmills are still
angled so that the wind hit them from the used in Holland to pump water and were
side. used all over Northern Ireland to grind
corn.
The amount of electricity a turbine can produce depends on the strength of the wind, and
also the size of the blades. If the wind is too strong the turbine has to shut down.
3. Wind turbines are enormous and need a lot of space / very little space.
A group of wind turbines is called a wind farm. They are usually found on top of hills, where
the wind can ow freely and is not blocked by trees or buildings. There must be plenty of
space between each turbine to give the blades room to spin. In some countries, wind farms
can have hundreds of turbines. In Northern Ireland however they are much smaller -
usually about 10 turbines. On Rathlin Island there are 3 wind turbines - they supply the
population with electricity, as the island is not connected to the mainland electricity
system.
Slievenahanaghan
Rigged Hill
Corkey
Altahullion
Elliots Hill
Owenreagh
Bessy Bell
Lendrums
Bridge
Slieve Rushen
Draw a new 4 turbine wind farm in a suitable location on the picture below.
1. Explain why you have chosen this site for your wind farm.
3. Who do you think might object to your wind farm being built? Why?
5. What other sources of renewable energy can you see in the picture?
Card
A pipe cleaner
A straw
A pair of scissors.
Cut
Cut
Cut
6. Make a small loop at one end of the pipe cleaner and push the other end through the holes.
7. Thread the pipe cleaner through the straw and bend at the bottom to secure it.
1. The wind changes speed and direction from place to place, at different times of
the year, and even during the same day. Do you think we can depend on wind
energy as our only source of power in any one place? Why?
2. Mark the things that you think are good about wind energy with a tick.
Mark the things that you think are bad about wind energy with a cross.
a. Wind power is a very clean kind of b. Wind turbines are very big and
energy. can be seen for miles.
c. Wind does not have to be paid for. d. Wind turbines can be noisy.
e. Wind does not blow all the time. f. Wind will never run out.
Are there more ticks or crosses? What are the advantages and disadvantages of wind
energy?
We have been using water power for hundreds of years in Northern Ireland e.g. using our
rivers to power lots of different kinds of machinery. Take a look below.....
1. Castle Ward on the shores of Strangford Lough: they used the incoming and outgoing
tides to power a mill which ground corn in the 1700s.
2. Wellbrook Beetling Mill, Cookstown: in the 1800s the running water from a river was
used to power large hammers to beat out ax for linen manufacturing.
3. Barbour Threads, Lisburn: used the running waters of the River Lagan to power the
looms which turned ax into linen.
4. Pattersons Spade Mill, Templepatrick: in 1919 water energy was used to power the
machinery to make spades and are still using it today.
Make a model overshot waterwheel. This model is like the old waterwheels used for
grinding corn or powering linen mills. It is the weight of the water in the buckets that
causes the wheel to overbalance and turn.
Instructions
1. Carefully cut out two cardboard circles, about 15cm in diameter. Brightly
colour one side of each circle.
2. Carefully cut out the egg cups from an egg carton. You need to decide how
many egg cups your wheel will need.
3. Evenly staple the cups around the outside edge of one of the circles, then
staple the second disc onto the other side of the egg cups.
4. Push a pencil through the holes in the centre of the circles and your
waterwheel is ready to go.
Once you have tested the wheel you can attach some string and a basket (empty lm
container or egg cup) to the pencil and test how much weight the wheel will lift.
egg cups
running
water
cardboard
circles
weight
Explain how the overshot wheel works, and if you could make the design
better.
incoming tide
turbine
outgoing tide
turbine
Every time the tide comes in and goes out Think about the sea on a stormy day, huge
electricity can be generated. Tidal power waves crashing into the shore. We can use
is a renewable source of energy. this wave energy to make electricity.
Headland
Bay Headland
A line of boxes with a turbine in each
of them are anchored off shore. The
Waves are formed by wind blowing movement of the waves force air up
across the surface of the water. Waves through the turbine. The turbine is forced
can travel 1000s of miles before they to spin, this is transferred to a generator
reach the shore, full of energy. which produces electricity.
crust
Rainwater naturally seeps into the rock below the surface of the
earth. The hot rocks heat the water up, and when it resurfaces
through a crack in the earth, is is called a hot spring. If it ex-
plodes into the air, it is called a geyser.
Name the geothermal areas marked on the map (North America, Iceland, Italy and New
Zealand).
Below is a map showing different geothermal areas in the world. Can you
name the places? Choose from the countries given below.
1
3
1. _____________________ 3. ______________________
2. _____________________ 4. ______________________
Biomass is the name given to all living material - trees, crops, wood,
branches, leaves and animal waste. These all contain stored sunlight
in the form of chemical energy.
Biomass can also be used to produce fuel for cars and other vehicles.
Plant material is put into large heated tanks called digesters. Inside
the tanks, chemicals are added which change the plant material into a
type of alcohol called ethanol. The ethanol can then be used as a fuel in
vehicles, producing less pollution than ordinary petrol.
In Brazil many cars run on ethanol In the U.S.A. ethanol produced from
made from sugar cane plants. These corn is added to petrol to reduce
are the same plants that give us the pollution.
sugar lumps to put into our tea and
coffee!
All living material Under the sea Oil and gas Fossils
Heating homes Fuel for vehicles To help you run Gas for cooking
Fossil Fuel
Power
Stations
What are Fossil Fuels?
Write down three words that could be Write down three words that could be
used to describe oil. used to describe gas.
coal liquid
oil gas
gas solid
When fossil fuels are burned they give off smoke. Match each smoke cloud to the
fossil fuel you think it has come from. Think about the colour of each fossil fuel.
Atlantic
Ocean
County
Antrim
Coolkeeragh
(Gas) Ballylumford
County Kilroot (Gas)
Kilroot
Londonderry (Coal and Oil)
(Coal & Oil)
Irish
Lough Sea
Neagh
County Tyrone
Belfast
Lo
ug
h
County
County Down
County Armagh
Fermanagh
Er
ne
a. All the power stations are beside b.The power station nearest to
Belfast is
a. rivers a. Kilroot
b. mountains b. Coolkeeragh
c. sea c. Ballylumford
c. Oil & Coal arrive at the stations by d. How many stations are in
County Antrim?
a. plane a. 3
b. train b. 2
c. ship c. 0
2. Look at the pictures below. One of the ships is an oil tanker the other is a coal
collier. Which one is which?
This ship is an
This ship is a
KEY
1 Coal Jetty 7 Turbine generators
2 Coal Stores 8 Sub-Station
3
3 Fuel Oil Tanks 9 Transmission lines
3 4 Boilers
9 5 Chimney N
3
6 Ash Disposal
W E
8 S
2
7 7 7 7
2
44 4 4
5
Belfast Lough
1. Using the plan of Kilroot power station and a ruler nd the power station parts.
a. Go to the end of the coal jetty, go North for 6cm, West for 9cm. You have
found the rst part of the power station, the .
b. Find the chimney at 5, go East for 1cm, then North for 2cm. You have found
the second part of the power station, the .
c. Go to the end of the coal jetty, go West for 10cm, then North for 8cm. You
have found the last part of the power station, the .
2. The picture below shows how all the parts in the power station are joined
together. Using the key below colour in the different parts.
Chimney
Boiler
Generator
Coal crusher Turbine
2.Boiler-heat energy
1. Coal-chemical energy
6. Pylons
5. Substation
4. Generator-electrical energy
3.Turbine-mechanical energy
1. A fossil fuel power station starts off with the energy stored in coal, oil or gas and changes
it into electrical energy. Fossil fuels store chemical energy. The power stations put the fuel
into a boiler and set re to it. The boiler also has water in it. The chemical energy in the
fuel is changed into heat energy in the form of steam. A boiler is just like a huge kettle.
2. The steam is superheated to over 500C and sent through pipes to the turbine. The steam
is under pressure, just like air in a tyre. This means that the steam has lots of mechanical
energy.
3. The steam goes through the turbine blades making them spin 3000 times in one minute.
Once the steam has gone through the turbine it goes into a condenser which changes it back
into water, which is then pumped back into the boilers.
4. The turbine is connected to the generator, this is a large magnet and lots of wire. When
the magnet spins 3000 times a minute the generator makes electrical energy.
Tur
bin
e g
ene
rat
or
substation
2. Belfast West power station closed in March 2002 after over 40 years of
electricity generation at Belfast docks. The coal-red power station had
7 boilers, each boiler burning 100 bags of coal every hour.The coal was
burned in the boilers 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
(a) How many bags of coal did the (b) How many bags of coal did
7 boilers burn every hour? the station burn in one day?
(c) How many bags of coal did the (d) How many bags of coal did
station burn in the month of May? the station burn in a year?
3. Steam makes the turbine spin 3000 times a minute. In one second, how
many times will the turbine spin?
4. a. Which part of the station uses heat energy to turn water into steam?
b. The steam makes which part of the station spin 3000 times a minute?
c. Which part of the station turns mechanical energy into electricity?
d. What is the oil stored in?
e. What goes up the chimney?
When you have lled in all the answers the shaded boxes will show you
what happens to coal and oil in a power station.
OIL
Boiler
energy energy
Generator
Turbine
energy energy
8.
9.
7.
6.
5.
4.
3.
2. Coal crusher
1.
Now write them out again in the right order to explain how a power
station works.
Fossil Fuels Coal, oil or natural gas that result from the fossilisation
of ancient plants or animals.