Master of Industrial Sciences 2016- 2017

Faculty of Engineering Technology, Campus GROUPT

EFFECT OF CLOTHING STYLE ON NONVERBAL GREETING

BEHAVIOUR OF STUDENTS AT GROUPT DURING THE
MORNING
Name Student One1, Name Student Two1

<Masterstudents discipline, e.g. Electronics Engineering>,

1

Faculty of Engineering Technology, Campus Group T, Leuven

Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium

Supervisor(s): Names
Unit <Name Unit>
Faculty of Engineering Technology, Campus Group T, Leuven
Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
First.Last@kuleuven.be

Co-supervisor(s): Names
<Department,>, <Company>, <Company Address>

ABSTRACT
The Abstract should be viewed as a miniature version of the paper. Since potential readers should be able to make
their decision on the personal relevance based on the Abstract, the Abstract should clearly tell the reader what
information he can expect to find in the paper. The Abstract should (1) state the principal objectives and scope of
the investigation, (2) describe the methods employed, (3) summarize the results, and (4) state the principal
conclusions. Most of the Abstract will be written in the past tense, because it refers to work done. The Abstract
should never give any information or conclusion that is not stated in the paper. The authors should always keep in
mind that the Abstract is the most frequently read part of a paper. It should contain at most 200 words, and be
printed in one paragraph. Do not cite references in the Abstract. Do not include or refer to tables and figures.
Overall your total paper should be somewhere between 10000 and 15000 words, and somewhere between 10 and
20 pages. Please respect the formatting of the template and use the styles provided by the template. Do not change
fonts, font sizes, margins, etc.

Keywords
About four key words or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas. Given the importance of web-
searching, it is essential thatauthors make every effort to ensure articles are found online, quickly and accurately.
The "key" to this is the appropriate use of keywords. Authors should know the key phrases for their subject area.
Reference to an established common indexing standard in a particular discipline is a useful starting point (for
instance ChemWeb).
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1 INTRODUCTION
The purpose of the Introduction should be to supply
sufficient background information to the reader to situate,
understand and value the results of the present study.
Above all, state briefly and clearly your purposefor writing
the paper, in other words the problem you will address
(also termed the research question).After reading the
Introduction, the reader should be able to situate your work
and know why your work is relevant. Much of the
Introduction should be written in the present tense.
Suggested rules for the remainder of a good Introduction
are as follows:
1.1 Nature and scope of the problem
Firstly, the Introduction should present, with all possible
clarity, the nature and scope of the problem
investigated(McKenna, 1997; Pahl, Beitz, Feldhusen, &
Grote, 2007). The context of use and the nature of the
problem and or system should be absolutely clear to the
reader.Frame the problem: why is it important to solve this
problem? This is also the place where you cangive
information on the company or research institution you are
working for and why they proposed this master
thesis.Secondly, after framing the problem, the exact
research question should be formulated. In other words,
the research problem should be clearly defined. Therefore,
definitions, theories, concepts, etc. necessary to
understand the problem should be explained.
1.2 Analysis of existing systems/methods/
models/theories, etc.
One should also mention an analysis of existing
systems/development approaches and or related work.The
aim is to review the pertinent literature in order to orient
the reader(Boyle, 2012).
Students should also mention background information
ofthe R&D methods that their master thesis relies upon,
e.g. the design patterns, frameworks, etc. and provide the
necessary research information. Choose references
carefully to provide important background information.
The reader should not have to consult other publications in
order to understand your master thesis(Barrass, 2002).
// 2. RELATED WORK
If this part of the part of the Introduction is too large (over
200-300 words), a separate chapter might be warranted,
called Related work or you can change the title to reflect
more accurately what you are discussing in that section,
e.g. Analysis of related systems, Study of state-of-the
art algorithms, Available frameworks, etc.In case a
separate chapter follows, the Introduction should only
briefly mention this and from there the reader should be
referred to the appropriate section.
1.3 Outline of the paper
A good way to end your Introduction is with a schematic
outline of what the reader can expect in the remainder of
the paper.Please note that there are different possible ways
of organizing the different chapters of a master thesis.
Some master theses might adhere strictly to the classical
research paper and list as main chapters Introduction,
Materials and Methods, Results, and Discussion.
Other master thesis might adhere to a more typical
engineering process and prefer chapters to resemble this
engineering process, for example by providing the
chapters Requirements analysis, High-level design (or
conceptual design), Development (or Implementation),
Evaluation (or validation), etc. For clarity, we will use a
purple color to indicate this alternative structure.
Obviously, in the end, this should simply be in a black font
color(Booth, 1993; Braine, 1989).
You have the freedom to choose the chapters and structure
that suits you. However, it is best not to mix structures,
you either adhere to a more classical division or to the
engineering process. Whatever structure you prefer, the
principles of scientific writing should be respected.
Readers should be able to understand what you did, so that
they can judge, repeat or extend your work. You should
provide rationales and justify or reflect on yourwork. In
other words, you should provide proof of why your
workwas good (or not so good).
At the end of a schematic outline, students can also already
state the principal results of the research and development
and let the reader already know what the main contribution
of your master thesis is. Most often, one or two sentences
can suffice
Finally, it goes without saying that you should form proper
sentences, it is wise to use the spell checker before
submitting your master thesis. Use the proper terminology
and be consistent, always use the same word for the same
concept, and spell it in the same manner.
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
In the Introduction, you might have already briefly
mentioned the methodology you have chosen and perhaps
defended the reasons for your choice of a particular
method.
2.1 Materials
Now, in Materials and Methods, you must give full details.
Most of this section will be written in the past tense.
2.1.1 Main purpose
The main purpose of the Materials and Methods section is
to describe the exact approach of your R & D work, and to
provide enough detail so that a competent worker can
repeat your work.
Other purposes. Other purposes include providing
information that will let readers judge the appropriateness
of the methods (and thus the probable validity of the
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findings) and that will permit assessment of the extent to
which the results can be generalized
Heading 4. And this is yet another sentence to simply
illustrate how to implement heading 4. As you can see, this
simply done by putting the keyword in bold, followed by
a dot (and not by a blank rule).
2.1.2 Research materials
For Materials, include the exact technical specifications
and quantities and source or method of preparation.
Because the value of your paper (and your reputation) can
be damaged if your results are not reproducible, you must
describe research materials with great care.
Students are encouraged to add figures and schemas to
enhance the legibility of the paper. As an example, Fig. 1
is included to show you how a picture can be placed in the
text. Do not forget that figures should be numbered, and
that every figure deserves a caption, placed directly below
the figure. You should refer to that figure in your text as
well.
Figure 1. A picture representing some figures related to chaos
theory.
Save your figures separately and only then insert them into
your paper. Use the proper file format if possible. Make
sure the quality is fine (resolution, size, color), colored
figures & images are only useful if you print the report in
color. Figures should be centered, do not place text on the
left or the right side of a figure. The caption should also be
centered. Ensure that figures are made and sized in such
manner that you do not need a looking glass, and
remember that copying figures without a reference is the
equivalent of plagiarism.
2.2 Methods
For Methods, the usual order of presentation is
chronological. Obviously, however, related methods
should be described together, and straight chronological
order cannot always be followed. Be precise. methods are
similar to cookbook recipes. If a reaction mixture was
heated, give the temperature. Questions such as how and
how much should be precisely answered by the author
and not left for the reader to puzzle over. If your method
is new (i.e. unpublished) you must provide all of the
needed detail. If, however, the method has been published
in a journal, the literature reference is needed(Science
Writing, 2010).
Do not make the common error of mixing some of the
Results in this section. There is only one rule for a properly
written Materials and Materials section: enough
information must be given so that the work or experiments
could be repeated by a competent colleague.
//2. REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS
If you prefer to organize your paper to the engineering
process, you might prefer a Requirements chapter,
followed by a Design chapter and a Development chapter,
rather than a Materials and Methods chapter. The
Requirements analysis (or similar title) typically lists
requirements (e.g. use cases and/or use case diagrams),
scenarios of use, functional and non-functional
requirements coming from other (non-) engineering
departments,
//3. DESIGN
Requirements might be followed by a Design chapter,
or an Architecture chapter, or a Systems overview, or a
similar title that describes youre the high-level designs. If
necessary you can still split this up in several chapters.
While not mandatory, if you did undertake efforts to
evaluate the quality of your designs or high-level
architectures, it is wise to include this information as well.
Obviously, students should always try to justify the
choices they made (technologies, components, interfaces,
etc.)
//3.1 System level
At a system level, this part of the paper could contain:
Mechanic components
User Interface components
Hardware and/or software partitioning
Hardware schemas of the main building blocks
and interfaces between those building blocks
Software components and main interfaces
between those components
Again, figures and schemas can certainly augment the
legibility of the paper, however ensure to also describe the
design or architecture in words.
//3.2 Component level
At the component level, a detailed design of the different
blocks or modules should be given (e.g. flow diagrams,
class/sequence/state diagrams, etc.)
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// 4. DEVELOPMENT/IMPLEMENTATION
In case you adhere to the engineering process structure,
you should add the actual implementation or the
development of the system. Students should mention
implementation environment (tools, OS) and other
relevant information (a special data structure, code,
memory optimization, special sensors, etc.). Obviously,
students should not provide every action or every line of
code but only that information that is relevant to the reader
in order to understand the specifics of the implementation.
3 RESULTS
Now, we come to the proof of your work, namely the (test)
results. Consequently, this part of the paper is called the
Results section. In this section, students should give
information about how they validated or tested their
research and development efforts.
First you should give some overall information on how
you did carry out the tests. This is the part where you
provide information about the testing environment, the
type of tests (user tests, robustness, validation tests,) as
well as the number of tests, etc. The reader should know
exactly what you did.
Secondly, you should provide the data of the test results
itself. Ideally, these tests reflect on the requirements that
were listed earlier, e.g. if you mentioned that your system
should be able to achieve a certain accuracy, here is where
you list the results of the testing of the accuracy. Data can
be presented as graphs or as tables. Graphs (see figure 2)
are more suitable for displaying trends. Graphs are figures,
so the caption should go below the figure.Think about the
best way to represent your data, e.g. line graph versus pie
charts vs. bar charts.
Figure 2. A graph is a figure as well. This is an illustration of a
pie charts versus bar graphs. Be sure to discuss the graph in
your text as well and to refer to it.
Detailed data is typically presented in a table. Take care,
you should present representative data rather than
endlessly repetitive data. You should also still describe the
most important results of your tests in words, and not
expect your reader to defer this from your table.
Table 1. Nonlinear Model Results. It is also best to have more
extensive captions that are informative.
Your results should be presented in the past tense.
Although the Results section is the most important part, it
is often the shortest, particularly if it is preceded by a well-
written Method chapter and followed by a well written
Discussion.The Results need to be clearly and simply
stated because it is the Results that constitute the new
knowledge that you are contributing to the world. The
earlier parts of the paper are designed to tell why and how
you got the Results; the later part of the paper (Discussion)
is designed to tell what they mean, to elaborate on the
significance. Obviously, therefore, the whole paper must
stand or fall on the basis of the Results. Thus, the Results
must be presented with crystal clarity.
3.1 Numbers
If you did not already include numbers, equations and
statistics, this is the place where you will. Therefore, spell
out any number that begins a sentence, title, or heading
or better still, reword it to place the number later in the
text. In general, use Arabic numerals (10, 11, 12) when
referring to whole numbers 10 and above, and spell out
whole numbers below 10. There are some exceptions to
this rule:
If small numbers are grouped with large numbers
in a comparison, use numerals, e.g., 7, 8, 10, and
13 trials; but not when numbers are used for
different purposes, e.g., 10 items on each of four
surveys.
Numbers in a measurement with units, e.g., 6 cm,
5-mg dose, 2%.
Numbers that represent time, dates, ages, sample
or population size, scores, or exact sums of
money.
Numbers that represent a specific item in a
numbered series, e.g., Figure 5.
3.2 Statistics
When reporting statistics in the text, be sure to italicize
statistical and mathematical variables, e.g., F test, t test,
population size N, p = .03. Use commonly accepted
abbreviations for statistical symbols. Please take care to
write statistics in the proper way. Do not use the word
significant if you did not apply statistical tests and
compute the p-values.
3.3 Equations
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Space and punctuate equations and formulas as you would
regular words: In the equation 3x + y = z, we see that
Put simple equations in the text. Set off complicated
equations from the text with two double spaces above and
below, numbered in the right-hand margin with an Arabic
numeral in parentheses. The number will help you to refer
to a specific formula later on.
( + ) = () (1)
=0
Always explain every symbol that is used, but do not
include entire calculations, only show the main steps. The
reasoning is more important than the mere calculation.Use
the right units and never include copy-pastes from Maple,
Matlab, etc.
// 5. EVALUATION/VALIDATION
In case you adhere to the engineering process structure,
you might prefer to add a chapter that describes how you
validated or evaluated the quality of your work. This
evaluation could be an evaluation with users, but it could
also be stress testing, accuracy tests, bug tests, strength
tests, etc. The same guidelines as under the Result chapter
described above should be followed. After this evaluation
chapter, you should also add the Discussion chapter as
described below.
4 DISCUSSION
The Discussion is harder to define than the other sections.
It is usually the hardest section to write. Bear in mind, in a
good Discussion, you discuss you do not recapitulate
the Results.
Firstly, reflect on the problem or research question that
you presented in the Introduction. Were you able to solve
it? Whereas in the Result chapter you simply state the
results of a test, in the Discussion you frame your results
with respect to the research question or the problem you
are trying to solve. Was your approach to solving the
problem a good one? Was it the best? Would you
recommend it to future engineers?
What did you learn from your results?Try to present the
principles, relationships, and generalizations that can be
drawn from your work, and are shown by the Results.
Show how your results and interpretations agree (or
contrast) with previously published work(Venables
&Summit, 2003). Dont be shy; discuss possible
theoretical implications of your work, as well as possible
practical applications.
A discussion is also a place for reflection and for
advice/warnings to other researchers. Here you can write
how the research could still be improved and what future
researchers should focus on.Point out any exceptions or
any lack of correlation and define unsettled points. Never
take the high-risk alternative of trying to cover up or fudge
data that do not quite fit. If this is a particularly long
section, it could also become a new section called Future
work
// 5. FUTURE WORK
If this part is sufficiently large (e.g. 200 words), you can
use a separate section where you provide tips and
suggestions, for future researchers that will be working on
the same topic. This reinforces the knowledge that you
have generated through your master thesis and also show
that you can critically reflect on your work and rise above
it. In other words, we recommend that you do write such a
section.
5 CONCLUSION
A separate Conclusions section should be incorporated
after the Discussion. A conclusion is a summary of your
work, a reader that only reads the conclusion should still
get the main contribution of your work. A good model of
a conclusion is to think of it as an extended abstract in
which you can put more stress on the results and why your
work is important. Remember that it should be possible for
a reader to read only the conclusion and not the rest of your
paper, s/he should still get the main points of your work.
You definitely need to end your paper with highlighting
the significance of your work. Do not make the mistake of
providing new information in a conclusion.
6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The main text of a scientific paper is usually followed by
two additional sections, namely, the Acknowledgements
and the References.
As to Acknowledgements, the important element is
simple courtesy. There isnt anything really scientific
about this section of the paper. Two possible ingredients
require consideration. First, you should acknowledge any
significant technical help that you received from any
individual, whether in your laboratory or elsewhere. This
is also the place to thank your supervisor, if you like.
You should also acknowledge the source of special
equipment, cultures or other materials.Second, it is usually
the Acknowledgements wherein you should acknowledge
any outside financial assistance, such as grants, contracts
or fellowships.
7 REFERENCES
This is the last section of a scientific paper. It contains no
sentences (so these sentences here should be omitted), but
a list of references you refer to in your paper. We use the
APA rules to represent references. Hence, papers are not
referred to by footnotes but are cited within the body of the
text like in this sentence (Alley, 1995). At the end of the
paper, references are listed by author, sorted
alphabetically.For more information on the APAstyle,
6
visit
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/,howe
ver we advise to use a reference manager. Use Zotero,
Jabref, or use the reference manager that comes with MS
Word. There is no excuse for unartful referencing.
Dont include references you dont explicitly refer to in
the text. Certainly do not limit references to a URL, even
if it is only a webpage or YouTube video. The URL only
points to the location but does not tell you who the author
is, or the organization behind the body of work, nor does
it tell you the publication date. Finally, ensure that
columns on the last page are made as close as possible to
equal length.
Barrass, R. (2002). Scientists Must Write: A Guide to
Better Writing for Scientists, Engineers and
Students. Psychology Press.
Booth, V. (1993). Communicating in Science: Writing a
Scientific Paper and Speaking at Scientific
Meetings. Cambridge University Press.
Boyle, R. (2012, October 10). 5 Tips For Scientists On
How To Not Write Like Scientists | Popular
Science. Retrieved March 25, 2014, from
http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2012-
10/5-tips-scientists-how-not-write-scientists
Braine, G. (1989). Writing in science and technology: An
analysis of assignments from ten undergraduate
courses. English for Specific Purposes, 8(1), 3
15. doi:10.1016/0889-4906(89)90003-3
McKenna, B. (1997). How Engineers Write: An Empirical
Study of Engineering Report Writing. Applied
Linguistics, 18(2), 189211.
doi:10.1093/applin/18.2.189
Pahl, G., Beitz, W., Feldhusen, J., & Grote, K.-H. (2007).
Introduction. In Engineering Design (pp. 125).
Springer London. Retrieved from
http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-
84628-319-2_1
Science Writing: Practice Makes It (Almost) Perfect.
(2010). Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
zPZtgVQSfc&feature=youtube_gdata_player
Venables, A., & Summit, R. (2003). Enhancing scientific
essay writing using peer assessment. Innovations
in Education and Teaching International, 40(3),
281290. doi:10.1080/1470329032000103816