ENTERING NUMBERS & FORMULAS, ALIGNMENT,

MENUS, COMMANDS, TOOLBARS & THEIR ICONS

INTRODUCTION

Microsoft Excel has the basic features of all spreadsheets,[2] using a grid of cells
arranged in numbered rows and letter-named columns to organize data manipulations like
arithmetic operations. It has a battery of supplied functions to answer statistical, engineering
and financial needs. In addition, it can display data as line graphs, histograms and charts, and
with a very limited three-dimensional graphical display. It allows sectioning of data to view
its dependencies on various factors for different perspectives (using pivot tables and the
scenario manager).[3] It has a programming aspect, Visual Basic for Applications, allowing
the user to employ a wide variety of numerical methods, for example, for solving differential
equations of mathematical physics,[4][5] and then reporting the results back to the spreadsheet.
It also has a variety of interactive features allowing user interfaces that can completely hide
the spreadsheet from the user, so the spreadsheet presents itself as a so-called application, or
decision support system (DSS), via a custom-designed user interface, for example, a stock
analyzer,[6] or in general, as a design tool that asks the user questions and provides answers
and reports.[7][8][9] In a more elaborate realization, an Excel application can automatically poll
external databases and measuring instruments using an update schedule,[10] analyze the
results, make a Word report or PowerPoint slide show, and e-mail these presentations on a
regular basis to a list of participants.

Formulas

Formulas are the real workhorses of an Excel 2010 worksheet. If you set up a formula
properly, it computes the correct answer when you enter it into a cell. From then on, it keeps
itself up to date, recalculating the results whenever you change any of the values that the
formula uses.

You let Excel know that you're about to enter a formula in the current cell by entering the
equal sign (=). Some formulas follow the equal sign with a built-in function such as SUM or
AVERAGE. Many simple formulas use a series of values or cell references that contain
values separated by one or more of the following mathematical operators:

This Mathematical Operator . . . . . . Is Used For

+ (plus sign) Addition
- (minus sign or hyphen) Subtraction
* (asterisk) Multiplication
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/ (slash) Division
^ (caret) Raising a number to an exponential power

For example, to create a formula in cell C2 that multiplies a value entered in cell A2 by a
value in cell B2, enter the following formula in cell C2: =A2*B2

To enter this formula in cell C2, follow these steps:

1. Select cell C2.

2. Type the entire formula =A2*B2 in the cell.
3. Press Enter.

alignment

Standard toolbar to align text and numbers in cells

You've probably noticed by now that Excel XP left-aligns text (labels) and right-aligns
numbers (values). This makes data easier to read.

You do not have to leave the defaults. Text and numbers can be defined as left-aligned, right-
aligned, or centered in Excel XP. The picture below shows the difference between these
alignment types when they're applied to labels.

Text and numbers may be aligned using the left-align, center, and right-align buttons on the
Formatting toolbar:

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To align text or numbers in a cell:

Select a cell or range of cells.

Click either the Left-Align, Center, or Right-Align buttons on the Standard toolbar.
The text or numbers in the cell(s) take on the selected alignment treatment.

Toolbar, menus & commands

A toolbar is either docked or floating. Docked toolbars are attached to the edge of the
Program window, while floating toolbars appear suspended over the worksheet. You can
dock and toolbar just like you can make any toolbar floating.

As with toolbars, you can also customize menus by adding or deleting commands.

The Standard toolbar

This entire toolbar could become a floating window by double-clicking on the control bar at
the far left end of this toolbar. That gives the following window, which can be placed
anywhere on the screen:

This toolbar can be restored to its original position by clicking in the gray bar at the top and
dragging it back to the top of the screen. Push the top of the window up to the bottom of the
menu bar.

Function of commonly used buttons

Creates a new blank document

Opens or finds a file
based on the default template

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 Saves the active file with its Prints the active file - for
current file name, location and more print options go to the
file format File menu and select Print
Print preview - Shows how
Spelling, grammar and writing
the document will look when
style checker
you print it.
Cut - Removes the selection
Copy - Copies the selected
from the document and places
item(s) to the clipboard
it on the clipboard
Format painter - Copies the
Paste - Places the content of
format from a selected object
the clipboard at the insertion
or text and applies to other
point
objects or text
Redo - Reverses the action of
Undo - Reverses the last
the Undo button, use the pull-
command, use pull-down
down menu to redo several
menu to undo several steps
steps
Sort Ascending - Sorts
Auto Sum - Adds numbers
selected items from the
automatically, and suggests
beginning of the alphabet, the
the range of numbers to be
lowest number or the earliest
added
date
Sort Descending - Sorts
Chart Wizard - Guides you
selected items from the end of
through the steps for creating
the alphabet, the highest
an embedded chart (graph)
number or the latest date
Displays or hides the Drawing Zoom - Enlarge or reduce the
toolbar display of the active document

How To Show or Hide Toolbars:

1. Right click on a Toolbar
2. Observe the shortcut menu
3. Select the toolbar you want to on or off.
o The ones with a check beside it are turned on.

How To Move toolbars:

1. Observe the toolbar you want to move or make floating.
2. Point to the left side of the docked toolbar.
o You should see a vertical row of 2 dotted lines.
3. Click, hold and drag the toolbar to it's new location.
4. Release your mouse.

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How To Dock toolbars:
1. Observe the floating toolbar you want to dock.
2. Point to the top of the floating toolbar.
3. Click, hold and drag the toolbar to it's new location.
4. Release your mouse.

How To Customize the toolbars:

1. From the Tools menu choose Customize to open the Customize dialog box.
2. Click the Commands tab.
3. From the Categories list, select the category of the command you want to find.
4. From the Commands list, select the desired command.
5. Drag the command onto the desired toolbar.
6. Repeat Steps 3 to 5 for adding additions buttons.
7. Click Close when finished.

How To Reset the toolbars:

1. From the Tools menu choose Customize to open the Customize dialog box.
2. Click the Toolbars tab.
3. Select the Toolbar you want to reset back to default.
4. Click Reset.
5. Click OK to the confirmation dialog box.
6. Repeat Steps 3 to 5 to reset addition toolbars.
7. Click Close when finished.

How To Customize the menus: Windows only

1. Be VERY CAREFUL when following these steps. It is very easy to lose menus.
2. From the Tools menu choose Customize to open the Customize dialog box
3. Click the Commands tab.
4. From the Categories list, select the menu to which you want to add a command.
5. From the Commands list, select the command you want to add.
6. Drag the selected command onto the appropriate menu.
7. Repeat Steps 4 to 6 for additional menu additions.
8. Click Close when finished.

CONCLUSION

Windows applications such as Microsoft Access and Microsoft Word, as well as Excel can
communicate with each other and use each other's capabilities. The most common are
Dynamic Data Exchange: although strongly deprecated by Microsoft, this is a common
method to send data between applications running on Windows, with official MS
publications referring to it as "the protocol from hell".[26] As the name suggests, it allows
applications to supply data to others for calculation and display. It is very common in

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financial markets, being used to connect to important financial data services such as
Bloomberg and Reuters.

OLE Object Linking and Embedding: allows a Windows application to control another to
enable it to format or calculate data. This may take on the form of "embedding" where an
application uses another to handle a task that it is more suited to, for example a PowerPoint
presentation may be embedded in an Excel spreadsheet or vice versa.[27]

REFERENCES

https://support.office.com/en-au/article/Enter-a-formula-2e99d6c8-f681-44d4-
b6e6-a8fad1a47b2a
http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-to-enter-basic-formulas-in-excel-
2010.html
http://www.internet4classrooms.com/excel_toolbar_standard.htm