MR GMAT Vocabulary Advanced List

Turbocharge Your GMAT:
GMAT Vocabulary List (Advanced)

Version 5.1 (December 18th, 2012)
275 Madison Ave, Suite 1429

New York, NY 10016
Phone: +1 (212) 316-2000

Free: +1 (800) 246-4600
Europe: +44 20 7060 9800
Asia: +65 3158-2571
www.manhattanreview.com
19992013 Manhattan Review. All Rights Reserved.
ii GMAT Vocabulary List (Advanced)
Copyright and Terms of Use
Copyright and Trademark
All materials herein (including names, terms, trademarks, designs, images and graphics) are
the property of Manhattan Review, except where otherwise noted. Except as permitted herein,
no such material may be copied, reproduced, displayed or transmitted or otherwise used with-
out the prior written permission of Manhattan Review. You are permitted to use material
herein for your personal, non-commercial use, provided that you do not combine such material
into a combination, collection or compilation of material. If you have any questions regarding
the use of the material, please contact Manhattan Review at info@manhattanreview.com.
This material may make reference to countries and persons. The use of such references is for
hypothetical and demonstrative purposes only.
Terms of Use
By using this material, you acknowledge and agree to the terms of use contained herein.
No Warranties
This material is provided without warranty, either express or implied, including the implied
warranties of merchantability, of fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement. Man-
hattan Review does not warrant or make any representations regarding the use, accuracy or
results of the use of this material. This material may make reference to other source materi-
als. Manhattan Review is not responsible in any respect for the content of such other source
materials, and disclaims all warranties and liabilities with respect to the other source materials.
Limitation on Liability
Manhattan Review shall not be responsible under any circumstances for any direct, indirect,
special, punitive or consequential damages (Damages) that may arise from the use of this
material. In addition, Manhattan Review does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of
its course materials, which are provided as is with no warranty, express or implied. Man-
hattan Review assumes no liability for any Damages from errors or omissions in the material,
whether arising in contract, tort or otherwise.
GMAT is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admission Council.

GMAC does not endorse nor is it affiliated in any way with the owner of this product or any
content herein.
Last updated on December 16, 2011.
Manhattan Review, 275 Madison Avenue, Suite 1429, New York, NY 10016.
Phone: +1 (212) 316-2000. E-Mail: info@manhattanreview.com. Web: www.manhattanreview.com
www.manhattanreview.com 19992013 Manhattan Review

GMAT Vocabulary List (Advanced) iii
About the Turbocharge your GMAT Series
The highly acclaimed Turbocharge Your GMAT series is the result of the arduous ef-
fort of Manhattan Review to offer the most comprehensive and clear treatment of the
concepts tests in the GMAT. The Manhattan Review Turbocharge Your GMAT prepara-
tion materials include over 600 pages of well-illustrated and professionally presented
strategies and originally written problems for both the Verbal Section and Quantita-
tive Section, 200 pages of detailed solutions, and more than 300 pages of internally
developed Quantitative Glossary and Verbal Vocabulary List with detailed definitions,
related words and sentence examples. The detailed breakdown of exclusive practice
problems per category is 40+ Reading Comprehension passages, 60 Critical Reasoning
questions, 250 Sentence Correction questions, and 300+ Quantitative questions.
Manhattan Review uses this material when delivering its weekend crash courses, one-
week intensive courses, weekday and weekend long courses, online workshops, free
seminars, and private tutoring to students in the US, UK, Continental Europe, Asia and
the rest of the world. Please visit www.manhattanreview.com to find out more and also
take a free GMAT practice test!
GMAT Math Study Guide (ISBN: 978-1-62926-013-6)

GMAT Math Study Companion (ISBN: 978-1-62926-014-3)
GMAT Verbal Study Guide (ISBN: 978-1-62926-015-0)
GMAT Verbal Study Companion (ISBN: 978-1-62926-016-7)
GMAT Sentence Correction Guide (ISBN: 978-1-62926-022-8)
GMAT Integrated Reasoning Guide (ISBN: 978-1-62926-025-9)
GMAT Vocabulary Builder (ISBN: 978-1-62926-026-6)
19992013 Manhattan Review www.manhattanreview.com

iv GMAT Vocabulary List (Advanced)
About the Company
Manhattan Reviews origin can be traced directly to an Ivy-League MBA classroom in

1999. While lecturing on advanced quantitative subjects to MBAs at Columbia Business
School in New York City, Prof. Dr. Joern Meissner was asked by his students to assist
their friends, who were frustrated with conventional GMAT preparation options. He
started to create original lectures that focused on presenting the GMAT content in a
coherent and concise manner rather than a download of voluminous basic knowledge
interspersed with so-called tricks." The new approach immediately proved highly pop-
ular with GMAT students, inspiring the birth of Manhattan Review. Over the past 15+
years, Manhattan Review has grown into a multi-national firm, focusing on GMAT, GRE,
LSAT, SAT, and TOEFL test prep and tutoring, along with business school, graduate
school and college admissions consulting, application advisory and essay editing ser-
vices.
About the Founder
Professor Joern Meissner, the founder and chairman of Manhattan Review has over
twenty-five years of teaching experience in undergraduate and graduate programs at
prestigious business schools in the USA, UK and Germany. He created the original
lectures, which are constantly updated by the Manhattan Review Team to reflect the
evolving nature of the GMAT GRE, LSAT, SAT, and TOEFL test prep and private tutoring.
Professor Meissner received his Ph.D. in Management Science from Graduate School of
Business at Columbia University (Columbia Business School) in New York City and is a
recognized authority in the area of Supply Chain Management (SCM), Dynamic Pricing
and Revenue Management. Currently, he holds the position of Full Professor of Sup-
ply Chain Management and Pricing Strategy at Kuehne Logistics University in Hamburg,
Germany. Professor Meissner is a passionate and enthusiastic teacher. He believes that
grasping an idea is only half of the fun; conveying it to others makes it whole. At
his previous position at Lancaster University Management School, he taught the MBA
Core course in Operations Management and originated three new MBA Electives: Ad-
vanced Decision Models, Supply Chain Management, and Revenue Management. He has
also lectured at the University of Hamburg, the Leipzig Graduate School of Management
(HHL), and the University of Mannheim. Professor Meissner offers a variety of Executive
Education courses aimed at business professionals, managers, leaders, and executives
who strive for professional and personal growth. He frequently advises companies
ranging from Fortune 500 companies to emerging start-ups on various issues related
to his research expertise. Please visit his academic homepage www.meiss.com for fur-
ther information.

GMAT Vocabulary List (Advanced) v
Manhattan Review Advantages
Time Efficiency and Cost Effectiveness

The most limiting factor in test preparation for most people is time.
It takes significantly more teaching experience and techniques to prepare a
student in less time.
Our preparation is tailored for busy professionals. We will teach you what
you need to know in the least amount of time.
High-quality and dedicated instructors who are committed to helping every

student reach her/his goals
Manhattan Reviews team members have combined wisdom of

Academic achievements
MBA teaching experience at prestigious business schools in the US and UK
Career success
Our curriculum & proprietary Turbocharge Your GMAT course materials
About 600 pages of well-illustrated and professionally presented strategies

and exclusive problems for both the Verbal and the Quantitative Sections
200+ pages of detailed solutions
300-page of internally developed Quantitative and Verbal vocabulary list with
detailed definitions, related words and sentence examples
Challenging Online CATs (Included in any course payments; Available for sep-
arate purchases)
Combine with Private Tutoring for an individually tailored study package
Special Offer for Our Online Recording Library (Visit Online Library on our
website)
High-quality Career, MBA & College Advisory Full Service
Our Pursuit of Excellence in All Areas of Our Service

Visit us often at www.ManhattanReview.com.
(Select International Locations for your local content!)

vi GMAT Vocabulary List (Advanced)
International Phone Numbers & Official Manhattan Review Websites
Manhattan Headquarters +1-212-316-2000 www.manhattanreview.com

USA & Canada +1-800-246-4600 www.manhattanreview.com
Australia +61-3-9001-6618 www.manhattanreview.com
Austria +43-720-115-549 www.review.at
Belgium +32-2-808-5163 www.manhattanreview.be
China +86-20-2910-1913 www.manhattanreview.cn
Czech Republic +1-212-316-2000 www.review.cz
France +33-1-8488-4204 www.review.fr
Germany +49-89-3803-8856 www.review.de
Greece +1-212-316-2000 www.review.com.gr
Hong Kong +852-5808-2704 www.review.hk
Hungary +1-212-316-2000 www.review.co.hu
India +1-212-316-2000 www.review.in
Indonesia +1-212-316-2000 www.manhattanreview.com
Ireland +1-212-316-2000 www.gmat.ie
Italy +39-06-9338-7617 www.manhattanreview.it
Japan +81-3-4589-5125 www.manhattanreview.jp
Malaysia +1-212-316-2000 www.manhattanreview.com
Netherlands +31-20-808-4399 www.manhattanreview.nl
Philippines +1-212-316-2000 www.review.ph
Poland +1-212-316-2000 www.review.pl
Portugal +1-212-316-2000 www.review.pt
Russia +1-212-316-2000 www.manhattanreview.ru
Singapore +65-3158-2571 www.gmat.sg
South Africa +1-212-316-2000 www.manhattanreview.co.za
South Korea +1-212-316-2000 www.manhattanreview.kr
Sweden +1-212-316-2000 www.gmat.se
Spain +34-911-876-504 www.review.es
Switzerland +41-435-080-991 www.review.ch
Taiwan +1-212-316-2000 www.gmat.tw
Thailand +66-6-0003-5529 www.manhattanreview.com
United Arab Emirates +1-212-316-2000 www.manhattanreview.ae
United Kingdom +44-20-7060-9800 www.manhattanreview.co.uk
Rest of World +1-212-316-2000 www.manhattanreview.com

GMAT Vocabulary List (Advanced) vii
Introduction
A great mastery of essential English words will no doubt be very helpful to you in
achieving a satisfactory GMAT score and improving communication skills. To better
assist you in your GMAT preparation, Manhattan Review has developed an exclusive
Vocabulary List for your reference.
This book includes about 2,500 words and phrases which have appeared in the past
GMATs. We have categorized all of them by their grammatical forms such as transitive
verb, intransitive verb, countable noun, uncountable noun, adjective and phrase. In
addition to the first two columns of Words and Forms, we have also included another
4 columns to the right: Grammatical Details, Key Definitions, Example Sentences and
Relevant Words.
Grammatical Details cover all the different verb variations in the past tense, past par-
ticiple, present participle, and third-person present singular forms.
Key Definitions show all the common and most important meanings of a word in a plain
and succinct manner.
Example Sentences demonstrate the actual applications of a word in a simple context.

We believe it is easier for students to memorize and use new vocabularies once they
see sample sentences involving the new words.
Relevant Words include all the related adjectives, nouns, adverbs and other forms of a
word. They are shown to broaden students knowledge of a word and their ability to
better maneuver the language in different contexts.
Please note that a portion of this list may have been distributed to you in advance of
your GMAT course for the purpose of warming up your English grammar skills and
refreshing your command of English vocabulary.
To keep all our course materials at a consistently high level of quality, Manhattan Re-
view will continue to update and broaden this list. If you have any comments, please
feel free to contact us.
Happy prepping and good luck on the test!

Page 1
GMAT - Vocabulary List
Words Form Grammatical Key Definitions Sentence Examples Relevant Words

Details
(Notes: Trans: Transitive; Intrans: Intransitive; Pl: Plural; PT: Past Tense; PP: Past Participle; PresP: Present Participle;
3rd S: 3rd Person Present Singular; N: Noun; Adj: Adjective; Adv: Adverb; V: Verb)
abscisic acid Phrase A plant hormone that Due to abscisic acid, plants
causes a plant's buds and haven't exhibited any sign
seeds to be dormant, of growth.
retards the growth of
plants, and leads the plant
to shed its leaves, flowers
and fruits.
abscissa Noun Pl: abscissas or The x-coordinate in a two Though the student found it
abscissae dimensional system of easy to determine the y-
Cartesian coordinates coordinate, he had difficulty
to pinpoint the x-coordinate
or abscissa.
acquiesce Verb PT: acquiesced To agree to perform a task The woman acquiesced to acquiescence (N)
(Intrans) PP: acquiesced passively instead of her employers' request and acquiescent (Adj)
PresP: acquiescing expressing consent completed her assignment. acquiescently (Adv)
3rd S: acquiesces explicitly.
acridine Noun A type of colorless, Acridine was used by the
crystalline solid that is used manufacturers of fabrics to
in the manufacture of dyes. make beautiful dyes.
adipose Adjective Fat found in the body tissue In dissecting the body in adiposeness (N)
underneath the skin and anatomy, the medical adiposity (N)
around vital organs. student found a huge area
in the stomach filled with
adipose.
adjudication Noun Pl: adjudications The official decision made The judge ordered that
by the court. adjudication of the case not
be interrupted.
admonition Noun Pl: admonitions A very mild reprimand or The judge issued an
caution given to a person. admonition to the hostile
witness.
adulatory Adjective Flattering someone Adulatory phrases were
excessively. offered by the President in
describing his newly
appointed ambassador.
affinity Noun Pl: affinities A connection, natural liking, The young rock star felt an
or identification with affinity for classical musical
somebody or something. as his father was an opera
singer.
afoul Adjective; Become involved into The young man ran afoul of
Adverb trouble or conflict. the law when he stole a car.
amalgam Noun Pl: amalgams A mixture of two or more An amalgam of materials

different characteristics. was gathered to create a
new building product.
amino acid Noun Pl: amino acids A complex belonging to a Amino acids are the
class of proteins that cornerstone of genetic
contain an amino group. construction.
amphetamine Noun Pl: amphetamines A stimulant drug used in Amphetamines were once
the treatment of depression used in weight loss as they
and as an appetite speed up the metabolic
suppressant. system.
anachronism Noun Pl: anachronisms A mistake of placing It would be an anachronism anachronous (Adj)
something from one time to talk of King Edwards anachronously (Adv)
period into another time surfing the Internet.
period.
www.manhattanreview.com 19992012 Manhattan Review ..

GMAT Vocabulary List page 2 ..

Details
anaerobe Noun Pl: anaerobes An organism that does not Anaerobe bacteria can cause
require oxygen for a rare form of tuberculosis.
metabolism in order for it
to survive.
anaerobic Adjective 1. Occurring or living Some plants are anaerobic. anaerobically (Adv)
without the presence of They can grow without
oxygen. oxygen.
2. Not having or providing
oxygen.
anesthetic Noun Pl: anesthetics A compound, used mostly The injected anesthetic anesthetic (Adj)
in medicine, that decreases helped the dentist perform anesthetically (Adv)
the feeling or pain and may oral surgery without causing
possibly result in the patient pain.
unconsciousness. Anesthetics relieve pain and
are essential to modern
medical practice.
anopheles Noun Anopheles are one of the
mosquitoes that transmits
malaria.
antebellum Adjective Relating or describing the Antebellum homes built
period of time before the before the Civil War are now
Civil War. often museums.
anthropological Adjective Pertaining to the study of Anthropological evidence anthropologically
human kind. indicates Australian (Adv)
aborigines remained
hunters/gatherers.
antiaristocratic Adjective Antiaristocratic tendencies
were seen in communistic
societies where labor was
valued.
antibiotics Noun; Noun A substance used as a Antibiotics prevent the antibiotically (Adv)
Adjective Pl: antibiotics medication and produced spread of bacterial
naturally that will kill or infections.
deactivate bacteria.
anticlimactic Noun Pl: anticlimaxes An unsatisfying or normal An announcement of anticlimactic (Adj)
end after an increasingly resignation was anticlimactically
exciting event. anticlimactic as the news (Adv)
had been developed by the
young biologist.
antipsychotic Adjective; Noun Adjective An antipsychotic drug aids

Noun Pl: antipsychotics Gets rid of the effects of in treatment of
psychosis. schizophrenia.
Noun
A drug created to relieve
the effects of a psychiatric
disorder.
antithesis Noun Pl: antitheses The other extreme in The antithesis of a civil
comparison. progressive society is a
brutal dictatorship.
aperiodic Adjective Occurring at non-regular Aperiodic assessment of aperiodically (Adv)
intervals. temperature allowed for a aperiodicity (N)
scientific approach covering
all generalities.

Page 3

Details
apolitical Adjective Having no concern or Conservative churches in apolitically (Adv)
interest in politics. the United States are no
longer apolitical. They often
lobby for their causes these
days.
apothecary Noun Pl: apothecaries Another name for a A pharmacy can be called an
pharmacist: a person who apothecary shop.
supplies medicine.
appropriation Noun Pl: appropriations An amount of money placed The appropriation of land
aside, usually from a for oil production caused
governmental budget, to be anger amongst
used for a particular environmentalists.
purpose.
archaeologist Noun A person who studies Archaeologists attempt to archaeologist (N)
ancient culture by understand the structure
examining the material and cultures of ancient
remains of these cultures. peoples.
artisan Noun Pl: artisan A person who is trained in a Fresco artisans assisted
craft. Michelangelo in painting the
Sistine Chapel.
aspersion Noun Pl: aspersions 1. An oral attack on The old woman cast
someone's character or aspersions on the stranger
reputation. walking down the street.
2. Stating a defamatory
comment.
asphyxiation Verb (Trans PT: asphyxiated To withhold oxygen from a The patient's death was asphyxiation (N)
and Intrans) PP: asphyxiated person or animal, or to be resulted from asphyxiation. asphyxiator (N)
PresP: asphyxiating withheld of oxygen, leading
3rd S: asphyxiates to unconsciousness or
possibly death.
asunder Adverb Broken apart or into pieces The family was torn asunder
(formal) by the war.
as-yet- Phrase or dated) The as-yet-unexploited
unexploited mineral resources in the
mountains lie on
government-owned
property.
at one stroke Phrase At one stoke of the clock,
the signal to advance was
given to the troops who
surrounded the fort.
austere Adjective Strict, disciplined, The dorm life of St. austerely (Adv)
especially suggesting Stephen's School was austereness (N)
physical hardship. Spartan and austere.
auxin Noun Pl: auxins A plant hormone that is auxinic (Adj)
produced either naturally of auxinically (Adv)
synthetically that affects
the growth and
development of the plant's
shoots, roots, fruit, and
flowers.


Details
balk Verb; Verb Verb The teenager balked at the balker (N)
Noun PT: balked 1. To refuse to go on or idea of a weekend with his
PP: balked stop suddenly. grandparents in the country.
PresP: balking 2. To refuse to do
3rd S: balks something based on your
Noun own moral scruples or
plural balks because you have a natural
revulsion towards what you
are doing.
Noun
1. A large piece of wood
that is shaped like a square.
baroque Adjective; Adjective Baroque style furniture is baroquely (Adv)

Noun In a highly ornamental style opulent, grandiose and
that is either bizarre or very detailed in its design.
exaggerated.
Noun
A type of architecture that
is highly ornamental and is
particular to European
architecture of the mid-
16th to early 18th
centuries.
be at issue Phrase To disagree; to have a To be at issue with the
different viewpoint. prevailing view point, the
newspaper supported
alternative views.
be contained in Phrase To be included in. Alternative methods of
taxation were contained in
the legislation.
be priced out of Phrase To be forced out of Due to deep discounting by
competition due to pricing. large retailers, smaller
shops were priced out of the
market as a result of lack of
scale.
beatific Adjective Showing or emanating The beatific nature of the beatifically (Adv)
extreme happiness and young nun made her actions
serenity. seem angelic.
biota Noun Pl: biotas The total number of
organisms that live in a
specific area.
bona fide Adjective A true statement or account The bona fide winning
of good intentions. lottery ticket was presented
for cash.
boreal Adjective Describes a region with cold The aurora boreal is one of
winters and warm the universe's primary star
summers, similar to a systems.
northern temperate climate.
bout Noun Pl: bouts An attack of illness that has A bout of flu forced the
a limited duration. student to remain in bed for
three days.
brandling Noun Pl: brandlings An earthworm that is The brandling was the
reddish brown in color and perfect worm to catch the
is often used as bait. fish.
briny Adjective comparative: brinier Having a connection with Pickles are preserved in a brininess (N)
superlative: briniest made up of, or having the briny solution of vinegar
quality of sea water. and salt.

Page 5

Details
budworm Noun Pl: budworms A larva of a moth that lives
off conifer buds.
bugbear Noun Pl: bugbears A source of irritation or The old husband was a
difficulty that is bugbear when it came to
continuous. pestering his wife about
dinner.
calamitous Adjective Creating great difficulty, Calamitous events in the calamitously (Adv)
disaster, or tragedy. country included famine,
disease and pestilence.
caliph Noun Pl: caliphs The title taken by Muslim A caliph, acting as lifetime
rulers that claim religious monarch, is a preferred
authority from Muhammad system of ruling in some
to be able to rule. Islamic sects.
calligraphic Adjective Delightful and imaginative The calligraphic design on calligrapher (N)
handwriting. the wedding invitation made
the print look baroque.
campesino Noun Pl: campesinos The name of an agricultural Campesino did all the labor
worker in Latin-America. on the fruit and vegetable
farm.
capricious Adjective Being predisposed to make Women are often spoken of capriciously (Adv)
abrupt and random as capricious and flighty in capriciousness (N)
changes. their decisions.
captious Adjective Being predisposed to find We should not be concerned captiously (Adv)
fault and make unimportant with captious comments captiousness (N)
and unnecessary criticisms. from our peers from time to
time.
carcinogen Noun Pl: carcinogens A compound or chemical Tobacco and asbestos are
agent that can cause cancer. carcinogens that cause
cancer.
cardiopulmonary Adjective Involving both the heart Cardiopulmonary
and lungs. physicians treat ailments of
the heart and lungs.
cardiovascular Adjective Involving both the heart Cardiovascular disease
and the blood vessels. affects the arterial system
around the heart.
carol Noun; Noun Noun A group of singers caroler (N)
Verb (Trans Pl: carols A joyful song or hymn that performed old fashioned
and Intrans) Verb (Transitive and is religious in nature. Christmas carols.
Intransitive) Verb (Trans & Intrans)
PT: caroled To sing a hymn that
PP: caroled celebrates Christmas.
PresP: caroling
3rd S: carols
carpal Adjective; Pl: carpals Adjective Carpal tunnel syndrome

Noun Pertaining to the bones that affects hand and wrist
are located in the wrist. performance.
Noun
One of the bones located in
the wrist.
cartographer Noun Pl: cartographers A person that creates maps. Cartographers create
detailed maps of the
physical, cultural and
political features of the
earth.


Details
caveat Noun Pl: caveats A statement that is made to A caveat for the lottery
warn or caution. winner was that taxes must
first be taken before
winnings are dispersed.
caviar Noun The salty fish eggs of a big The tiny black fish eggs
fish that were with hardboiled eggs
are consumed as a delicacy. indicating Russian caviar.
centrifugal Adjective; Adjective Centrifugal force separates centrifugalism (N)

Noun In physics, it is describing particles in the chamber. centrifugally (Adv)
the action of either pulling
or moving away from the
center or the axis of
something.
Noun
A piece of machinery that
uses centrifugal force.
chaise Noun Pl: chaises A carriage for one or more A chaise lounge is a long
than one person that is decorative chair allowing
light, two-wheeled, drawn the legs to be extended.
by one horse, and is usually
hooded.
chalice Noun Pl: chalices A goblet or drinking cup The silver chalice sat on the
that is made of metal. altar for ceremonial wine
drinking.
chameleon Noun Pl: chameleons A lizard mostly found in The chameleon changes chameleonic (Adj)
Africa and Madagascar, that colors to mesh with its
is a tree-dweller and has environment.
long thing legs, a long
sticky tongue, a small
curled tail, and is able to
change color.
chauvinism Noun Patriotism that is too The feminist movement
enthusiastic, aggressive, or attempted to eradicate male
unreasoning. chauvinism from the
culture.
chiaroscuro Noun The artistic use of light and The chiaroscuro approach in chiaroscurism (N)
shade in paintings and the drawing is a chiaroscurist (N)
drawing, especially for breakthrough in the era.
contrast purposes.
chisel Noun; Noun A tool used to cut and Sculptors chisel a block of
Verb (Trans Pl: chisels shape wood or stone that is stone to create artistic form.
and Intrans) Verb (Transitive and made up of a straight flat
Intransitive) blade with a sharp edge
past tense: chiseled shaped as a square placed
PP: chiseled in the handle.
PresP: chiseling Verb (Trans & Intrans)
3rd S: chisels To work, cut, or carve wood
or stone with the use of a
chisel.
chlorofluorocarbo Noun A gas made of carbon, Chlorofluorocarbons are

ns hydrogen, chorine, and refrigerants used in air
fluorine mainly used as a conditioning systems.
refrigerant and propellant
of aerosol.

Page 7

Details
cholesterol Noun A steroid alcohol, solid in Cholesterol counts are used
nature, that is found in to determine the potential
tissue, bile, blood, eggs, and for heart disease.
fats.
chordate Adjective A class of animals that All animals will a spinal
includes the vertebrates chord are known as
that at some developmental chordates.
stage has a main dorsal
nerve cord, a skeletal rod,
and gill slits.
chromosome Noun Rod shaped structures in Chromosome studies maybe chromosomal (Adv)
the nucleus of a cell that used as indicators of genetic
carry the genes that diseases.
determine sex and other
characteristics that are
inherited from parents.
cinder Noun Pl: cinders Noun The cinder's sparks on a dry cindery (Adj)
A little piece of burned day caused a forest fire.
wood or coal that continues
to light up.
Plural Noun
The ashes that linger even
after the fire has stopped
burning.
circadian Adjective Describes a pattern that is Some job requires a

repeated every 24 hours. circadian work schedule.
climatologist Noun A person who studies the The climatologist predicted
science of climates. a change in weather
patterns.
coalesce Verb (Trans PT: coalesced To combine or make things At the meeting, their ideas coalescence (N)
and Intrans) PP: coalesced combine into one body or coalesced into something coalescent (Adj)
PresP: coalescing group. grand.
3rd S: coalesces
coda Noun The final section of a piece The coda of the composition
of music that inserts was challenging to most of
dramatic energy into the the musicians in the
musical work. orchestra.
coinage Noun Pl: coinages Money in the form of coins. The new country decided
against a coinage system in
favor of bills.
collaborate Verb PT: collaborated To work together with any The two academics in
PP: collaborated other or a group of people different departments will
PresP: collaborating so that a particular outcome collaborate to create a
3rd S: collaborates can be achieved. multidisciplinary work.
compulsory Adjective; Pl: compulsories Adjective Compulsory attendance at compulsorily (Adv)

Noun Obligatory either by law or school is required until a compulsoriness (N)
some sort of authority. minor turns sixteen.
Noun
An obligatory routine or
exercise that athletes in a
particular support are
required to do as part of
their competition.


Details
concerto Noun Pl: concertos or A musical piece of work for Rachmaninoff's concerto in
concerti an orchestra that shows off D minor is a deeply moving
the work of a soloist or a piece of music.
group of soloists.
congenial Adjective Enjoyable and right to A congenial atmosphere congeniality (N)

someone's personality or within the office creates congenially (Adv)
taste or particular to a happier and more congenialness (N)
situation. productive employees.
connive Verb PT: connived To arrange something The dishonest employee conniver (N)
(Intrans) PP: connived secretly because it is connived with his friend to connivery (N)
PresP: conniving usually wrong or illegal. steal company funds.
3rd S: connives
consortia Noun A combination or grouping The consortia of media consortial (Adj)
of institutions, financial companies lobbied for
organization, and business stricter rules on media
that are commonly set up piracy.
for a mutual purpose that
would beyond the actual
abilities of one individual
member of the group.
contemptuous Adjective Demonstrating or showing The daughter was contemptuously (Adv)

strong dislike or complete contemptuous of her contemptuousness (N)
lack or respect for someone mother's advice.
or something.
contralto Noun Pl: contraltos Also known as alto; The The contralto's rich tones
lowest vocal range for thrilled opera patrons for
women's voices. years.
coriander Noun A plant that grows every Coriander and cilantro are
year and is indigenous to different names for the
Asia and the same herb.
Mediterranean; it is grown
for its leaves and seeds that
are used in the flavoring of
food used in cooking.
cornerstone Noun Pl: cornerstones A person or a thing is The teacher laid the
extremely important to cornerstone for the new
something else. classroom building in honor
of his years of service.
corny Adjective comparative: cornier Unoriginal and simple. Corny jokes are often silly. cornily (Adv)
superlative: corniest corniness (N)
coronary Adjective Describing the arteries that Coronary disease involves

bring blood to the heart, or the heart and its vascular
the veins that take blood area.
away from the heart.
coronary Noun An artery that bring blood Coronary angiography

angiography to the muscles of the heart. assists the physician in
determining vascular
blockage.
cortex Noun Pl: cortices or The outside layer of an The accident seems to have
cortexes organ that is solid or the bruised the women's
outside part of the body. cerebral cortex.

Page 9

Details
cosmic Adjective Pertaining to the entire Those interested in cosmically (Adv)
universe. astrology often refer to
cosmic forces at play in the
universe which influence
human emotions and action.
Cossack Noun Pl: Cossacks A farmer of Polish or Brave Cossacks fought

Russian ancestry that lives invaders in the seventeenth
in southeastern Russia, century Ukraine.
Ukraine, or Siberia.
countervail Verb (Trans PT: countervailed To apply a power or We must countervail with
and Intrans) PP: countervailed influence that acts against force and conviction to
PresP: something else. defend our territory.
countervailing
3rd S: countervails
countervailing Noun Pl: countervailing An import tax on the The countervailing duty on
duty duties commodities that are made goods from certain
inexpensively in their countries aids domestic
nation of origin. producers.
courier Noun; Noun Noun The courier came with a
Verb Pl: couriers A person that is entrusted message and papers for the
(Trans) Transitive Verb with the responsibility of lawyer.
PT: couriered transporting and
PP: couriered distributing official
PresP: couriering documents; this person is
3rd S: couriers generally either a diplomat
or a soldier.
Verb (Trans)
To transport a document or
package by a commercial
messenger service.
crass Adjective comparative: crasser Inconsiderate, offensive, There was a crass element crassitude (N)
superlative: crassest and, uncaring as to be void in her way of speaking. crassly (Adv)
of refinement and crassness (N)
gracefulness.
crest Noun; Noun Noun The artist painted the crests
Verb plural; crests The uppermost part of of mountains.
Transitive Verb something that rises or
PT: crested slants upwards.
PP: crested Verb (Trans & Intrans)
PresP: cresting To arrive at or rise to a
3rd S: crests peak.
cupidity Noun Greediness. Her cupidity led her to

marry the wealthy old man.
cytokinin Noun Pl: cytokinins A hormone made in plants The cytokinin hormone
that is responsible for would enable the fern to
regulating cell division and grow.
growth.
cytology Noun A section of biology that One section of the Biology cytologic (Adj)
deals with the study of course focused on cytology. cytological (Adj)
cells. cytologically (Adv)
cytologist (N)
cytoplasm Noun A fluid consisting of the The diagram of the cell cytoplasmic (Adj)
chemical compounds and identified its cytoplasm and cytoplasmically (Adv)
structures within a plant or the many other cellular
animal cell, not including structures within the cell.
the nucleus of the cell.


Details
darn Verb; Verb Verb After doing the laundry, the
Noun PT: darned To mend a hole in an mother darned holes in the
PP: darned article of clothing or piece children's clothes.
PresP: darning of fabric using long
3rd S: darns connected stitches to fill
Noun the hole.
Pl: darns Adjective; Adverb
Used in place of a curse
word to give importance to
or to show annoyance or
displeasure with a person
or thing.
Noun
To mend an article of
clothing or piece of fabric
using long connected
stitches.
Interjection
Used in place of a curse
word to show annoyance,
displeasure, or shock.
debenture Noun Pl: debentures A bond financed only by the The company has issued a debentured (Adj)
credit standing of the few publicly traded
person who issued the debentures.
bond; it may sometimes be
made into stock.
deferential Adjective Presenting or expressing A deferential attitude was deferentially (Adv)
courtesy or high respect. shown to the hotel's guest
by the employees.
deice Verb PT: deiced To get rid of ice from The driver needed to deice
(Trans) PP: deiced something like a his windshield in the winter,
PresP: deicing windshield, or to stop ice in order to be able to see
3rd S: deices from developing on it. while he drove.
demobilization Noun To release members of the Demobilization of the
armed forces from duty and Japanese military occurred
then send then home. after WWII.
demur Verb PT: demurred, Show reluctance; try to not The young girl demurred
PP: demurred do something because of against her mother's
PresP: demurring someone's own personal suggestion to quit eating
3rd S: demurs objections or unwillingness. sweets.
denationalization Noun Pl: The sale of businesses or Denationalization of basic

denationalizations other very large assets utilities is required to create
owned by either the state or capitalist societies.
private investors.
denigrate Verb PT: denigrated To insult someone's Teachers should not denigration (N)
PP: denigrated character or reputation. denigrate a student in the denigrator (N)
PresP: denigrating presence of others.
3rd S: denigrates
denouement Noun Pl: denouements A last and final part in The denouement of the
which all things are made novel occurred when the
apparent so that no hero was able to resolve his
question or surprises are self doubt.
remained unanswered.
dentition Noun The kind, number, and The wildlife expert
organization of a group of examined the deer's teeth
teeth. and created a dentition
chart of its teeth.

Page 11

Details
denunciatory Adjective Accusatory, condemning. Denunciatory activity
against minority groups
occurred during the Spanish
Inquisitions.
deride Verb PT: derided To mock or show disrespect To deride a friend for his derider (N)
(Trans) PP: derided for a person or a thing. failures creates a lack of deridingly (adverb)
PresP: deriding trust.
3rd S: derides
derision Noun Dislike and ridicule. Young boys often use
derision against weaker
members of the group.
detractor Noun Pl: detractors Someone who belittles or The old detractor attempted
undervalues someone or to make the woman feel
something. unattractive.
diapir Noun Pl: diapirs A dome shaped mass of Diapirs or salt-deposits diapiric (Adj)
stone that moves upwards often creates magnificent
through heavier overlying geological structures.
stone.
dichotomy Noun Pl: dichotomies A division into two separate The dichotomy between the dichotomic (Adj)
parts or situations that are serene message and its dichotomous (Adj)
very different or are brutal undertone was typical dichotomously (Adv)
opposite to each other. of the dictator's
communication.
didactic Adjective Having an ethical or The didactic teachings of didactically (Adv)

political message; the minister were meant to
Inclination to instruct or communicate morals.
advise others.
diphtheria Noun A severe contagious disease Diphtheria has been diphtherial (Adj)
that is caused by the eliminated throughout diphtheric (Adj)
bacterium Corynebacterium much of the world through diphtheritic (Adj)
diphtheria, that the use of vaccinations. diphtheroid (Adj)
contaminates the throat
membranes and causes
toxins to be released that
hurt the heart and the
nervous system.
disavow Verb PT: disavowed To reject or deny any The young woman disavowable (Adj)
(Trans) PP: disavowed knowledge of or blame for disavowed all responsibility disavowal (N)
PresP: disavowing something, or any for the failure of her disavowedly (Adv)
3rd S: disavows connection with someone or marriage. disavower (N)
something.
discretionary Adjective Giving someone the choice Discretionary funds were discretionarily (Adv)
to make decisions in used to improve the
agreement with someone's playground after all other
own circumstances. budgetary needs were met.
disparate Adjective Describing things or people Disparate factions of disparately (Adv)

that cannot be compared political parties have been disparateness (N)
because they are absolutely established in recent years.
different.
disparity Noun Pl: disparities Lack of equality or There remains a great deal
similarity between things or of disparity among the
people. opportunities available to
young people based on their
education and class.


Details
dissenter Noun Pl: dissenters Someone who holds a A dissenter stood up in the
different opinion. forum and spoke against the
proposed plan.
dissipate Verb (Trans PT: dissipated To make something fade or A steady decrease in rainfall dissipater (N)
and Intrans) PP: dissipated vanish, or to partake in dissipated the probability of dissipative (Adj)
PresP: dissipating such an event. high yield crops. dissipator (N)
3rd S: dissipates
divest Verb PT: divested To remove something like In order to divest himself of divestible (Adj)
(Trans) PP: divested status or power from a conflicts, the new politician divestment (N)
PresP: divesting person or a thing. placed stocks in a blind divesture (N)
3rd S: divests trust.
divestment Noun The removal of something The divestment of stocks
like status or power from a left the young politician free
person or a thing. to make better decisions.
dividend Noun Pl: dividends Something worthy or Because profits were up a

desired that is acquired as a dividend was granted to
bonus in conjunction with shareholders.
something else.
dogma Noun Pl: dogmas or A principle or set of Strict dogma insures
dogmata principles that are held to rigorous adherence to
be true by a religion. cultural tradition.
dogwood Noun Pl: dogwoods or A tree or bush that has The dogwood trees bloom in
dogwood small clusters of white spring throughout the
flowers enclosed by four southern United States.
large white or reddish
leaves.
dopamine Noun Noun: plural A chemical compound that Dopamines are used in
dopamines transmits nerve impulses prescription drugs to
and is involved in the improve depression.
formation of epinephrine; it
is found in the brain.
dote on Phrase Fond of; like a lot about. The grandmother doted on
the child and always
brought gifts.
dubious Adjective Unsure about a result or It was dubious that the dubiously (Adv)
outcome. property sold despite the dubiousness (N)
poor economy.
ductile Adjective Capable of being made into Ductile work on the air- ductilely (Adv)
a wire or into very thin conditioning unit was ductileness (N)
sheets. necessary during ductility (N)
construction.
dyskenesia Noun An impairment of the The doctor diagnosed the
control over regular muscle woman with dyskenesia
movements, that usually after she injured her chest
result in sporadic muscles.
movements or twitches.
echelon Noun; Noun Noun The echelon of success was
Verb (Trans Pl: echelons A level of influence or order reached with his
and Intrans) Verb (Transitive and in an association or appointment as chairman of
Intransitive) organization. the board.
PT: echeloned Verb (Trans & Intrans)
PP: echeloned To organize something in
PresP: echeloning or create an echelon.
3rd S: echelons

Page 13

Details
ecological systems Phrase Relating to the Ecological systems are
environment, with a focus easily destroyed by human
on the interrelationship disruption or climactic
between organisms and the change.
environmental system
effigy Noun Pl: effigies A mannequin made to The radical group burned in
amuse or insult someone on all the effigies of its brutal
purpose; it is a dictator.
representation of a person
or a thing that is highly
loathed or disliked.
effluent Noun Pl: effluents Liquid waste released from Effluent waste from Calcutta
a sewage plant or other was carried by rivers to the
type of industrial plant that Indian Ocean.
produces nuclear wastes.
egalitarianism Noun Pertaining to or founded on The egalitarianism of the

an idea that every person is Bahia faith creates a sense
equal and should be able to of equality among all its
enjoy social, and political members.
and equality, as well as the
same economic rights.
egregious Adjective Incredibly bad, ridiculous The egregious acts of a egregiously (Adv)
or obvious. fraudulent accounting firm egregiousness (N)
left the company bankrupt.
electromagnetic Adjective Made by or pertaining to An electromagnetic field electromagnetically

electromagnetism. was set up to prevent robots (Adv)
from entering the secret
chamber.
electron Noun Pl: electrons A negatively charged An atom is made up of
fundamental particle with a protons, neutrons, and
small mass; it is the electrons.
fundamental unit of matter
and it travel around the
nucleus of the atom.
emanate Verb (Trans PT: emanated To emerge from or out of a A sense of joy emanated emanative (Adj)
and Intrans) PP: emanated person, place, or thing. from the new mother's face
PresP: emanating when she held her child.
3rd S: emanates
embalm Verb PT: embalmed To add preservatives to a The Egyptian practice of embalmer (N)
(Trans) PP: embalmed body to prevent it from mummification involved the embalmment (N)
PresP: embalming decaying. embalming of the body with
3rd S: embalms chemicals.
embellish Verb PT: embellished Adding decorations or The ambassador
(Trans) PP: embellished ornaments in order to embellished his speech with
PresP: embellishing intensify the beauty of platitudes but did not
3rd S: embellishes something. appease the leadership.
embryo Noun Pl: embryos A baby in the mother's The embryo symbolizes the
womb before the end of the beginning of a life.
eighth week, after which it
is classified as a fetus.
empirical Adjective Centered on or Empirical data was utilized empirically (Adv)

differentiated by to complete the US census.
observation and experiment
instead of using theory.


Details
encapsulate Verb (Trans PT: encapsulated To show something in a Her theories encapsulate the encapsulation (N)
and Intrans) PP: encapsulated brief way. full range of possible encapsulator (N)
PresP: encapsulating alternatives in addition to
3rd S: encapsulates addressing exceptions to
the rule.
encephalitis Noun Pl: encephalitides A viral infection that causes After becoming infected encephalitic (Adj)
the brain to swell. with encephalitis, the
woman regretted not having
gotten the vaccine.
encroach Verb PT: encroached To trespass or intrude The city's authentic center encroacher (N)
(Intrans) PP: encroached slowly or cautiously on is being encroached upon by encroachingly (Adv)
PresP: encroaching someone, usually taking unappealing commercial encroachment (N)
3rd S: encroaches away the person's rights, shopping malls.
property, or authority.
endorphin Noun Pl: endorphins A chemical compound in Positive endorphins often

the brain that uses the are released by the brain as
same receptors that a result of good exercise.
morphine has.
endothermic Adjective Describes a chemical The endothermic nature of endothermy (N)
reaction in which heat is the human body enables it
absorbed. to always keep the same
body temperature despite
climactic changes.
enervation Verb PT: enervated To diminish someone's The enervation induced by enervation (N)
(Trans) past participle tense: physical, emotional, or the long hot summer caused
enervated ethical liveliness. everyone to loose any
PresP: enervating motivation to do anything.
3rd S: enervates
engender Verb PT: engendered To happen or arise into The engendered the values engenderer (N)
PP: engendered being, or make something of politeness and good
PresP: engendering do so. manners in their children
3rd S: engenders from a very young age.
epic Noun; Noun Noun The epic poem written by epical (Adj)
Adjective Pl: epics A long story-telling poem Milton Paradise Lost is read epically (Adv)
that uses lofty language to and treasured today.
celebrate the adventures
and triumphs of a
legendary hero.
Adjective
Pertaining to or being an
epic.
epochal Adjective Extremely important or World War II was an epochal

meaningful. event in world history.
ersatz Adjective Imitating something of Movie stars of the 1930s
superior quality; artificial. possessed a certain glamour
and ersatz not present in
contemporary actors.
eschew Verb PT: eschewed To evade doing or using The old man eschewed the eschewal (Adj)
(Trans) PP: eschewed something based on a possibility of traveling then
PresP: eschewing dogma. decided to stay home.
3rd S: eschews
espionage Noun Using spies to acquire Espionage and spying were
information that is secret. clearly acceptable during
the Cold War period.

Page 15

Details
espouse Verb PT: espoused To take up or support The minister espoused the espouser (N)
(Trans) PP: espoused something as a basis or practice of abstinence as a
PresP: espousing belief. clear moral choice.
3rd S: espouses
estrange Verb PT: estranged To make someone stop The two friends felt distant estranger (N)
(Trans) PP: estranged feeling friendly or loving and estranged after years of extrangement (N)
PresP: estranging toward another person, separation.
3rd S: estranges tradition, or belief.
et al Phrase And elsewhere. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
et al were philosophers of
the classical period.
ethnocentric Adjective A faith in or assumption of The ethnocentric nature of ethnocentric (Adj)

the dominance of your own Latin American studies ethnocentrically (Adv)
social or ethnic group. appealed to the young ethnocentricity (N)
woman.
ethnographic Noun A section of anthropology Ethnographic charts ethnographer (N)
that concerns itself with the explained the percentage of ethnographic (Adj)
explanation of cultural various cultural groups in ethnographically (Adv)
groups. the country.
ethnologist Noun Study of the comparison of Ethnologists study the
why and how cultures differ effects of distinct cultures
from one another. historically and
geographically.
ethylene Noun A flammable colorless gas Ethylene is an ingredient in ethylenic (Adj)
contained in petroleum, higher grade petroleum.
other natural gases, and
when fruit ripens.
etymology Noun Pl: etymologies The study of the origin of Etymology, the study of
words and how words got word origins, helps in
their meaning. linguistic development.
eukaryotic Noun Pl: eukaryotes An organism that has one eukaryotic (Adj)
or more cells and nuclei
and organelles that are
visible.
exacerbate Verb PT: exacerbated To worsen an already bad The child's temper tantrum
(Trans) PP: exacerbated or difficult situation. only exacerbated the
PresP: exacerbating mother's already strained
3rd S: exacerbates emotional state.
excise Noun; Noun Noun Excise taxes were charged at excisable (Adj)
Verb Pl: excises Imposing a tax on products the Canadian border on
(Trans) Verb (Transitive) that are sold in the goods purchased in the
PT: excised domestic market. United States.
PP: excised Verb (Trans)
PresP: excising To remove, delete, or edit a
3rd S: excises piece of something .
exclusionary Adjective The act of prohibiting the Exclusionary efforts have

inclusion of someone or always been part of
something. immigration law preventing
some groups from entering
the United States


Details
exigency Noun Pl: exigencies Something that a condition Exigency plans need to be
needs or makes considered should the
immediately necessary and project not meet its goals.
that places pressure on the
people involved in the
situation unable to handle
the demands of a political
life.
exodus Noun Pl: exoduses An exit or departure of a The exodus of the monarch
large amount of people butterfly each year from
from a place. Mexico to Texas is quite a
phenomenon.
expatriate Noun; Noun Noun The expatriate ignored the
Adjective; Pl: expatriates A person that has left his value of local customs and
Verb Verb home nation in order to live behaviors.
PT: expatriated or work in another nation.
PP: expatriated Adjective
PresP: expatriating Pertaining to people that
3rd S: expatriates live outside of their home
nation.
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
To live in another nation.
expound Verb (Trans PT: expounded To explain or describe a The workers expounded expounder (N)
and Intrans PP: expounded theory or opinion in detail upon their need for benefits
PresP: expounding or the explanation or at the union rally.
3rd S: expounds description of the
significance of a written
piece of work.
extrapolation Noun - The use of facts that are The extrapolation of the
already known as the initial novel was performed by the
point from where to draw professor.
assumptions or conclusions
about an unknown thing.
extraterrestrial Adjective; Noun Adjective Extraterrestrial existence is

Noun Pl: extraterrestrials Stemming from or living deemed very likely to exist
outside of the Earth. by scientists.
Noun
An unknown creature that
supposedly lives outside of
the Earth.
extricate Verb PT: extricated To free a person or a thing The associate at the
(Trans) PP: extricated with difficulty from a investment bank tried to
PresP: extricating physical limitation or a extricate himself from the
3rd S: extricates disagreeable or complex scandal.
situation.
faade Noun Pl: faades The front side of a building The building's faade
that shows the most concealed its true state.
important part of that
building.
fall into a rut Phrase A consistent trend or track The man had fallen into a
record from which a person rut of bad luck.
cannot get out.

Page 17

Details
farce Noun - An absurd or ridiculous Farce as a dramatic form
situation where all things was used by Oscar Wilde in
go wrong or turn out to be a the early 20th century to
sham. provoke social ridicule and
enable understanding.
far-reaching Phrase With extensive or The belief in equal

widespread effects, opportunity has led to far-
implications, or impacts. reaching positive reforms.
fauna Noun Pl: faunas or faunae The total animal life or a The flora and fauna of the faunal (Adj)
specific area or era. Indian Ocean can be viewed faunally (Adv)
by snorkeling or scuba
diving.
fava Noun A plant grown all over the On the Thanksgiving
world because it is able to holiday, the family feasts on
produces edible seeds that turkey, cranberry sauce and
are called beans. fava beans.
fervent Adjective Expressing fervent or very The gentleman has long fervently (Adv)
passionate interest. been a fervent supporter of ferventness (N)
the arts.
fetal Adjective Pertaining to or typical of a The children dissected a
fetus. fetal pig in their Biology
class.
fid Noun Pl: fids A pole or rod that is used to
give support to the topmast
of a ship or large boat.
field studies Phrase Part of the research is During his field studies in
carried out outside the Peru, the anthropologist met
laboratory. his future wife.
filibuster Noun; Noun Noun The minority senators have filibusterer (N)
Verb Pl: filibusters 1. A method used to delay chosen to filibuster the bill fillibusterism (N)
Verb or prevent the passage of a as a last effort to prevent it filibusterous (Adj)
PT: filibustered law or laws. coming to a vote.
PP: filibustered 2. A person who uses
PresP: filibustering methods, like performing
3rd S: filibusters lengthy speeches, to hinder
or prevent the passage of
laws.
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
To try and block or stop
laws from being passed by
stating long speeches.
financial crash Phrase Economic debacle; Sudden The financial crash of five
drop in finance or economy years ago still affects
consumer confidence today.
fjord Noun Pl: fjord An elongated narrow We will have to push the
coastal cove, often formed wagon across the fjord.
by glaciers, with steeply
sloping sides, especially
along the west coast of
Norway.


Details
fleck Noun; Noun Noun There was just a fleck of
Verb Pl: flecks Very small dots, speck, or white in the puppy's black
(Trans) Verb (Transitive) streaks that are dispersed coat which indicate to the
PT: flecked throughout the surface or breeder the dog might not
PP: flecked block of something. be full bred.
PresP: flecking Verb (Trans)
3rd S: flecks To place streaks, spots, or
specks on something.
fledgling Noun; Noun Noun The fledging business

Adjective Pl: fledglings 1. A baby bird that just struggled to attract
developed its feathers that customers.
are used for flying.
2. A person that is young or
lacks experience.
Adjective
Lacking experience because
the person or animal is still
in the act of learning.
flippant Adjective Expressing a lack of The discussion of flippant flippancy (N)

maturity that is considered matters by management is flippantly (Adv)
to be inappropriate. often a waste of time and
energy.
fly by Phrase Go by in a quick and Time flies by.
unrealizable way.
fool around Phrase To act in a way that lacks His wife persisted to fool
thought or responsibility. around despite the fact that
she knew her husband was
aware of her actions
forebear Noun Pl: forebears A relative who died a very My forebears were natives
long time ago. of this country.
foreshorten Verb PT: foreshortened 1. To abridge or make the In order to show distance,
(Trans) PP: foreshortened written work shorter. the artist foreshortened
PresP: 2. To make something look figures.
foreshortening shorter than it really is so
3rd S: foreshortens that a three dimensional
effect is created.
formaldehyde Noun A clear gas with a particular The fetal pigs were
odor that is used in the preserved in formaldehyde.
production of resins and
fertilizers. If the gas is
dissolved in water, then this
allows for the preservation
of organize specimens.
fratricide Noun Pl: fratricides The killing of someone's The killing of someone's fratricidal (Adj)
own brother. own brother.
freestanding Adjective Not connected to a wall, The freestanding sculpture
ceiling, or other type of made quite an impression
structure that is commonly on the viewer.
used for support.

Page 19

Details
fresco Noun; Noun Noun We traveled to Italy to view frescoer (N)
Verb Pl: frescoes or A painting created on a wall some of the greatest fresco frescoist (N)
(Trans) frescos or ceiling that has fresh paintings.
Verb (Transitive) plaster on it.
PT: frescoed Verb (Trans)
PP: frescoed To paint a fresco on a wall
PresP: frescoing or a ceiling.
3rd S: frescoes
Freudian Adjective Pertaining to Sigmund Freudian notions of Freudianism (N)

Freud, or is psychoanalysis remain vital.
psychoanalytical theories,
methods, or writings
geometrid Noun Pl: geometrids A moth with a thin body, Slender moths belong to the geometrid (Adj)
wide wings, and larvae that geometrid family.
move with a distinctive
looping movement.
gibberellin Noun Pl: gibberellins A fungi and plant hormone The expert gardener
that causes cells, stems, described to us the process
and leaves to grow. by which gibberelin
enhances his plant's growth.
girdle Noun; Noun Cord or belt fastened round The girdle was designed to
Verb Pl: girdles the waist to keep clothes in improve a woman's figure.
(Trans) Verb (Transitive) position; Corset
PT: girdled
PP: girdled
PresP: girdling
3rd S: girdles
gland Noun Pl: glands A group of cells or an organ The thyroid gland directs glandless (Adj)
that is responsible for the the growth hormones.
removal and excretion of
substances from the
bloodstream.
glean Verb PT: gleaned To accumulate small By rereading the text the gleaner (N)
PP: gleaned quantities of information young student was able to
PresP: gleaning gradually. glean understanding.
3rd S: gleans
glycerol Noun Glycerin. Glycerol is an ingredient in
many skin toner products.
GNP Abbreviation Gross National Product: the The Economist reports GNP
nation's profits including and debt ratios of most
foreign assets. countries regularly.
gradient Noun; Noun Noun The gradient on the steep
Adjective Pl: gradients An upward or downward entrance forced the cars to
slope. proceed in lower gears
Adjective
Sloping uniformly and
equally throughout.
grandiloquent Adjective An ostentatious or snobby The writer waxed
way to speak or write. grandiloquent to the press
about her new novel
grandiosity Noun Ostentatious, showy, and The grandiosity of the
pompous. palace made the poor
people sad and envious.


Details
gravitate Verb PT: gravitated To gradually or carefully The magician was
PP: gravitated move toward a person as if fascinating and children
PresP: gravitating done due to some external gravitated toward him
3rd S: gravitates force or attraction.
gregarious Adjective Extremely friendly and The gregarious and gregariously (Adv)
outgoing. rambunctious children were gregariousness (N)
not easy to control
gynecologist Noun The area of medicine that The gynecologist urged gynecologist (N)
focuses on women's health. annual woman's health
visits to her office
gyration Noun Pl: gyrations A movement in a circular The gyration of the rock star
pattern around a permanent began with Elvis Presley.
center.
haberdashery Noun Pl: haberdasheries The products sold by a A man's clothing store is
haberdasher or person that rarely call a haberdashery in
sells men's clothing. this century.
hadron Noun Pl: hadrons A subatomic particle that is The physicist was hadronic (Adj)
prone to strong nuclear particularly interested in the
interaction. interactions of subatomic
particles, in particular,
hadrons.
hedgehog Noun Pl: hedgehogs A type of small mammal The hedgehogs appeared
that is native to Europe, tough from a distance
Africa, and Asia that has a despite their size.
small cone shaped head and
round body with hard
bristles on the back.
hegemony Noun Authority or governing The hegemony of the U.S. in hegemonic (Adj)
influence by one person or political and economic hegemonism (N)
group over another person affairs has faded. hegemonist (N)
or group.
helium Noun An inert, colorless, and Helium balloons flew up
odorless gas that is into the sky.
nonflammable.
hemoglobin Noun A protein found in red The doctor treated the red
blood cells that is able to blood cell count in her
transport oxygen because it hemoglobin.
has iron.
hepatitis Noun The swelling of the liver Hepatitis can easily be
which causes fever, contracted through the
abdominal pain, jaundice, exchange of blood fluids.
and fragility.
herbicide Noun Pl: herbicides A chemical compound used Herbicides were used to herbicidal (Adj)
for the killing of weeds or destroy the jungles. herbicidally (Adv)
inhibition of the growth or
weeds.
hinterland Noun Pl: hinterlands An area that is isolated Wyoming lies in the
from a city or ethnic hinterland of economic
influence. involvement.
hit show Phrase A show with great The hit show found success
popularity. many seasons ago.

Page 21

Details
hominid Noun; Pl: hominids Noun In the classification of
Adjective A primate belonging to the species, hominids represent
same family as the current the family in which human
human beings. and apes are a part.
Adjective
Pertaining to hominids
hominization Noun The hypothesized Hominization is a theory
evolutionary progress of studied by evolution
human features that specialists.
separate hominids from
other primates.
homogeneous Adjective Made up of the same The homogeneous nature of homogeneously (Adv)
fundamental elements, or the community made homogeneousness (N)
being alike in nature. anyone different stand out.
hydrocarbon Noun Pl: hydrocarbons An organic chemical Hydrocarbon is a potentially hydrocarbonaceous

compound that has only harmful molecule. (Adj)
hydrogen and carbon hydrocarbonic (Adj)
atoms. hydrocarbonous (Adj)
hydrogen Noun The lightest and most Hydrogen is a key element hydrogenous (Adj)
abundant chemical element in water.
in the universe; it a
colorless and incredibly
reactive gas.
hyperthermia Noun Unusually high body The lifeguard noticed the hyperthermal (Adj)
temperature. blush skin of the winter hyperthermic (Adj)
swimmer who shivered in
the water and proceeded to
treat him for hyperthermia.
hypnotist Noun The y or vertical coordinate The hypnotist dazzles the hypnotism (N)
of a point on a graph or children with her magic hypnotise (V)
diagram. tricks. hypnotic (Adj)
hypothalamus Noun Pl: hypothalami An area located on the The hypothalamus' hypothalamic (Adj)
underside of the brain that malfunction was
controls involuntary responsible for the child low
functions. body temperature.
hysterectomy Noun Pl: hysterectomies A surgical removal of a In order to ensure that the hysterectomize
female's uterus. cancer would not spread the (transitive verb)
woman chose to have a
hysterectomy
ibuprofen Noun A pain-relieving and anti- The doctor prescribed
inflammatory drug that is ibuprofen for her pain
administered to decrease though she wanted
pain and inflammation; it is something stronger.
used in the treatment of
arthritis.
iconography Noun A series of symbol or The study of iconography iconographer (N)

pictures that are used in a enabled the art historian to iconographic (Adj)
specific area of activity and be familiar in the Biblical iconographical (Adj)
recognized by people as references.
having a specific meaning.


Details
idioglossia Noun A defect in a child's The child's idioglossia
development where a child would fade when they
replaces the different entered daycare and were
sounds for the right forced to make themselves
sounds, so that speech is understood.
only able to understood by
either the parents or people
that are close to the child.
idiosyncrasy Noun A specific way of feeling, One of her idiosyncrasies

behaving, or thinking that is was that she only slept in
usually odd or weird. black or white nightgowns.
immune Adjective Protection from catching a The dog was immune to

specific disease due to a rabies.
natural resistance to that
disease.
immunological Adjective The scientific study of the Immunological study has immunologic or
way the immune system resulted sometimes in the immunological (Adj)
functions inside the body, discovery of vaccines. immunologically (Adv)
including allergic reactions, immunologist (N)
immunity to diseases, and
tolerance off foreign tissue.
import relief Verb Verb (Transitive) Verb (Trans) Import relief brought
(Trans); PT: imported To bring something into domestic producers an
Noun PP: imported this nation from another increased chance at success
PresP: importing nation for commercial in local markets
3rd S: imports reasons.
Noun
In commerce, it is a thing
brought into this nation
from another nation for
commercial reasons.
in favor of Phrase Agree with. We were in favor of the

election of the mayoral
candidate.
in so far as Phrase To the extent that. In so far as the belief in
slavery has been eradicated
there is no longer a legal
basis in society for its
existence.
in terms of Phrase Pertaining to something. In terms of atmosphere the
restaurant is second to
none.
incandescent Adjective Heating something to a very The incandescent lighting incandescently (Adv)
high temperature so that is distracted the workers. incandescence (N)
emits light.
incipient Adjective Starting to develop or show. If ovarian cancer is caught incipience (N)
in its incipient stage it can incipiently (Adv)
be cured.
indelible Adjective Remaining forever because The wine had left an indelibility (N)
it is impossible to be indelible stain on her shirt. indelibly (Adv)
removed.
indenture Noun Pl: indentures A contract binding a The indentured servant was indentured (Adj)
person, either an apprentice forced to slave away for the indentureship (N)
or servant, to work for an family for seven years.
employer or master for a
predetermined time period.

Page 23

Details
indices Noun singular: index Alphabetic lists. The stock indices if
observed carefully would
explain long-term trends.
Indomethacin Noun A medication that is used to The doctor prescribed
decrease pain, swelling, and Indomethacin for the
fever. patient's pain.
inducement Noun Pl: inducements A thing that provides a The applicant was offered induce (transitive
stimulus or incentive to a $10,000 as an inducement verb)
person to do something. to sign on with the
company.
inexorable Adjective Not able to be stopped. There was an inexorable rise inexorability (N)
in rainfall in the area in the inexorableness (N)
past decade. inexorably (Adv)
inextricable Adjective Not possible to be freed Racism seemed to have inextricability (N)
from. inextricable links with inextricableness (N)
poverty and inextricably (Adv)
a lack of opportunity.
infield Noun Pl: infields The region of a baseball The infield of the baseball infielder (N)
field that is enclosed by a field contains bases and the
home plate and the three pitcher's mound.
other bases; known as a
baseball diamond.
iniquitous Adjective Extremely immoral, wrong, Iniquitous deeds of the iniquitously (Adv)
and painful. dictator created a brutal iniquitousness (N)
environment.
inquisitorial Adjective Looking like a formal The inquisitorial nature of inquisitorially (Adv)
inquiry. the father's questions made
the child fee suspect.
interferometer Noun Pl: interferometers A mechanical instrument An interferometer was used interferometric (Adj)
that determines wave to measure the length of interferometrically
frequency, length, or light waves from the star. (Adv)
velocity by using interferometry (N)
interference patterns.
internecine Adjective Happening within a group The internecine nature of
or other type of institution. the police state lead to
insurgency.
interpolation Noun To place something The interpolation of the interpolation (N)
unnecessarily between president's speech by the interpolative (Adj)
already existing items of translator changed its interpolator (N)
another thing. meaning.
intracellular Adjective Inside a cell or cells. Intracellular activity made intracellularly (Adv)
tracking of the infection
point difficult.
intuit Verb PT: intuited To be conscious of or The psychologist was able intuitable (Adj)
(Trans) PP: intuited realize something without to intuit the patients
PresP: intuiting learning or thinking about depression without
3rd S: intuits it. dialogue.
invertebrate Noun; Noun Noun Worms are ancient
Adjective Pl: invertebrates An animal that does not invertebrates with no spinal
have a backbone. formations.
Adjective
Not having a spinal column
or backbone.
inveterate Adjective Secured in a routine or The inveterate enemies were inveteracy (N)
habit. unable to resolve inveterately (Adv)
differences after a century. inveterateness (N)


Details
invigorate Verb PT: invigorated To give energy to a person To invigorate the saddened invigoration (N)
(Trans) PP: invigorated or a thing. community, a large festival invigorative (Adj)
PresP: invigorating was held. invigoratively (Adv)
3rd S: invigorates invigorator (N)
ion Noun Pl: ions An atom that has become Electrically charged ions
electrically charged because moved between two cells.
it either lost or gained
electrons.
iridium Noun A silver-white metallic and Iridium is a white metal
easily broken chemical often found with platinum
element; it creates hard rust-but not used in jewelry.
resistant alloys used in a
number or different
objects.
isotope Noun Pl: isotopes Having the same atomic The uranium isotope was isotopic (Adj)
number as the element but highly unstable.
differing in the number of
neutrons.
jasper Noun Pl: jaspers A contaminated form of the She always wore a jasper jaspery (Adj)
gemstone chalcedony; it is necklace which her mother
red in color due to the had given her.
impurities that is contains.
juxtapose Verb PT: juxtaposed To place things side by The concert juxtaposed juxtaposition (N)
(Trans) PP: juxtaposed side. early Beethoven works and juxtapositional (Adj)
PresP: juxtaposing later ones.
3rd S: juxtaposes
kelp Noun Pl: kelps Seaweed that is Kelp is used in some
characterized by its thick Japanese cooking.
brown fronds.
Keynesian Adjective A major school of economic Keynesian economics Keynesianism (N)
theory developed by promotes the idea of
Keynes. government spending to
create jobs and boost the
economy.
kinetic Adjective Pertaining to, caused by, or Kinetic energy drives kinetically (Adv)
making motion. motion.
lactic Adjective Pertaining to or coming Lactic acid caused soreness
from milk. in the runner's muscles.
laissez-faire Noun The theory that states that Laissez-faire capitalism has
capitalism the best way to operate the served to create growth but
economy is to not regulate increased poverty.
private industry or the
market.
laurel Noun; Noun Noun Laurel wreaths are
Verb Pl: laurels A tree or shrub whose representative of the
(Trans) Verb (Transitive) berries, leaves, or aroma classical period.
PT: laureled or look like those of the laurel.
laurelled Verb (Trans)
PP: laureled or To crown a person with a
laurelled laurel as a sign or honor.
PresP: laureling or
laurelling
3rd S: laurels

Page 25

Details
leery Adjective comparative tense: Being suspicious of a The children were told to be leeriness (N)
leerier person or thing. leery of strangers.
superlative tense:
leeriest
lepidoptera Noun A butterfly or moth. With the classifications of lepidopteran
various living things, (adjective, noun)
Lepidoptera represents the lepidopterist (N)
order of insects in which lepidopterous (Adj)
butterflies lie.
leprosy Noun Pl: leprosies A tropical disease that Leprosy plagues many leprotic (Adj)
causes tissue change and impoverished nations.
affects the skin and nerves.
leucine Noun An essential amino acid Leucine was one of the

that makes up proteins. essential amino acids
studied by the scientist.
leukemia Noun Pl: leukemias A blood cancer in which Children infected with leukemic
there is an overproduction leukemia, struggle to beat (adjective, noun)
of white blood cells. the disease.
lexicographer Noun The writer or editor of The lexicographer wrote lexicography (N)
dictionaries. definitions after definitions
with a great passion.
limestone Noun A rock made by the shells Limestone was used to
and skeletons of marine make many of the houses in
organisms and usually used the town.
in construction.
linguist Noun Pl: linguists A person who speaks The linguist pursued the
different languages. study of German
intensively.
linguistics Noun The study of languages. The study of linguistics linguistician (N)
enabled the student to
develop and understanding
of the language.
lionize Verb PT: lionized To treat a person as if he or The artist was lionized for lionization (N)
(Trans) PP: lionized she is a celebrity or to make his achievements. lionizer (N)
PresP: lionizing a person into a celebrity.
3rd S: lionizes
lipid Noun Pl: lipids A group of organic Lipids represent an lipidic (Adj)
compounds that is made up essential part of cells.
of fats and oils, and is part
of the fundamental
components of living cells.
lipoprotein Noun Pl: lipoproteins A protein carrying lipid Lipoproteins distribute
found in the bloodstream. essential lipids and proteins
throughout the body.
luminescence Noun The release of light without The luminescence of the sun luminescent (Adj)
the use of heat. stunned primitive man.
lush Adjective 1. Making a lot of strong 1. plant The lush vegetation lushly (Adv)
plush young growth. filled the woods in the lushness (N)
2. Tasting juicy, rich and summer. 2. luxurious The
sweet. lush apartment's
furnishings were surprising
especially considering her
poor financial situation.


Details
lymph Noun A body fluid that contains Lymph tissues protect
white blood cells; it is against infection.
drained from tissue spaces
by the lymphatic system.
lymphatic Adjective; Adjective The lymphatic system lymphatically (Adv)

Noun Pertaining to lymph or the transports materials good
lymph system. and bad throughout the
Noun body.
A vessel that moves or has
lymph.
lymphocyte Noun Pl: lymphocytes A type of white blood cell Lymphocytes are part of the lymphocytic (Adj)
that creates antibodies to immune defense system and
fight infection and fight off disease.
cancerous cells in the body.
lysis Noun Pl: lyses Cell death due to the Lysis resulted in the loss of
disruption of the cell cells.
membrane.
macaque Noun A strong, short-tailed
monkey that lives in the
rocky and wooded places of
Asia and northern Africa.
macrophage Noun Pl: macrophages A large cell that removes macrophagic (Adj)
waste products, dangerous
microorganisms, and
foreign material from the
blood; the cell is present in
blood, lymph, and
connective tissues.
maim Verb PT: maimed To inflict a serious and That poor fellow was
(Trans) PP: maimed enduring would on a person maimed by a land mine.
PresP: maiming or an animal.
3rd S: maims
make allowances Phrase Allocate money or resource Making allowances for
for special purposes. young mothers is required
by corporations.
malady Noun Pl: maladies A mental or physical The malady was diagnosed
disease or illness.. as rheumatoid arthritis.
mammalian Adjective A class of vertebrate Mammalian animals feed

animals that are warm- their young through milk
blooded. producing organs.
marrow Noun Pl: marrows Soft red or yellow fatty Noun: 1. Red marrow is the
tissue that is found in the site of blood cell
central hollow part of the production. Bone marrow is
bone. added to pet products for
dental health.
mason Noun; Noun Noun Stone masons built houses
Verb Pl: masons A person that creates thing in Ancient Greece that still
(Trans) Verb (Transitive) from stone, or who stand today.
PT: masoned prepares stones for the use
PP: masoned of builders.
PresP: masoning Verb (Trans)
3rd S: masons To construct or reinforce
something with the use of
stone.

Page 27

Details
matrix Noun Pl: matrices or A substance that has things The matrix created by
matrixes embedded in it. masses of tissue makes it
complex to perform heart
surgery.
measly Adjective An incredibly small and The bush yielded a measly
inadequate amount. amount of the red berries.
meek Adjective Expression a mild or quiet The meek child lowered his meekly (Adv)
nature. eyes and would not meekness (N)
respond.
megalith Noun Pl: megaliths A very large stone that is A megalith of granite megalithic (Adj)
able to stand upright or is signaled the opening of a
part of a prehistoric sacred cave.
structure.
membrane Noun Pl: membranes A flexible and thing layer of The membrane of the membranaceous (Adj)
tissue that connects, covers, placenta is thin and porous membranal (Adj)
lines, or separates different requiring mothers to eat to
organs in an animal or protect properly their
plant. unborn children.
metabolize Verb (Trans PT: metabolized To undergo metabolism, or In order to metabolize the metabolizable (Adj)
and Intrans) PP: metabolized to subject a person to the vitamins patients must
PresP: metabolizing biochemical process of drink much water.
3rd S: metabolizes metabolism.
metamorphose Verb PT: metamorphosed To make a person or thing The butterfly
PP: metamorphosed undergo or to undergo a metamorphoses from a
PresP: total or noticeable change fuzzy caterpillar.
metamorphosing in structure, substance, or
3rd S: physical form.
metamorphoses
meteorite Noun Pl: meteorites A rock from outer space Some speculate a giant
that has reached Earth. meteorite hit the earth
ending the dinosaur period.
meteorologist Noun Pl: meteorologists A person who studies the Meteorologists study
science of weather, weather patterns.
meteorology.
meteorology Noun The scientific study of Meteorology is concerned meteorological (Adj)
weather. with weather and climate meteorologically (Adv)
patterns in this age of global
warming.
milieu Noun The setting or environment The milieu of Berlin after
that a person lives in and is World War II was physically
influenced by. and emotionally depressing.
mite Noun Pl: mites An incredibly small eight- The housewife checked the
legged creature that is children for mites when
related to spiders and ticks. they returned from the
woods.
mitochondria Noun singular tense: A rod-shaped or small Mitochondria aid the cell in
mitochondrion round body that is found in the creation of energy from
the cytoplasm of almost all food.
cells and it makes enzymes
for the making of energy
from food.
molten Adjective Transformed into a liquid Molten lava flowed from the
by the use of heat. active volcano.


Details
monochrome Adjective; Noun: Pl: Adjective The monochrome clothing monochromic (Adj)
Noun monochromes Showing, using, or design was clearly in monochromist (N)
photographed in only one fashion this season though
shade of color. many resisted the lack of
Noun color.
A black and white
photograph or
transparency.
morphine Noun A pain-relieving drug that The doctor treated the
is made dorm opium. patient's chronic pain with
morphine, though he
warned that the patient
would develop an addiction.
morphogenetic Adjective The development of an Morphogenetic creation is morphogenesis (N)

organism from embryo into one of the miracles of morphogenetically
an adult. Biology (Adv)
morphogenic (Adj)
morphological Adjective The structure and shape of The morphological structure
an organism. of creatures is important in
biological research.
mosque Noun Pl: mosques A place of worship for From the mosque the call
Muslims. for prayer sings out five
times a day.
Mouflon Noun Pl: mouflons A wild sheep, reddish- -
brown in color, that is part
of the Sardinian and
Corsican breed of sheep.
mutation Noun Pl: mutations A change in a gene or The fly was a result of a mutational (Adj)
chromosome due to chance strange mutation. mutationally (Adv)
that can be inherited.
mythological Adjective Pertaining to, The mystical stories of mythologically (Adv)

representative of, or Greek gods and goddesses
appearing in myth. still influence current
thought and literature.
nadir Noun Pl: nadirs The lowest possible point. He reached a nadir of
sadness when his child died
in an accident .
narcissistic Adjective Extreme selfishness and The narcissistic personality
self admiration. of most actors made true
friendship impossible.
natal Adjective Pertaining to birth or to the The prenatal care given to

time and location of a birth. mothers decreases rates of
birth defects.
NATO (North Noun An international military NATO's alliance may be
Atlantic Treaty alliance that was decreasing in power.
Organization) established in 1949 to
encourage mutual defense
and collective security.
neologism Noun Pl: neologisms A new word, phrase or The variety of neologisms is neologist (N)
meaning. astounding. nologistic (Adj)
neologistically (Adv)

Page 29

Details
neo-orthodoxy Noun An early 20th century That church follows the neoorthodo (Adj)
Protestant movement that teachings of Karl Barth and
places emphasis on ethics Neo-Orthodoxy.
and the teaching of the
Bible; the movement is
associated with the
theology of Karl Barth.
Neurogenesis Noun The creation and growth of Neurogenesis describes the neurogenetic (Adj)
cells of the nervous system. process of the creation of neurogenetically (Adv)
nerve cells.
neuron Noun Pl: neurons A nerve cell made up of a Neurons are one of the neuronal (Adj)
cell body, axon, and particles in the nucleus of neuronally
dendrites that sends nerve the atoms. (neuronally)
impulses to other cells; it is
the fundamental unit of the
nervous system.
neutrino Noun Pl: neutrino An stable elementary Subatomic particles like

neutral particle with a zero neutrinos have almost no
rest mass that belongs to mass.
the lepton family.
neutron star Noun Pl: neutron stars A star made up of a very The neutron star will burn
thick and condensed mass out soon.
of neutrons, the piece of a
star that has buckled under
its own gravity.
nexus Noun Pl: nexus or nexuses A link that associates or Dallas/Ft. Worth is the
connects people or things nexus for American Airlines
together. service to the Southwestern
parts of the U.S.
nitric Adjective Produced from or having Nitric acid sometimes is
nitrogen. used in explosives.
nitrogen Noun A nonmetallic, odorless, Nitrogen is the largest nitrogenous (Adj)
colorless gaseous element component of the earth's
that makes up four fifths of atmosphere.
the Earth's atmosphere.
nova Noun Pl: novas or novae A star that unexpectedly The nova's rapid increase in
increases its brightness and brightness was captured in
then fades to its original satellite pictures.
brightness over a short
period of time.
Novocain Noun A local anesthetic used in Dentists often use Novocain
medicine and dentistry that to numb the gums of their
is a white or colorless patients.
crystalline ester.
nucleon Noun A proton or neutron located Nucleons made up the
within a nucleus. nucleus of an atom.
nucleotide Noun The fundamental units of The scientists worked
nucleic acids. toward an understanding of
the nucleotides in RNA.


Details
nucleus Noun Pl: nuclei or 1. A central or most The nucleus of the atoms
nucleuses important element that has holds protons and neutrons.
others gathered or
constructed around it.
2. The positively charged
middle region of an atom,
made up of protons and
neutrons, and contains
most of the mass of the
atom.
nylon Noun Pl: nylons Noun Nylon is used to make many

A hard man-made material fabrics.
that is used in
manufactured products.
Noun (Plural)
Women's stocking made up
of the man-made fiber
nylon.
obeisance Noun Pl: obeisances A gesture or sign The obeisance of troops to

symbolizing respect or their leaders sometimes
admiration. seems extreme and
mindless.
obsidian Noun Pl: obsidians A jet-black volcanic glass The necklace was made with
used by early civilizations obsidian.
for making tools and
ceremonial objects; it is
chemically similar to
granite.
obsolescence Noun The condition becoming The obsolescence of the
obsolete because it is being buildings' design made it
replaced by something that outdated before completion.
is new.
ocher Noun A brownish-yellow color. The ocher color of the ocher (Adj)
Moroccan influenced home ocherous (Adj)
created an orange yellow ochery (Adj)
glow.
oligosaccharide Noun Pl: oligosaccharides A type of carbohydrate that The scientist studied the
is made up of effects of oligosaccharides
monosaccharides that are on the body versus other
linked together. carbohydrates.
on pain of death Phrase On pain of death the soldier
would not reveal his
comrade's location.
organelle Noun Pl: organelles A specialized piece of a cell The students created
that has a specific function. diagram and specified the
specialized functions of all
the organelles with the cell.
orthogenetic Noun Pl: orthogeneses An obsolete theory of The shape of your children's orthogenetic (Adj)
evolution that evolution can jaws may be orthogenetic in orthogenetically (Adv)
proceed due to internal its nature.
genetic reasons, as opposed
to external forces

Page 31

Details
osprey Noun Pl: ospreys or A hawk, found worldwide, The osprey is a bird native
osprey that it characterized by to Yellowstone National
having long wings, a white Park.
head with a dark stripe
around the eyes, and it eats
fish.
outmoded Adjective Not widely used or no The typewriter has become
longer in fashion. outmoded as most work is
done on keyboards.
overlord Noun Pl: overlords A principal rule that as The overlord of the dance overlordship (N)
overall power over a region. was honored by the other
dancers.
oxide Noun Pl: oxides A combined that contains Rust on the tools was a
oxygen. result of iron oxide.
pagination Noun The chronological numbers Pagination of the Bible was
assigned to pages in a done in Roman numerals.
written document.
paleoclimatologist Noun A person that studies A Paleocimatologist uses
prehistoric climates using fossils to attempt
evidence preserved in understanding of ancient
fossils, glaciers, and rocks. weather patterns.
Paleolithic Noun The era of the Stone Age The Paleolithic period of
where the earliest humans human development saw
began to make tools. the use of simple tools.
paleontologist Noun A person who studies life in A Wyoming paleontologist paleontology (N)
prehistoric times with the found a complete dinosaur
use of evidence obtained skeleton.
from fossils.
panacea Noun Pl: panaceas A hypothetical cure for all A good meal is a panacea panacean (Adj)
problems or illnesses. for a hungry stomach and
an disturbed spirit.
parallax Noun An obvious change in the The parallax of the wild parallactic (Adj)
position of an object when horses seemed to change as parallactically (Adv)
the person changes his the rider mounted another
position. hill.
parapsychology Noun The study of mental The new age philosopher parapsychologic (Adj)
phenomena that is not able used an unproven method parapsychologist (N)
to be explained. of parapsychology to
control the crowd.
pare Verb PT: pared To thinly and neatly get rid The old mother pared the
(Trans) PP: pared of the outermost layer or apples for dessert with a
PresP: paring skin of a fruit or vegetable. small knife.
3rd S: pares
passbook Noun Pl: passbooks A book where money The passbook allowed
transactions are recorded. twenty free admissions to
the museum.
pathogenic Adjective Capable of causing disease. The pathogenic nature of
the bacteria created fever
and long term malaise.
pecuniary Adjective Pertaining to or involving Pertaining to or involving pecuniarily (Adv)
money. money.
pedagogical Noun The profession or science A pedagogical approach to pedagogic (Adj)
of teaching. training made the pedagogical (Adj)
employees feel they were pedagogically (Adv)
back in school.


Details
penitentiary Noun; Noun Noun The criminal was sentenced
Adjective Pl: penitentiaries A person who has been to ten years in the federal
found guilty of a serious penitentiary.
crime.
Adjective
Pertaining to penance.
penny-pinch Verb To be very stingy or The penny-pinching ways of

extremely careful with his the old miser were written
or her money. of in A Christmas Carol.
peptide Noun Pl: peptides A compound with amino Peptide bonds at the cellular peptidic (Adj)
acids that have bonds level are the primary
between the carboxyl and linkages in proteins.
amino groups.
perfunctory Adjective Done routinely without Her perfunctory reply to the perfunctorily (Adv)
attention, thought, or complex question left the perfunctoriness (N)
legitimate feeling. young student dismayed.
periwinkle Noun; Noun The blue of her eye was the

Adjective A trailing evergreen plant, color of periwinkle
native to Europe and Asia, blossoms.
with dark green glossy
leaves and white or blue
flowers.
Adjective
Having a pale bluish purple
color.
pernicious Adjective Tending to cause serious The pernicious gossip in the perniciously (Adv)
harm, damage, or death. small town poisoned the perrniciousness (N)
very air of the village.
phagocytosis Noun The swallowing up and Phagocytosis is a process phagocytotic (Adj)
eating of a foreign particles that could be used the
by phagocytic cells. body's fight against cancer
cells.
phonograph Noun Pl: phonographs A machine that plays The old fashioned
records. phonograph play recordings
in the antique store.
phosphate Noun Pl: phosphates A salt or ester derived from Phosphate was once used to phosphatic (Adj)
the reaction of phosphoric affect a glow in the
acid with either a metal, darkness.
alcohol, or radical of
phosphoric acid.
photon Noun Pl: photons A quantum of any form of The study of photons has photonic (Adj)
electromagnetic radiation influenced the
that has both particle and understanding of the nature
wave like properties. of light.
photosynthesis Noun The production of Photosynthesis is the photosynthetic (Adj)

carbohydrates by green process through which the photosynthetically
plants using the sun and sunflowers fed their growth. (Adv)
the plant's chlorophyll.
pituitary Adjective Pertaining to or made by The pituitary gland seemed
the pituitary gland. to control mood swings in
women.
plasma Noun Pl: plasmas A translucent fluid yellow Blood banks are necessary plasmatic (Adj)
in color that is a component in disasters for buying and
of human milk, blood, or selling human plasma.
lymph.

Page 33

Details
pleiotropic Adjective One single gene controls The pleiotropic property of
two or more apparently certain genes confounded
unrelated features of the scientists for decades.
same organism.
Pleistocene Noun Pertaining to or used in the During the Pleistocene
description of the period great ice sheets
Quaternary Period covered the earth.
in the Cenozoic Era.
plumb Noun; Noun Noun To plumb the depths of the
Adverb; Pl: plumbs A lead weight that is Arctic Ocean was the
Adjective; Verb (Transitive) attached to a line and is explorers dream.
Verb PT: plumbed used to determine the
(Trans) PP: plumbed depth of water.
PresP: plumbing Adverb
3rd S: plumbs Precisely or exactly.
Adjective
In a precise vertical
alignment.
Verb (Trans)
To understand something
to the fullest degree.
plummet Verb Verb (Intransitive) Verb (Intransitive) The skydiver plummeted to

(Intrans); PT: plummeted To drop steeply and in a the earth when his chute
Noun PP: plummeted sudden downward motion. failed to open.
PresP: plummeting Noun
3rd S: plummets A sudden decrease in
Noun quantity or worth.
Pl: plummets
plutonium Noun A radioactive metallic Plutonium is the rare
element that is silver in mineral added to nuclear
color and is found in material to create a third
uranium ores. nuclear device.
plywood Noun A construction material Plywood is a bestseller at
made by the gluing of Home Depot replacing
several layers of wood on expensive real woods for
top of each other. house framing.
poacher Noun Pl: poachers A person that trespasses on The elephant poacher
another person's property illegally entered the park to
and practices illegal kill two elephants
hunting or fishing. unbeknownst to authority.
polarity Noun Pl: polarities A situation in which people The liberal and conservative
or things have extreme members represented a
differences. broad polarity of issues that
could not be bridged.
polyarchy Noun A political system in which Four men ruled as equals in

more than one leaders the science fiction story of a
share the ruling power. polyarchy.
polymorph Noun Pl: polymorphs An organism, either a plant The art world polymorphs polymorphic (Adj)
or animal, that takes many and evolves constantly to polymorphism (N)
different shapes. meet new social concepts.
portend Verb PT: portended To be an omen of The dark prophesy portends

(Trans) PP: portended something that will happen. the beginnings of the
PresP: portending downfall of nations.
3rd S: portends


Details
post structuralism Noun An intellectual movement Post structuralism reflects
stemming from ideas developed by
structuralism but sociologists of the 20th
questioning the Century.
foundations upon which the
structures of society,
language, and norms have
been developed.
precipitously Adverb 1. Completed or acted on Crime has precipitously
too quickly and in a rash risen in rural communities.
manner.
2. Extremely steep and high.
predicament Noun Pl: predicaments A disagreeable, hard, or The parents ugly divorce
awkward situation in which and consistent fighting put
there is no easy way out. the children in a rough
predicament.
preponderance Noun The majority. There is a preponderance of
research that suggests
obesity is caused by a lack
of exercise.
pressboard Noun Pl: pressboards A heavy varnished Home Depot sells
composition board. pressboard made of
compressed scraps of other
lumbers.
probate Noun: Noun Noun Lawyers must analyze the
Verb Pl: probates The legal or official proof of estate before granting
(Trans) Verb (Transitive) authenticity of a will. probate.
PT: probated Verb (Trans)
PP: probated To certify legally that a will
PresP: probating is authentic.
3rd S: probates
profitability Noun Generating a financial The profitability of the profitableness (N)

profit. restaurant declined as profitably (Adv)
volume decreased.
prokaryotic Noun An organism that does not The prokaryotic organisms prokaryotic (Adj)
have a nucleus. like bacteria lack a cellular
nucleus.
promulgate Verb PT: promulgated To official declare or The minister would promulgation (N)
(Trans) PP: promulgated proclaim something. promulgate the gospel in promulgator (N)
PresP: promulgating the church every Sunday.
3rd S: promulgates
propitious Adjective Encouraging and likely to The propitious moment propitiously (Adv)
bring success. indicated that all parties propitiousness (N)
would agree and the venture
would go through.
propound Verb PT: propounded Put something forward for He propounds his idea on propounder (N)
(Trans) PP: propounded consideration or solution. social reform throughout
PresP: propounding the college campuses.
3rd S: propounds
prosaic Adjective lacking features that are The prosaic conversation prosaically (Adv)
either interesting or between the couple bored prosaicness (N)
imaginative. them.

Page 35

Details
prostaglandin Noun Pl: prostaglandins A mammalian hormone that As a result of trauma, the
controls muscle young man body increased
contraction, body its production of the
temperature, inflammation, prostaglandin hormone.
and blood pressure.
prostatectomy Noun Pl: prostatectomies The surgical removal of a Prostate cancer forced the
piece or the entire prostate man to have a
gland. prostatectomy.
protg Noun Pl: protgs A young person who id The famous artist's protg
trained by a more mastered certain elements
experienced and usually of the painters style, but
older person. still the works were not
quite the same.
protein Noun Pl: proteins A complex natural Protein found in beef, proteinaceous (Adj)
compound that is made up chicken, fish and nuts is proteinic (Adj)
of amino acids that are part of a healthy diet. proteinous (Adj)
linked together; it is an
essential component of all
living cells and viruses.
protocol Noun; Noun Noun The dress protocol at the

Verb Pl: protocols The formal rules of benefit party was black tie.
Verb appropriate or proper
PT: protocoled behavior.
PP: protocoled Verb (Trans & Intrans)
PresP: protocoling To issue or put together a
3rd S: protocols protocol.
proton Noun Pl: protons A fundamental elementary The atom is made up of protonic (Adj)
particle in all atomic nuclei positively charged protons, protonically (Adv)
that has a positive charge. negatively charged electrons
and neutral neutrons.
protoplasm Noun The colorless liquid found In Biology class the students protoplasmic (Adj)
in a living cell; it is made up observed the clear
of proteins, fats, and other protoplasm under
reorganize substances. microscopes.
provenance Noun The location of origin of The provenance of the

something. carpet was said to be
Uzbekistan.
prowl Verb; Verb Verb (Trans & Intrans) The wolf prowled the field.
Noun PT: prowled To wander around an area
PP: prowled in a secretive way in search
PresP: prowling of food or prey.
3rd S: prowls Noun
The acting of wandering
around an area in a
secretive way to search for
food or prey.
prudery Noun Pl: prudes A person who is easily Her prudery amongst close prudery (N)
offended by sexual content. friends was annoying. prudishness (N)
prudish (Adj)
prudishly (Adv)
pseudonym Noun Pl: pseudonyms A false name, usually used Many writers adopt pseudonymity (N)
by an author when he wants pseudonyms to prevent the pseudonymous (Adj)
to conceal his true identity. revealing of their real
names.


Details
pseudoscience Noun A method or theory thought The social sciences are pseudoscientific (Adj)
to be scientific when in considered by some to be pseudoscientist (N)
reality it is not. pseudoscience.
psychoactive Adjective Describing drugs or The medication can have
medication that affect a psychoactive side effects.
person's mood or behavior.
psychopath Noun Pl: psychopaths An offensive term used to The grotesque nature of the adjective
describe a person that has a murders indicated that they (psychopathic)
personality disorder in were committed by a psychopatically (Adv)
which the person acts in an psychopath.
aggressive, violent, or
antisocial behavior.
psychosis Noun Pl: psychoses A psychiatric disorder in Unable to leave his house
which there is a loss of for fear of the world, he
contact with the real world. suffered from psychosis.
psychotherapy Noun The psychological Many who engage in psychotherapeutic
treatment of mental psychotherapy have found (Adj)
disorders. results to be encouraging. psychotherapeutically
(Adv)
psychotherapist (N)
pterosaur Noun Pl: pterosaurs An extinct reptile of the Pterosaurs which once flew
Triassic, Jurassic, and over this valley are now
Cretaceous that is extinct.
characterized by having
membranous wings that
allowed it to fly.
pulsar Noun Pl: pulsars A small intense star that The pulsar sent out radio
gives off forceful bursts of waves which were detected
visible radiation, radio by astronomers.
waves, and X-rays.
punitive Adjective Pertaining to, performed as, The city took punitive punitively (Adv)
or imposed as a action against those with punitiveness (N)
punishment. unpaid parking tickets.
pupation Verb PT: pupated To mature into a pupa from The stage of pupation in pupation (N)
(Intrans) PP: pupated a larva. insects is one of the most
PresP: pupating fascinating to study.
3rd S: pupates
Quaker Noun Pl: Quakers A Christian denomination Quakers founded this
that is a member of the college.
Society of Friends; the
denomination rejects
formal sacraments, creed,
and ministry and is
committed to the peaceful
resolution of conflicts.
quanta Noun The smallest distinct The physicist spend years

quantity of a physical studying tiny quantas of
feature. energy.
quasar Noun Pl: quasars A small object in space that The quasar from satellite
releases large amounts of pictures would be seen to
energy. give off a great light.
quintessential Adjective The most perfect or pure The vehicle was a
example or quintessential
embodiment of something. example of what a car can
be.

Page 37

Details
rabble Noun An unruly or noisy group of His speech caused a rabble
people. within
the auditorium.
radiometric Noun Noun An instrument used in the Radiometric devices are radiometric (Adj)
Adverb; Pl: radiometers detection and measurement used in warfare to radiometrically(Adv)
Adjective of radiant energy. determine enemy position. radiometry (N)
radon Noun A gaseous radioactive The radon in rock and soil

element, used in accounts for most of normal
radiotherapy, that is background radiation. In
created when radium heavier concentrations,
decays. however, sometimes
detected inside homes, it is
thought to pose a risk of
cancer. Radon was detected
at a site used to test atomic
weapons.
ragtime Noun A style of music that is The ragtime pianist played

characterized by having nightly at a New Orleans
distinct syncopated right- club.
hand rhythms placed
against a regularly accented
left-hand beat.
rancher Noun A person who either owns Ranchers are especially busy
or manages a ranch. in the spring when new
calves are born.
rationale Noun The reasons or principles The rationale behind a new
behind a specific statement immigration policy was
or course of action. explained by the politician.
ravenous Adjective Tremendously hungry. The young man was ravenously (Adv)
ravenous after being lost in ravenousness (N)
the desert without supplies.
rebut Verb PT: rebutted To refute or deny the truth The attorney attempted to rebuttable (Adj)
PP: rebutted behind something. rebut the argument put rebuttal (N)
PresP: rebutting forward by the prosecution.
3rd S: rebuts
reclamation Noun The conversion of land A reclamation of forest land
from being unusable to was declared by the
being suitable for farming government after long term
or other uses. use by the timber industry.
recoup Verb To make up for something In order to recoup losses recoupable (Adj)
lost. To regain. the investor decided to put recoupment (N)
his money only in
conservative stocks.
recur Verb To occur repeatedly or once The drought continued to
(Intrans) again. recur for a period of ten
years destroying
agricultural production.
referendum Noun Pl: referendum A vote by the entire A referendum was called on
population of the electorate the question of the
on a specific question or governor's impeachment.
questions.
regressive Adjective Returning to an earlier, less Regressive development is
developed way of acting. often seen in young children
after an additional child is
born.


Details
rehash Noun; Noun Verb (Trans) The two friends continued
Verb Pl: rehashes To repeat and reuse to rehash old memories long
(Trans) Verb (Transitive) something by making only a into the night.
PT: rehashed couple of small changes
PP: rehashed without actually
PresP: rehashing introducing anything new.
3rd S: rehashes Noun
An annoying reuse of old
ideas.
relinquish Verb PT: relinquished To give up or cede The man relinquished relinquisher (N)
(Trans) PP: relinquished something. possession of his home reliquishment (N)
PresP: relinquishing after it was sold.
3rd S: relinquishes
REM Noun Rapid Eye Jerky movements of the REM movements were
Movement eyeball while one is asleep detected in the subject after
indicative of dreaming. he was deeply asleep.
rendition Noun Noun Pl: renditions A new version or The rendition of the song
interpretation of literature was not as memorable as
or art. the original version.
repertoire Noun Pl: repertoires A collection of artistic A repertoire of songs from
material. the sixties was played by
the band.
repository Noun Pl: repositories 1. A container used for The book repository was the
storage. site of the Kennedy
2. A person who is assassination.
extremely knowledgeable.
repudiation Noun Pl: repudiations The act of rejecting The repudiation of guilt was repudiationist (N)
something. not accepted and the case
was set for trial.
respire Verb PT: respired To breathe. To respire easily the lungs
PP: respired must be healthy and the air
PresP: respiring clean.
3rd S: respires
restitution Noun 1. Returning something Restitution was required for restitutive (Adj)
2. Returning to original the crime of defrauding restitutory (Adj)
condition. stockholders
retaliation Noun To hurt someone in Retaliation for rape was retaliation (N)
response for what he or she once taken in gold. retaliative (Adj)
has done. retaliatory (Adj)
rhetoric Noun 1. Persuasive speech or Political rhetoric filled the
writing. television airways during
2. Complex language that the presidential campaign.
sounds pretentious.
3. Skill with language.
4. Study of writing or
speaking effectively.
5. Fine-sounding but
insincere or empty
language.
rheumatoid Adjective Relating to or affected with Rheumatoid arthritis is a rheumatoidally(Adv)

rheumatism. debilitating disease.
rhinoceros Noun Pl: rhinoceroses or Massive horned mammal The horn of the rhinoceros rhinocerotic (Adj)
rhinoceros or with a thick skin and one or is said to contain an
rhinoceri two horns on its snout. aphrodisiac.

Page 39

Details
rhinovirus Noun Pl: rhinoviruses Virus that causes colds. Rhinovirus spread quickly
through the school district.
rhythmical Adjective With a regularly recurring The rhythmical beating of rhythmically (Adv)
pattern or beat. the drum called the villagers rhythmicity (N)
to meet.
rough-hewn Adjective Cut or shaped roughly and Rough-hewn logs were used
unsmoothed, crudely made. to create a rustic exterior on
the cabin.
sacralization Noun Pl: sacraments In Christianity, a rite to Sacralization ceremonies are
bring grace to those part of the daily mass in the
participating in or receiving Catholic church.
it.
salable Adjective Suitable for selling. Salable items were placed salability (N)
on tables at the garage sale. salableness (N)
salably (Adv)
salience Noun 1. The quality of being The salience of the new
particularly important. ambassador contributed to
2. A particularly important his importance.
or striking feature.
sanitarium Noun Pl: sanitariums or A medical facility where The young woman spent
sanitaria people affected by long- two years in a sanitarium
term illnesses can receive recovering from mental
treatment or recuperate. health issues.
schistosomiasis Noun A disease caused by blood Schistosomias is carried by
infection with a parasitic bat dung and spelunkers
flatworm (schistosome). can be infected.
scintillate Verb PT: scintillated 1. To give off or reflect light Glitter makeup helps young scintillant (Adj)
PP: scintillated in sparks or flashes. women look scintillating in
PresP: scintillating 2. To be dazzlingly lively, the night light.
3rd S: scintillates clever, or witty.
scour Verb; Verb To clean or brighten The dishwasher had to scourer (N)
Noun PT: scoured something by rubbing it scour burnt pots for hours
PP: scoured with an abrasive substance to make them clean.
PresP: scouring or material.
3rd S: scours
Noun
Pl: scours
scrupulous Adjective 1. Having careful regard for The executive insisted his scrupulosity (N)
what is morally right. employees engage in scrupulousness (N)
2. Rigorously precise and scrupulous ethical behavior. scrupulously (Adv)
exact.
scurrilous Adjective 1. Containing abusive Scurrilous and offensive scurrilously (Adv)
language or defamatory language is often included scurrilousness (N)
allegations. in rap lyrics.
2. Using or containing
course, vulgar, or obscene
language.
3. Behaving in ways thought
to be evil or immoral.
seance Noun Pl: seances A meeting at which a The fortune teller held a
spiritualist attempts to sance to bring back the
communicate with the dead. spirits of dead relatives.
secretion Noun Pl: secretions A substance formed and Secretions from the flowers secretionary (Adj)
discharged by a cell, tissue, caused a rash on the
gland, or organ. gardener's hand.


Details
seismic Adjective 1. Relating to or caused by Seismic tremors under the seismically (Adv)
an earthquake. fault line indicated an
2. Extremely large or great. earthquake was possible.
seismologist Noun One who engages in the Seismologists study

scientific study of earthquake patterns across
earthquakes. the world.
semiconductor Noun Pl: semiconductors A solid that has electrical Semiconductors are used for semiconducting (Adj)
conductivity between that research in aerospace semicodutive (Adj)
of a conductor and an engineering. semiconduction (N)
insulator. semiconductivity (N)
seminal Adjective Highly original and A seminal book on the new seminality (N)
influential. China attracted many
academics and much
acclaim.
semiotic Adjective Relating to signs or The semiotic writing of
symbols, especially in early Egyptians is called
speech or writing. hieroglyphics.
sentient Adjective 1. Capable of feeling and Though the priest was sentiently (Adv)
perception. highly spiritual he was a
2. Capable of responding sentient man capable of
with feeling. warmth and understanding.
sentinel Noun; Noun A sentry, somebody who is A sentinel guarded the
Verb Pl: sentinels assigned the duty of camp at night maintaining a
(Trans) Verb (Transitive) keeping guard. watch for enemy activity.
PT: sentineled
PP: sentineled
PresP: sentineling
3rd S: sentinels
Seoul Noun The capital city of South The city of Seoul lies close
Korea. to the North Korean border.
sermonize Verb PT: sermonized Lecture about behavior. The minister sermonized sermonizer (N)
PP: sermonized about lessons from the
PresP: sermonizing Bible.
3rd S: sermonizes
serotonin Noun Neurotransmitter chemical. A high level of serotonin is
usually found in happy
people.
sickle Noun; Noun A tool used for cutting Ancient farmers used the
Verb; Pl: sickles grass usually during curved sickle to harvest
Adjective Verb farming. grains.
PT: sickled
PP: sickled
PresP: sickling
3rd S: sickles
sidestep Verb Verb (Transitive) Step aside. In order to sidestep the sidesteppern (N)
PT: sidestepped mess created by the sheep
PP: sidestepped the farmer went around
PresP: sidestepping their pasture.
3rd S: sidesteps
Noun
Pl: sidesteps

Page 41

Details
siege Noun; Noun Military operation in which The siege of the city was
Verb Pl: sieges they surround a place to successful and it fell after a
(Trans) Verb (Transitive) force surrender. month.
PT: seiged
PP: sieged
PresP: sieging
3rd S: sieges
silicone Noun Silicon-based compound Silicone implants are used
to maximize breast size in
women.
sinusitis Noun Inflammation of sinus. Sinusitis affected the
patient's ability to breathe.
smallpox Noun A viral disease that is Smallpox was one of the

highly contagious which is European diseases that
marked by high fever and wiped out millions of native
the formation of welts. Americans.
smite Verb PT: smote 1. Hit someone. The priest will smite the
PP: smitten or smote 2. To fill someone with love. wicked with the acts of his
PresP: smiting god.
3rd S: smites
snapdragon Noun Pl: snapdragons A garden flower. The garden was filled in the
fall with snapdragons and
zinnias.
sodium Noun A chemical element that is Sodium can collected in salt
found in abundance on the lakes.
earth.
sojourn Noun; Verb (Intransitive) A short stay. A brief sojourn to the beach
Verb PT: sojourned relieved the summer heat.
(Intrans) PP: sojourned
PresP: sojourning
3rd S: sojourns
solvency Noun Ability to afford what must The solvency of the small
be spent. business was an issue when
the owners requested a
bank loan.
somatic Adjective Something that affects the The spa offered somatic somatically (Adv)
body. remedies for physical
ailments.
spate Noun Pl: spates Flood. Large supply of There was a spate of
something. demonstrations after the
neighborhood learned of the
new ordinances.
specter Noun Pl: specters A ghost or apparition. The specter of greed
haunted Scrooge in the
Christmas Carol.
spectrum Noun Pl: spectra or 1. Distribution of colored The designer choose from a
spectrums light. spectrum of colors,
2. Any range. particular shades of grey.
speculative fever Adjective Compulsive conjecture. Speculative fever inspired
the California Gold rush of
1849.
spew Verb PT: spewed 1. To vomit. Please do not spew out your spewer (N)
PP: spewed 2. To force something out. dinner despite your
PresP: spewing discomfort.
3rd S: spews


Details
spherule Noun Pl: spherules A minute or tiny sphere. The spherule created by the spherular (Adj)
student to represent the
nucleus of an atom received
a variety of awards.
splinter Noun; Noun A sharp fragment. Will the union splinter into splintery (Adj)
Verb Pl: splinters several factions?
Verb
PT: splintered
PP: splintered
PresP: splintering
3rd S: splinters
stark Adjective; Adjective 1. Desolate. The stark room lacked any starkly (Adv)
Adverb comparative: starker 2.Completely bare. furniture. starkness (N)
superlative: starkest
startling Adjective Surprising or alarming. The acceptance to Harvard startlingly (Adv)
Business School came as a
startling surprise to the
young man.
statutory Adjective Relating to a statute. The statutory crime was statutorily (Adv)
prosecuted by the district
attorney.
stave Noun; Noun 1. A thin piece of wood. In order to stave off an
Verb Pl: staves 2. To break a hole in an injection, the mother
Verb object. applied antibiotic ointment
PT: staved or stove to the child's wounds.
PP: staved
PresP: staving
3rd S: staves
steerage Noun The cheapest After finishing college, we

accommodations on a ship. jumped aboard a cargo ship
and slept in the steerage.
steppe Noun Pl: steppes A vast and extensive The steppe extends for
treeless plain. thousands of kilometers.
stinkwood Noun Pl: stinkwoods or Tree with foul-smelling We often wood that from
stinkwood wood. that tree stinkwood because
of its unpleasant odor.
strata Noun Plural of stratum Parallel layers. The company was separated stratal (Adj)
into various strata.
stratigraphical Noun Pl: stratigraphies The study of origin, Stratigraphical notions of stratigrapher (N)
composition, and the origins of this canyon stratigraphist (N)
development of rock strata. are remarkably thorough
and fascinating.
stratosphere Noun Part of the Earth's The stratosphere is one of
atmosphere. the layers of protection of
the earth against the sun.
strep throat Noun A sore throat that is Strep throat can easily be
accompanied by fever and diagnosed by a simple test.
inflammation.
streptomycin Noun An antibiotic used for The doctor prescribed
tuberculosis. streptomycin, but it had
little affect on the patient's
illness.

Page 43

Details
stultify Verb PT: stultified 1. Decrease interest. The environment stultification (N)
(Trans) PP: stultified 2. Make someone seems unfortunately stultified the stultifier (N)
PresP: stultifying stupid. child's growth.
3rd S: stultifies
subsidiary Adjective; Noun Secondary or subordinate in The subsidiary firms subsidiarily (Adv)
Noun Pl: subsidiaries importance. developed from the large subsidiariness (N)
corporation to hand specific
client needs.
subsidize Verb PT: subsidized To give or contribute Farmers had long been subsidizable (Adj)
(Trans) PP: subsidized money. subsidized by the subsidization (N)
PresP: subsidizing government. subsidizer (N)
3rd S: subsidizes
substrate Noun Pl: substrates Something that is acted In Biochemistry, the
upon in a biochemical students studied the way in
reaction. which substrates were acted
upon by enzymes
subterfuge Noun Pl: subterfuges A plan that is meant to By subterfuge, you
deceive. discovered my secret.
sulfur Noun A yellow nonmetallic Sulfur springs often carry sulfur (Adj)
element that is used to the odor of rotten eggs but sulfury (Adj)
make matches, gunpowder also speak of their healing
and sulfuric acid. nature.
sulphate Noun Compound of sulphuric Sulphate chemicals are used

acid and another chemical. in many industrial plants.
supernova Noun Pl: supernovae or An exploding star. Astronauts studied the

supernovas development of supernova
with the use of satellites.
supplicant Noun; Noun A petitioner who addresses The lone supplicant pleaded supplicatory (Adj)
Adjective Pl: supplicants a heartfelt plea to someone to god for mercy.
of power.
suppressant Noun Pl: suppressants Something that suppresses An appetite suppressant
something else. was used to decrease the
patient's desire to eat
during their recovery.
synthetase Noun Synthetase also known as
ligase is an important
enzyme in the body.
take issue with Phrase Discuss about something I must take issue with the
vigorously. way you treat your
subordinates.
tamarind Noun Pl: tamarinds A tropical evergreen tree. Tamarinds are exported
from island nations.
tardive dyskinesin Phrase A medical condition
characterized by
involuntary movements of
facial muscles.
tartan Noun Pl: tartans A Scottish wool fabric. They used tartan patterns to
design the kilt.
technocrat Noun Pl: technocrats A bureaucrat who is also The technocrats advocated a technocratic (Adj)
educated in a form of new program that would be
technology. more efficient than the
current one.
tektite Noun Pl: tektites A small dark glassy rock. Tektites used in making
jewels have been found in
parts of Central Europe.


Details
temblor Noun Pl: temblors An earthquake or tremor. The temblor shook the
island and toppled many
buildings.
temperance Noun Abstinence or refraining The temperance movements
from consuming alcohol. in United States grew
powerful in the early 20th
century.
tempo Noun Pl: tempi or tempos A musical piece's speed. To keep up with the tempo
of the current economy, the
company needed to hire
more workers and increase
productivity.
tenet Noun Pl: tenets Something that is accepted The major tenet of our
as truth or a set of beliefs. company policy towards our
workers is that happy
employees will to their job
better than unhappy ones.
terra-cotta Adjective Of a brownish red color. Our pots and our tiles are
made from terracotta.
terse Adjective comparative: terser Abrupt and unfriendly. The terse remarks made by tersely (Adv)
superlative: tersest the speaker left the terseness (N)
audience rather
disappointed.
the Bering sea Noun A part of the North Pacific The Bering Sea was crossed
Ocean between Alaska and by humans and animals
Eastern Russia. during an Ice Age years ago.
the Federal Noun Pl: Federal Reserve One of the 12 reserve banks The Federal Reserve
Reserve Bank Banks that regulate affiliated increased interest rates
banks in a Federal Reserve today as the government
District in the US. seems to be recovering from
its recession.
the Great Lakes Noun A group of five large fresh- The Great Lakes which
water lakes between Canada border Canada and the US
and the US. are full of fish.
the Parthenon Noun Athena's temple on the The Parthenon sits atop the
Acropolis in Athens, city of Athens and draws
Greece. millions of visitors a year.
the Warsaw Pact Phrase The Warsaw Pact resulted in
the granting of huge amount
of territory to the Soviet
Union following World War
II.
throttle Noun; Verb Noun A valve that controls the Pilots use the throttle to throttler (N)
(Trans) Pl: throttles flow of fluids such as fuel. cause the plane to go higher
Verb (Transitive) and come down.
PT: throttled
PP: throttled
PresP: throttling
3rd S: throttles
thwart Verb; Verb 1. To stop someone or The soldier's mission was thwartedly (Adv)
Noun PT: thwarted something from succeeding. thwarted by bad weather thwarter (N)
PP: thwarted 2. Extending across. and a lack of good visibility.
PresP: thwarting
3rd S: thwarts
Noun
Pl: thwarts

Page 45

Details
thyroid Noun; Noun Thyroid gland. Without the thyroid gland,
Adjective Pl: thyroids children wouldn't grow.
tinge Noun; Verb (Transitive) A slight amount of There was a tinge of regret
Verb PT: tinged something. in his voice when he
(Trans) PP: tinged resigned from his position.
PresP: tingeing or
tinging
3rd S: tinges
tinker Noun; Verb (Intransitive) 1. Someone who traveled 1. (make changes) We will tinkerer (N)
Verb PT: tinkered from place to place, have to tinker with some of
(Trans) PP: tinkered mending metal items. our figures before
PresP: tinkering 2. To fiddle with something. submitting a final proposal
3rd S: tinkers to the board.
tonality Noun Quality of the tone. The composer emphasized
tonality in each of his
works.
tonsillectomy Noun Pl: tonsillectomies The surgical removal of the After weeks of a sore throat
tonsils. and inflamed tonsils, the
child went in to the
operating room for a
tonsillectomy.
topographical Noun Pl: topographies A map that shows surface The topographical map topographer (N)
features such as mountains, displayed the altitude and topographic (Adj)
rivers and roads. terrain of the forested topographical
preserve. topographically (Adv)
topple Verb PT: toppled To make something fall. The stock market toppled
PP: toppled after news of increased
PresP: toppling unemployment levels hit the
3rd S: topples market.
totalitarian Adjective; Noun A centralized or dictatorial Many political science totalitarianism (N)
Noun Pl: totalitarians government. experts describe the Soviet
Union in the period of Stalin
as a totalitarian regime.
tout Verb; Verb 1. To attract support. 1.(make known) The grocery touter (N)
Noun PT: touted 2. To praise someone, stores touted their superior
PP: touted something, or a cause. service and high quality
PresP: touting products. 2. (sell
3rd S: touts unofficially) The scalpers
Noun touted basketball tickets at
Pl: touts rate triple that of the box
office.
tracheotomy Noun Pl: tracheotomies A medical procedure which The surgeon performed a
includes an incision tracheotomy on the young
through the neck into the woman to allow her to
trachea to assist breathing breathe more freely.
when the upper airways are
blocked.
traitorous Adjective Having the qualities of The traitorous behavior of traitorously (Adv)
someone who betrays or is certain Americans during traitorousness (N)
disloyal. the Cold War resulted in the
revealing of secret
information to the Soviet
Union.


Details
trajectory Noun Pl: trajectories The path an object takes The trajectory the bullet
under certain forces followed was slightly altered
according to the laws of by the wind. 2. The economy
physics. continues its downward
trajectory.
transatlantic Adjective To cross the Atlantic Ocean. The transatlantic pact on
issues of human rights
involved South American,
North American and
European nations.
transatlantic Phrase In the previous centuries
migrate many Europeans have made
the transatlantic migration
in hopes of finding a better
life in the Americas.
transnational Phrase Co-operation beyond The company was able to

cooperation borders, between countries. make the necessary
arrangements to ensure
transnational cooperation in
the distribution of their
products.
trapezium Noun Pl: trapeziums or A geometric shape with The building's architect trapezial (Adj)
trapezia four sides, none of which created a trapezium
are parallel. structure that incorporates
gardens.
trenchant Adjective Direct and deliberately The publishing house trenchancy (N)
hurtful. rejected the article of the trenchantly (Adv)
young writer because of the
trenchant criticism the work
had received.
trichotomy Noun Pl: trichotomies To divide into 3 sections. The sociologist would divide trichotomic (Adj)
his study into a trichotomy trichotomous (Adj)
addressing the rich, the trichotomously (Adv)
middle class, and the poor.
trite Adjective Overused and banal The poet managed only tritely (Adv)
trite, cliched lines. triteness (N)
tryptophane Noun A chemical term; an amino
acid essential to the life of
vertebrates
turbine Noun Pl: turbines A machine powered n which The large turbine provided
fluids are run through to energy to the community.
make blades turn in order
to generate something such
as electrical or mechanical
power.
turbulent Adjective Characterized by chaotic or The turbulent nature of the turbulently (Adv)
violent movement. advertising industry creates
job instability.
turmoil Noun Pl: turmoils Commotion or disruptive Our government is in a state
event that causes of financial turmoil.
confusion.
typology Noun The classification of types. Scientists would develop a typologic (Adj)
typology for classifying typological (Adj)
languages. typologically (Adv)
typologist (N)

Page 47

Details
tyrannical Adjective Ruling with absolute power The tyrannical behavior of tyrannically (Adv)
unjustly. the nation's government did tyrannicalness (N)
not allow for dissenting
voices.
tyrosine Noun An amino acid. Tyrosine is one the amino
acids that is essential to a
properly functioning system
for breaking down proteins.
unbridled Adjective Freely and openly The unbridled usage of unbridledly (Adv)
expressed. firearms by civilians unridledness (N)
threatens the safety of
communities.
underpin Verb PT: underpinned To support a weakened The protesters offered little
(Trans) PP: underpinned structure by putting to underpin their argument.
PresP: underpinning something beneath it.
3rd S: underpins
unicameral Adjective Having one legislative Most countries today reject unicameralism (N)
chamber. a unicameral government in unicameralist (N)
favor of two legislative unicamerally (Adv)
bodies.
untenable Adjective Not defendable (argument). The protesters are making untenability (N)
an untenable argument untenableness (N)
which few voters will untenably (Adv)
support.
unviable Verb PT: unvoiced Not practicable; The new method of
(Trans) PP: unvoiced unreasonable constructing the house with
PresP: unvoicing its high costs and time
3rd S: unvoices consuming techniques is an
unviable option.
unwieldy Adjective Hard to handle. The refrigerator was an unwieldily (Adv)

unwieldy machine to load unwieldiness (N)
into the van.
unwitting Adjective Unaware of something. Children refused to confess unwittingly (Adv)
to steal candy, stating that
they happened to be
unwitting victims of their
friend.
upscale clientele Phrase A group of clients with The restaurant caters to
expensive taste upscale clientele, serving
only the finest and most
expensive wines.
upturn Verb; Verb To cause something to turn. The recent upturn in the
Noun PT: upturned economy can be attributed
PP: upturned to increased consumer
PresP: upturning confidence and job growth.
3rd S: upturns
Noun
Pl: upturns
uranium Noun A radioactive element. Uranium is one of the key

elements necessary for the
production of the atomic
bomb.
urchin Noun Pl: urchins A mischievous or ill- The mother tried to calm
behaved child. her child but the urchin
screamed and refused to
listen.


Details
usurp Verb PT: usurped 1. Seize something without The federal government is usurpation (N)
PP: usurped the right to do so. usurping the power of the usurper (N)
PresP: usurping states to make decisions
3rd S: usurps regarding how to educate
their young people.
vaccine Noun Pl: vaccines Inoculation that stimulates The vaccine served to
the immune system to fight immunize the children
against a disease. against polio.
valance Noun Pl: valances Decorative cover for a A valance hangs on the base
curtain rod. of my bed.
varicose Adjective Swollen more than normal. Older women often get
varicose veins.
vascular Adjective Having to do with fluid- The injection immediately vascularity (N)
carrying vessels. entered the patient's vascularly (Adv)
vascular system.
velocity Noun Pl: velocities The speed or rate of The high velocity engine
something. allows the car to easily
climb mountains.
veneer Noun Noun A thin layer of material The simple wood was
Pl: veneers attached to the surface of covered by a beautifully
an inferior material. stained oak veneer.
venerable Adjective Revered or respected. Children are often more venerability (N)
venerable to harsh weather venerably (Adv)
than adults.
vengeance Noun Something done with the Vengeance caused the
intention of revenge. young woman to trick her
lover.
verifiability Noun PT: verified Ability to be proven. (verity) The verity of her verifiability (N)
PP: verified story was clear especially verifiable (Adj)
PresP: verifying when presented alongside verifiably (Adv)
3rd S: verifies the falseness of other verifier (N)
onlookers.
vernacular Noun Pl: vernaculars Everyday or ordinary The men at the market use a vernacular (Adj)
language. vernacular non-native vernacularly (Adv)
speakers find difficult to
understand.
versatility Adjective Having many uses. The versatility of the dancer versatilely (Adv)
is seen in her ability to versatility (N)
dance in ballet and modern
performances.
vestige Noun Pl: vestiges A trace of something that is The last vestiges of the
no longer present. previous government's
power are represented in
statues of former leaders
and in the minds of the
elderly.
Vichy government Noun A city in central France The Vichy government
famous for its mineral though it ruled France
springs. during WWII is a distant
memory for the average
Frenchman.
vintner Noun Pl: vintners A wine merchant. Those vintners produced
and distributed fine Merlot.
vinyl Noun A chemical compound used The vinyl siding on the vinylic (Adj)
in plastics. home appeared as if it were
actually wood.

Page 49

Details
viola Noun Pl: violas A stringed instrument that The viola plays beautiful
is larger and lower in pitch soft sounds.
than a violin.
vitriolic Adjective Having bitter hatred The lawyer began a vitriolic vitriolically (Adv)
towards someone or attack on the judge who
something. made an unfavorable
decision against his client.
voluminous Adjective Very large or long. The voluminous texts voluminosity (N)
produced by scholars on the voluminously (Adv)
subject of the Soviet Union voluminousness (N)
became obsolete after its
demise.
whirligig Noun Noun A toy that spins very Within the whirligig of the
Pl: whirligigs quickly such as a top. Grand bazaar, the tourist
needed to keep track of
their belongings and mind.
white dwarf Noun A small dense star that has The satellite took never
collapsed on itself. before seen photographs of
the white dwarfs in far off
outer space.
willy-nilly Adverb; Uncontrollably; bound to The teacher found herself
Adjective happen. willy-nilly to give the test
regardless of her awareness
of the unpreparedness of
the students.
wither Verb PT: withered 1. To shrivel or shrink. The flower withered quickly withered (Adj)
PP: withered 2. To make someone after being picked from the witherer (N)
PresP: withering insecure. garden.
3rd S: withers
woodchuck Noun Pl: woodchucks or A North American rodent. The woodchuck scurries
woodchuck about the forests of North
America.
wristband Noun Pl: wristbands Something worn around the The tennis star wore
wrist often to absorb sweat. wristbands for style and
functional purposes.
xenophobia Noun The fear of something Xenophobia pervaded the xenophobic (Adj)
unfamiliar such as rural community as no one
strangers. understood nor appreciated
different peoples or
cultures.
yellow fever Noun An infectious and In order to travel to the far

sometimes deadly viral reaches of the jungle, he
disease of warm climates. would need to be
immunized against yellow
fever.
zing Noun; Verb A sharp, high-pitched The chef added a bit of zing zingy (Adj)
Verb PT: zinged sound. to his dishes by adding a
PP: zinged dash of chili pepper.
PresP: zinging
3rd S: zings

MR GMAT Vocabulary Advanced List

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

MR GMAT Vocabulary Advanced List

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Turbocharge Your GMAT:

GMAT Vocabulary List (Advanced)

275 Madison Ave, Suite 1429

Phone: +1 (212) 316-2000

Copyright and Terms of Use

Copyright and Trademark

GMAT is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admission Council.

Last updated on December 16, 2011.

www.manhattanreview.com 19992013 Manhattan Review

About the Turbocharge your GMAT Series

GMAT Math Study Guide (ISBN: 978-1-62926-013-6)

19992013 Manhattan Review www.manhattanreview.com

About the Company

Manhattan Reviews origin can be traced directly to an Ivy-League MBA classroom in

About the Founder

www.manhattanreview.com 19992013 Manhattan Review

Manhattan Review Advantages

Time Efficiency and Cost Effectiveness

High-quality and dedicated instructors who are committed to helping every

Manhattan Reviews team members have combined wisdom of

Our curriculum & proprietary Turbocharge Your GMAT course materials

About 600 pages of well-illustrated and professionally presented strategies

Combine with Private Tutoring for an individually tailored study package

High-quality Career, MBA & College Advisory Full Service

Our Pursuit of Excellence in All Areas of Our Service

19992013 Manhattan Review www.manhattanreview.com

International Phone Numbers & Official Manhattan Review Websites

Manhattan Headquarters +1-212-316-2000 www.manhattanreview.com

www.manhattanreview.com 19992013 Manhattan Review

Example Sentences demonstrate the actual applications of a word in a simple context.

Happy prepping and good luck on the test!

19992013 Manhattan Review www.manhattanreview.com

Words Form Grammatical Key Definitions Sentence Examples Relevant Words

amalgam Noun Pl: amalgams A mixture of two or more An amalgam of materials

www.manhattanreview.com 19992012 Manhattan Review ..

Words Form Grammatical Key Definitions Sentence Examples Relevant Words

antipsychotic Adjective; Noun Adjective An antipsychotic drug aids

www.manhattanreview.com 19992012 Manhattan Review ..

Words Form Grammatical Key Definitions Sentence Examples Relevant Words

www.manhattanreview.com 19992012 Manhattan Review ..

Words Form Grammatical Key Definitions Sentence Examples Relevant Words

baroque Adjective; Adjective Baroque style furniture is baroquely (Adv)

www.manhattanreview.com 19992012 Manhattan Review ..

Words Form Grammatical Key Definitions Sentence Examples Relevant Words

carpal Adjective; Pl: carpals Adjective Carpal tunnel syndrome

www.manhattanreview.com 19992012 Manhattan Review ..

Words Form Grammatical Key Definitions Sentence Examples Relevant Words

centrifugal Adjective; Adjective Centrifugal force separates centrifugalism (N)

chlorofluorocarbo Noun A gas made of carbon, Chlorofluorocarbons are

www.manhattanreview.com 19992012 Manhattan Review ..

Words Form Grammatical Key Definitions Sentence Examples Relevant Words

circadian Adjective Describes a pattern that is Some job requires a

compulsory Adjective; Pl: compulsories Adjective Compulsory attendance at compulsorily (Adv)

www.manhattanreview.com 19992012 Manhattan Review ..

Words Form Grammatical Key Definitions Sentence Examples Relevant Words

congenial Adjective Enjoyable and right to A congenial atmosphere congeniality (N)

contemptuous Adjective Demonstrating or showing The daughter was contemptuously (Adv)

coronary Adjective Describing the arteries that Coronary disease involves

coronary Noun An artery that bring blood Coronary angiography

www.manhattanreview.com 19992012 Manhattan Review ..

Words Form Grammatical Key Definitions Sentence Examples Relevant Words

Cossack Noun Pl: Cossacks A farmer of Polish or Brave Cossacks fought

cupidity Noun Greediness. Her cupidity led her to

www.manhattanreview.com 19992012 Manhattan Review ..