3.

a. VGS = 2.5V and VDS = 2.5V , therefore saturation.

0
k W
ID = (VGS VT )2 (1 + VDS )
2 L
115x106
= (2.5 0.43)2 (1 + 0.06 2.5)
2
= 283.3A

VGS = 0.5V and VDS = 1.25V , therefore saturation (again).

0
k W
ID = (VGS VT )2 (1 + VDS )
2 L
30x106
= (0.5 0.6)2 (1 + 0.1 1.25)
2
= 0.17A

b. VGS = 3.3V and VDS = 2.2V , therefore linear/triode.

V2
 
0 W
ID = k (VGS VT )VDS DS
L 2
2.22
 
6
= 115x10 (3.3 0.43)2.2
2
= 447.8A

VGS = 2.5V and VDS = 1.8V , therefore linear/triode (again).

V2
 
0 W
ID = k (VGS VT )VDS DS
L 2
1.82
 
= 30x106 (2.5 0.4)1.8
2
= 64.8A

c. VGS = 0.6V and VDS = 0.1V , therefore linear/triode.

V2
 
0 W
ID = k (VGS VT )VDS DS
L 2
0.12
 
= 115x106 (0.6 0.63)0.1
2
= 1.38A

VGS = 2.5V and VDS = 0.7V , therefore linear/triode (again).

V2
 
0 W
ID = k (VGS VT )VDS DS
L 2
2
 
0.7
= 30x106 (2.5 0.4)0.7
2
= 36.75A

1
6. For a short channel device,
V2
 
W 0
ID = k (VGS VT ) Vmin min (1 + VDS )
L 2
Vmin = min [(VGS VT ), VDS , VDSAT ]

To begin with, the operating regions need to be determined.

For any of these data to be in saturation, VT should be:
VGS VT < VDSAT
2 VT < 0.6

VT > 1.4V

This is quite a high value in our process, thus we can assume that all data are taken in velocity saturation.
We will check this assumption later.
In velocity saturation:
2
 
0 W V
ID = k (VGS VT ) VDSAT DSAT (1 + VDS )
L 2
Using rows 1 and 2 from the table we get:
0.62
 
W
0
1812 = k (2.5 VT 0 ) 0.6 (1 + 1.8)
L 2
0.62
 
0 W
1297 = k (2 VT 0 ) 0.6 (1 + 1.8)
L 2

VT 0 = 0.44V

Note that VT 0 < 1.4V and therefore 1, 2 and 3 are in velocity saturation. Now, using rows 2 and 3:
1297 1 + 1.8
=
1361 1 + 2.5

= 0.08V 1

Now using rows 2 and 4:

VT = 0.587V
and using rows 2 and 5:
VT = 0.691V
Both of these values are less than 1.4V, so all the data in our table were taken in velocity saturation.
q q 
VT = TT 0 + |Vsg | + |2p | 2|f |

The two values of VT we found previously, and knowing that VT 0 = 0.44V , we can nd:
|2f | = 0.6V
1
= 0.3V 2

Now we can substitute in data and nd:

W
= 15
L

2
9.

a. Device is always in saturation. 0

VX kp W 2
= (VX |Vtp |)
R 2 L
b. This is an approximate graph.

Figure 1: Load lines for M1 .

c.

1V 30x106 W 2
= (1.5 0.4)
20k 2 L
W
50A = 1.5x106 1.21
L
W
2.755 =
L

W 0.69m

d. Voltage at Node X would go up since the current drive of PMOS is lower.

Figure 2: Load lines with M1 velocity saturated.

3
13.

Vin = 0.2 IDS = 3x108 A (1)

or
Vin = 0.2 IDS = 5x109 A (2)

V
t = C
I
1
t(1) = 1pF
3x108
= 33.3s
1
t(2) = 1pF
5x109
= 200s

17.

fF
Cox = 6
m2
LD = 0.5m
WD = 1m

Cg is dened by the following relationships:

cut of f Cox W L + 2Co W

linear Cox W L + 2Co W
2
saturation Cox W L + 2Co W
3
Diusion capacitance, Cd , is given by:
Cd = Cj LD WD + Cjsw (2LD + WD )
Cjo
Cj =
(1 + VDS
)
mj

Cjswo
Cjsw =
(1 + VDS
)
mjsw

a. Vin = 2.5V , Vout = 2.5V . Velocity saturation.

Cg = 1.62f F
Q = 4.05f C = 4.05x1015 C
Cd = 0.827f F

Vin = 2.5V , Vout = 0.5V . Linear region.

Cg = 2.12f F
Q = 5.3f C = 5.3x1015 C
Cd = 1.263f F

Vin = 2.5V , Vout = 0V . Linear region.

Cg = 2.12f F
Q = 5.3f C = 5.3x1015 C
Cd = 1.56f F

4
 b. Vin = 0 Cutt of f

Cg = Gox W L
= 2.12pF
Q = 0

Cd are the same as they were in part a.

22.

a.

0.25
s= = 2.5
0.1
Speed scales inversely to tp which scales as 1
s2 therefore speed scale with s2 so:
f = 625M Hz

Power scales with s P = 25W .

b. In full scaling, speed scales with:
f = 250M Hz
Power scales as 1
s2 and thus:
P = 1.6W
c. We want to keep power constant:
s 1 1
= 1 u = s 3 = (2.5) 3 = 1.36
u3

Voltage becomes V = 1.842V , speed scales as s2

u = 4.6 so:

f = 460M Hz