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TOLERTON
UNFV. OF CALIF. LIBr^AI^Y. LOS ANGEUK
IB
The Cathedral of
<*-

wtm
1211 1914

Special Number

'L Art et les Artiste s"


REDACTION ET REVUE D'ART ANCIEN DIRECTEUR-
ADMINISTRATION: ... ET MODERNE ... FONDATEUR :

23, QUAI VOLTAIRE DES DEUX MONDES A~R M A N D


PARIS PARIS - 19^5 DAYOT
PRICE 2
ESTABLISHED 1864

M. KNOEDLER & G
HIGH CLASS PAINTINGS
OF ANCIENT AND MODERN SCHOOLS

D NEW-YORK
556-558 Fifth Avenue

(D)

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15, Old Bond St-W.

dD

D PARIS
1 7, Place Vendome.
Ph. des Monuments Historiqttes.

GENERAL VIEW OF THE MAIN FORE-FRONT, BEFORE THE BOMBARDMENT


WITH THE FAMOUS SOUTH-WESTERN PORTAL, NOW ALMOST ENTIRELY DESTROYED
^5"/) 7/3

FOREWORD
It is by that I came unto our old
degrees
Cathedrals... Now
can say that I owe to them
I

my most perfect joys. Therefore I wish, before


I disappear, to have said my admiration for them,
I wish to pay unto them my debt of gratitude, I
wish to celebrate these stones so tenderly gathered
into Masterpieces by humble and learned craftsmen.
AuGusTE Rodin. (Les Cathidrales).

iNCE the day of the invasion of Belgium, since the


day of the wanton destruction of Termonde,
Mechlin, Louvain, Ypres, Arras, Soissons, etc.,
unto the present hour, the Germans have applied,
with that spirit of method and discipline which is
the fundamental principle of their nature, servile
to the point of self debasement, the system of atro-
cities of all descriptions commended by their
Strategists and Educators, in order to abridge the horrors of war and
hasten the bounties of a redeeming peace.
The hypocrisy of this infamous doctrine spread by these soldiers
of dishonour, will mislead no one, neither will the tortuous contrivances
of a diplomacy for ever despised by the entire world, neither will the
false representations of historical facts expounded in the offices of Wolf
and Co, prevail against the declarations of Doctor Reiss (i), against
the affirmations of M. Pierre Nothomb (2), against the reports of
aM. Joseph Bedier the eminent professor of the French Institute of Arts
and Letters (3), against the many avowals inadvertantly acknowledged
by prisoners of war or disclosed in their notebooks, against the conclu-
sions of the Committees of enquiry, against the collective and indignant
protests of every Scholar and Intellectual in neutral countries... in
answer to the iniquitous manifesto of the German Intellectuals, protests
growing each day more numerous and more vehement now that is
rent the veil of lies, contrived by our enemies to hide their abominations.
One quoted at the head of this
of these protests deserves to be
special number of an Artistic Review whose purpose is to perpetuate
the memory of the abominable destruction of one of the most pure

(1) Gazette de Lausanne, 24 Dec. 1914.


(2) Revue des Deux-Mondes, December 1914.
(3) Revue de Paris, December 1914.

L'ART ET LES ARTISTES

marvels of the world, a work almost divine, the noble and exalted
expression of those men whose genius, worshipped at the same time,
the ideal and the truth. This protest is due to the pen of the eminent
American Architect Whitney Warren. It is a vibrant appeal full
of eloquent indignation to the American and Institute of Arts
Letters, after a distressing pilgrimage throughout the martyred towns
of France and Belgium.

Before it is too late, judging from what I have seen, and after questioning men
in a position to know, I draw through you the attention of the American people to, and
constat, the following :

and useless destruction of Rheims, Arras, and of Ypres, from


In view of the wilful
which I beg for an energetic protest, if it may be hoped to save
have just returned, I

anything that is sacred or beautiful in the countries still occupied by the enemy.
The destruction of Ypres, after remaining for three weeks unmolested while under
the same conditions as at present, was of a uselessness absolute and of no military importance
whatever. The only reason that can be attributed is rage on the part of the Germans at
their inability to enter. Vast residential sections are destroyed, and the marvellous Halles

des Drapiers one of the treasures of Flemish Gothic, a monument notable for its proportions,
its historic and ethical associations is destroyed
beyond restoration. The Cathedral also,
most noble, is in the same condition. The Museum, with all its treasures, is completely
incinerated.
There was, no strategic excuse for this, all movement of the troops being
I reiterate,
from the suburbs, and the city unoccupied. General Foch, of
at three to eight kilometres
the French, and General Douglas Haig, of the English, are absolutely at a loss to understand
the miserable wantonness of this act.
Arras
is in the same unhappy condition. The enemy occupied the city for four
days, and, upon retiring, has absolutely destroyed the residential and business districts ;

the charming place, built during the Spanish occupation, and the City Hall with its belfry,
incomparable of beauty in its harmony and picturesqueness, are but glorious ruins. This
work of generations, inspired by the love and preserved by the traditions of its citizens of all
time is annihilated.
troops are not within the city this from my personal obser-
The French
vation and day I was there, the Germans again shelled the Cathedral.
yet the
Of Rheims you are familiar, and of the fate of many inoffensive, helpless villages
and towns in the Argonne, the Meurthe, the Aisne and the Vosges, back of which the Germans
have been driven, leaving them devastated beyond all description or imagination. Even the
sacrilege of Domremy, the birthplace of Jeanne d'Arc, has been accomplished.
The code practised by the Germans is devoid of all honor, decency or mercy do I

not say this against the German people. All the Generals with whom have spoken agree1

that probably the German soldier has the same mentality as those of the Allies it is against
the head and the heads of the military despotism by which they are governed that I repeat
this they have a code of systematic destruction, of terror, and implements manufactured
to carry it out with by order
this, contrary to all the treaties and conventions regarding
the laws of war, signed by us Americans as well as by them, at The Hague and at the Geneva
Convention, and strictly followed by the Allies.
There is but one question that can arise in anybody's mind regarding all this :

How will the Allies behave when they arrive in Germany ? Namely, the question of
repr^sailles.
On this I am convinced as men and soldiers should. Gallieni, Castelnau,
Foch, and others with whom I have talked, are absolutely specific and stand sponsors for

FOREWORD

their men."It is not in our ideas to make war that way, our men will behave themselves
as they should." These generals are warriors and gentlemen, and must be believed.
Is it not possible for our people to organize and to protest through our President

to the Master Mind of all this miserable devastation ? General Douglas Haig said to me
three days ago It is too late to protest, the damage is done 1 Yes, but there remain
:

Ghent and Bruges, Brussels and Antwerp, Laon and Noyon and Saint-Quentin, containing
treasures innumerable and precious, perhaps, above all, to us, so in need of inspiration
and of tradition !

For the love of that which is beautiful within us, for the honor of our signature,
and answer to the call of the helpless behind the enemy's line, is it not possible to insist
in
that the Conventions and Treaties to which we are party shall be observed, or is there
no blood in us ?
Believe me, very obediently,
Paris, December i6, 1914. Whitney Warren.

May the eloquent and generous appeal of Mr. Whitney Warren


be heard !... We
must and will hope still... And yet the persistant
bombardment of the town of Rheims and its unfortunate Cathedral,
whose flowered garlands of stone, whose matchless sculptures and
precious architectonic details each day are shattered into fragments
under the repeated blows of the German brute, reveals but too plainly
the methodical and implacable observance of their barbarous
programme.
To shed innocent blood, to spread terror, to finish off the wounded,
shoot and mutilate old people, women and children so as to terrify
the men and paralyse their activity... to destroy the great monuments
of the past so as to annihilate unto their very vestiges, those haughty
trophies of glory, that to this day were, for the soul of our French
people, so faithfully attached to its traditions, unrivalled sources
of energy and beauty is the programme
: of the Kaiser and his
valets. What a monstrous dream, hatched in a delirium of conceit
and that must crumble also in the avenging flames, as has the
Sagittary of Rheims, as have all these Guardians of the Shadows
<<

standing under the pointed arches of the porticoes around the smiling
Virgin, that exquisite and sublime image destroyed also for ever.
They live of the life of the centuries, these weird figures, these
guards of honour, row by row, first three deep, then four, then ten are
they apparitions ? They have a formidable Religious intensity. They
are concerting. Perhaps do they await some grave event...
Nothing can express with more power the impression of awe
and admiration which strikes one's soul before the marvelous facade,
L'ART ET LES ARTISTES

that aerial museum comparable in its beauty to the


of sculpture,
divine fronton of the Parthenon, than do these passionate outbursts
of Rodin's in his Pilgrim's dreams on the Cathedrals of France, in
his meditations wrought with extasies and terrors.

And now Rheims is no more, or rather


that the Cathedral of
now that nothing is left of its refined and robust splendour but a
sort of sinister skeleton charred by flames, swept by shells, and to
which cling still, here and there, a few fragments of the most wondrous
sculptures, smiles of Virgins and Angels, meditations of Apostles,
grimacings of Devils, grotesque contorsions of tottering monsters
hanging over abysses, let us pray that no profane hand shall complete
the work of the Barbarians by attempting to repair these sublime
ruins still overwhelmed, despite so many mortal wounds, with an
accumulation of centuries of thought.
This would be the supreme sacrilege.
Let us crave that alone a few preventive measures should be
taken. And first of all that one should hasten, as soon as circumstances
allow, to erect a protective roof under which in the space where
stood the great naves filled with their mysterious shadows, should
be set in chronologic order the fragments of sculpture and architecture
collected with reverence and also the statues and broken ornaments
still clinging to the walls by a prodigy of equilibrium as was done ;

in the Thermae of Diocletian in Rome.


The series of magnificent tapestries, that have seen pass so
many Royal processions, and which were fortunately saved from
the disaster, would be the gorgeous back-ground to these mutilated
works of Art whose inspiring fragments, mustered in the shadow
of the two great shattered towers and the porches widowed of their
guardians of the shadows will contain enough beauty to proclaim
the eternal radiance of French genius against the despotic vanity and
wanton impotency of a dishonoured Germany.
And on the splintered front, at the very place where smiled
the Virgin, holding the Infant God in her arms, should be nailed for
all Eternity this scathing stigma :

Through here the Germans passed ! >

Armand Dayot.
(Translated by Cecile Sartoris.) General-Inspector of Fine Arts
Ph. dcs Monuments Ilistorujiics.

COLLECTIVE VIEW, lAKEN FROM THE NORTH EAST (before the bombardment)

If1i''ilr1jli&

I'h (.'cDi-A'cs lliitiii

GENERAL VIEW, AFTER THE FIRING OF 1111-; RIDGES (one sees that Ihe nnif has gone)

Ihc bombardment has, since then, aggravated the havoc done


INri:KU:)R of IIIE main body, seen from the sanctuary (before ihe bombardiiicni)

Ph. des Monuments Historiques.


GROUP OF CllAPTRELS IN THE NAVE VINES AND FIG-TREES. A CAMEL. THE VINTAGE (before the bombardment)
'
THE CATHEDRAL OF RHEIMS
UR great Cathedrals published a remarkable report on the
realize altogether such Condition of the Cathedral of Rheims
perfect and various after the bombardment.

types of beauty that Since then, the very learned historian


every one may, ac- of Rheims Mr Jadart has exposed to
cording to his own the Academy of Inscriptions and to the
affinities, prefer one of them. Now, Society of Antiquaries of France details
however, the church of Rheims is as precise as heart-breaking on the
the one we love above all. It enjoys disasters of the bombardment.
henceforth the same preference which Other publications just as interesting
will be given in our families to the child will come in time, Mr I'abbe Thinot,
wounded on the battlefield. It is a the very distinguished chapel-master
favour at which nobody will think of of the metropolis of Rheims keeps a
taking offence. journal since the beginning of the bom-
No glory is missing to that church bardment which he will publish and
of kings and to this queen of churches. which will be illustrated with excellent
I would like to recall here the records stereotyped photographs taken at the
of its history ; the beauties of its archi- risk of his life under a shower of
tecture ; the influence it has exercised howitzer-shells. cannot sulficientlv
I

on the art of all Christendom , and thank Mr I'abbe Thinot for having made
to conclude, the abominable outrage me the friendly act of giving me the
which raises now the indignation of the authorization to publish here a few of
civilized world. these eloquent documents.
One will excuse me for being com- One cannot look at them without
pelled to repeat what others much better emotion in thinking that another amateur
have previously expressed and it is , photographer of Rheims Mr Huart, has
for me a duty to commence by paying been killed by the side of his mother in
a homage to my predecessors'works. the streets of the bombarded town at

One knows that Mr rabb6 Cerf has the very moment he was preparing to
published a very complete and docu- complete the series of his photographs
mented monography on the Cathedral which equally illustrate this study.
of Rheims that VioUet le Due has
, You will join my
dear reader, in
me,
greatly studied this magnificent model \
addressing a respectful and sorrowful
that my Louis
learned colleague Mr souvenir to the memory of this future
Demaison has given precision with as great man who died so nobly.
much sagacity as erudition, to the Another native of Rheims, Mr Deneux
names and chronology of the architects ; head architect of the Historical .Monu-
that Mr I'abbe Laluyau is the author of ments was kind enough to put at my
an excellent small guide, and that under disposal the henceforth priceless treasure
the auspices of the Academy of 15eaux- of the plans which he had been executing
Arts, Mr Whitney Warren has recently for long years, with as much talent as
L'ART ET LES ARTISTES

love, of the glorious edifice of which Already towards the year 400 the
each stone is familiar to hi-n. apostle of the a Champagne St Nicaise
The drawings he has taken of the had built a Cathedral in the very same
destroyed frames, would permit their place where we admire a Notre-Dame
reconstruction without omitting a single de Rheims . A similar tragical end
peg- befell the church and its pastor it is upon ,

The greater part of the ornaments the very threshold of the burnt temple
ot the Cathedral been photo-
have that the hordes of Vandals, paying their
graphed the old collections Trompette,
, first visit inour provinces, slaughtered
Rothier, Doucet, Lajoie are among the the man ot God without defence.
best and the richest. Fifteen centuries have not been suffi-
These are testimonials which concord cient to civilize these barbarians , the
in affirming the universal admiration for Frank people, on the contrary were a
the master-piece , the immensity of the race with noble instincts and when they
mourning which the cowardise of the had conquered our soil, they allowed
barbarians inflict to day upon the civi- themselves to be conquered by the
Hzed world. antique culture of which Roman Gaul
I hesitate to speak here about a kept the traditions. The two nations
document of lies and impudence, of soon melted into one, and it is in
which a German mind alone cannot Rheims, in 496, that this reunion was
understand the odious and grotesque solemnly consecrated by the baptism of
imbecility. A man who has been up Clovis and his followers.
to now esteemed for his good works, The victor of the German and
Dr Paul Clemen has been ridiculed by Thuringians asserted thus the adhesion
the German Emperor with the title of of the Franks to the Roman faith and
inspector of the monuments of the inva- civilization.

ded countries, and he disgraced him- It was the aurora of a fruitful and
self in accepting to sign an accomo- glorious union, for it has produced the
dating account of the Cathedral of Rheims civilization we are ever proud of.

which he confesses to having only seen If the holy Pontif Remi has not said
through a spy-glass from a distance of words attributed to him
textually the :

five kilometers. a Burn what you have worshipped and


That suffices him tor asserting offi- worship what you have burnt , those
cially that the portalshave not suffered. words express none the less truly and
Nothing shows better to what an eloquently the thought of Clovis, of his
absence of dignity and even of scientific people and their descendants : a Let us
intellect, the most reputed learned men throw into the fire the old worm-eaten
of Germany can reach. God of the Barbarians and long live in
Our loss may be measured, it is true , the future the Eternal God of the Gospel !

more for its quality than for its extent. Rebuilt and dedicated in 862 by the
I assume here the sad duty of enume- archbishop Hincmar, repaired in 976 by
rating the crimes ot vandalism, by his successor Adalberon, the venerable
recalling what was the destroyed monu- basilic was then a magnificent edifice,

ment in the time of its splendour. wisely ordained, as shows the study

10
I'll, cies Mnntimenis //is(on,;i(i'\.

VIKW r.VKKN IN THE TRANSKPT (before the bombardment)


I'h. dcs MrnuiKicnl: ;/;

VAL LT-BUTTPESSES AND COUNTEBKOBT S ibctorc the hnmbardmcnii

12
THE CATHEDRAL OF RHEIMS

which my learned master the Count of on at the very beginning of the work, for
Lasteyrie has consecrated to the Caro- it is identical to that of the base of the
lingian Cathedral of Rheims. If we highest part of the towers of the transept
compare these documents to those we On the contrary the elevation of the
possess on the Carolingian Church of west front might have been discarded
St Riquier, we will acquire the conviction from the primitive plan without troubling
thatit is not on the borders of the the harmony of the whole and the artists ;

Rhine but in our Northern France that who have realized it have showed
were created the models of the roman themselves in advance on their time,
style so called German. whilst they were finishing the nave on
After a rebuilding in the xilth Century an already archaic idea.
and a conflagration in 12 lo the Cathe- The successive masters of the work
dral was rebuilt such as it has remained have given as well a proof of the same
until our days. qualities and have remained faithful to
This marvel has remained unfinished, the primitive conception , excellent cons-
for the extremities of the transept were tructers, they have not however gone to
to be crowned with towers like those the depths of reasoning as did Jean
that were in the frontage and each one Langlois with St Urbain of Troyes.
of those six steeples was to bear a stone In return they have taken pleasure
spire. A large, wooden spire stood on in in sculptural ornamenta-
realizing
the crossing. tion acharming originality and variety,
Such as it came to us the monument an incomparable abundance, a purity
still required more than three Centuries which often has nothing to envy of the
of work. It is true that at the end of a Grecian antiquity. Such a sumptuosity
hundred years all the thickest walls suited the sanctuary of the royal corona-
were finished. Though nine architects tions.
succeeded one another from i a 10 to 1452 The man of genius to whom we owe
the master-piece has kept, the unity of the general plan of the edifice is Jean
its primitive conception. d'Orbais who began it towards 1211.
Whilst chapels were added to the He probably only built the deambula-
Cathedrals of Paris and Amiens in the tory and the lower part of the sanctuary,
Xivth century whilst those of Chartres
; above which the construction takes a
and Bourges have disparate steeples the , different character for those who study
ordering has been handled again in it closely.
Rouen and progressively modified in In fact, according to a very wide-
Troyes or in Tours, no essential change spread custom the proportions of the
has ever been made to the plans of the church are given by superpositions of
Cathedral of Rheims. equilateral triangles the angles of which
In its west extremity where the details correspond to the principal parts of the
belong already to the style of the XlVth ordinance.
century, the whole ordonnance remains Now, in the highest part of the nave,
that of the beginning of the xilith the , this canon has been modified by a cer-
towers of the frontage were raised at the tain surelevation, at the same time as
same time according to a plan decided the construction was getfing lighter.

i3
L'ART ET LES ARTISTES

These modifications seem to have the South-west portal, they have em-
been introduced by Jean le Loup, who ployed or reemployed statues of apostles
succeeded to Jeand'Orbaisand remained and prophets similar to those of the
sixteen years in function. It is during north portal of the transept in Chartres
this period, in 1221, that the PopeHono- and which cannot be posterior to 1225.
rius III prescribed some collections in On the central portal, on the contrary,
all Christendom for the master-piece they believe they have discovered
of Rheims. This master-piece is then modern sculpture. In a more inge-
that of the whole Christian world. nious than convincing memorial account,
The choir was consecrated in 1241. M""' Sartor refuses to see a work of the
I have reason to believe it was not yet Middle Ages admirable group of
in the
finished a ceiling of timber-work had to
: the Visitation so evidently inspired from
be constructed to cover it under the Grecian statuary, but the perfectly Gothic
incomplete vaults. The study of the style of the buckle of the Virgin and the
drawings of Vilard de Honnecourt justi- fact that the group has been copied
fies this opinion as we shall see. towards 1280 from the Cathedral ot
It is again to Jean le Loup that Bamberg are sufficient, as observed
belongs the honour of having conceived Mr Louis Serbat to justify this paradox.
and begun the most admired part of the Like many other statues of the Cathe-
building, the west portals, singularly dral (some them in Roman costume)
ot
original work and in advance on its this group shows that our artists of the
epoch. Gaucher de Rheims, his suc- xiilth century very seriously
studied
cessor ended the covings and conducted antique models and that the old metro-
the works during eight years. polis of Rheims still kept models of
Whilst making lighter the most ele- Greek statuary. One cannot insist too
vated parts, these masters had, on the much upon this fact, evident to whoever
contrary, wisely made stronger the occi- studiesthe Middle Ages ; our fathers
dental bay which bears the towers. admired Antiquity and followed its les-
After them, Bernard de Soissons from sons, their civilization was not German,
1^55 to about 1285 completed that extre- but Roman. The Renaissance has only
mity of the nave with the large rose systematized the imitation and ceased
window. It is perhaps to him that we to adapt the models it copied.
owe the idea very willingly followed but History does not allow us to have
uneasy to explain of giving a particular any doubt on the date of the portals,
strength, not only to the bay which bears though their style announces already
the towers but also to the neighbouring the xivih century. If we compare this

ones. No one, however, in the time precocity of style to that of the disap-
of civilization could foresee the assault peared church of St Nicaise of Rheims
of the edifice by war machinery. and the church of St Urbain of Troyes,
seems certain that the three great
It one will be brought to conclude that the
portalshave been executed from 1240 to Masters of the Champagne, Jean le Loup,
about 1260 with the major part of their Bernard de Soissons, Hugues Libergier,
admirable statuary. Jean Langlois, though knowing how to
However in the inward splaying of be classical, as we have just mentioned

14
Ph. des MunumLiils Jli.'iiunquij.^. Ph. des Munumi^nts Jlistortiiue.^i.

DECORATIVE HEAD DECORATIVE HEAD

Ni> ' f-.^

I'h. ./i.s .\Iouiiients Ilistun.iui^

DECORATIVE MEAD DECORATIVE HEAD

l5
r: - des Monuments Hisluri<iues.
THE DAMNED-HEAD PIECE. OVER THE JL-DQEMEXT PORTAI,, NORTHWARD IN THE TRANSEPT .mutilated bv bombardment)

Ph. des Motiumenis /y^s/i ,,y,,, ^

GIGANTIC STATUE'S BUST


southward in the transept, supposed portrait ot St Louis Ph. lies Monuments llistoriques.
(destroyed by bombardment) PERSONAGE WITH CAP AND HOOD

l6
Ph. des ilonumtius Jlisiuru/uis.

DETAILS OF TIIK SAINTS Or KIIKl.MS, i )N llIK PORTAL LN lilt; NURTII TRANSEPT (bcforu the bombarjmeni)
On the part that separates the doors St Sixtis. On the upright stone an Angel; St Remi receiving the
: : Holy Vial; Clovis.
On the tympanum : Baptism of Clovis. Above: St Remi driving out of Rheims the devils who had birned the city.

17
Ph. des Monuments Ilistorii^ues.

THE SYNAGOGUE
HEAD OF AN ADMIPABLE GIGANTIC AND SYMBOLICAL FIGURE, SEATED AT THE SOUTHERN GABLE OF THE TRANSEPT
AND HITHERTO SAVED FROM DISASTER
THE CATHEDRAL OF RHEIMS

were also novators. The same remark Rheims yet unfinished, and of the imi-
may be applied as soon as i23o to the tations it already suggested. It is in
Champenois Pierre de Montereau au- ; going to Hungary a little before laSo,
thor of the nave of St Denis and master that the celebrated artist visited the mas-
of the works of St Louis. ter piece of Rheims and there took notes to
I will conclude that if it is just to leave be used in Cambrai and St Quentin.
the honour of the first Gothic style to His sketches very clear and intelligendy
the lie de France and to Picardie done, carefully point out interesting
that of the second period seems to particularities of outline and construction
be a creation of the work-rooms of insisting upon such and such typic details
Champagne . This opinion agrees that only a professional man will remark,
with the vast exterior influence of its as the strengthening of the small
School of Art in the xiiith and xivth central columns of the triforium,
centuries ; the ordinance of Notre-Dame which correspond to the mullions of the
of Rheims is imitated in Notre-Dame windows.
de Treves, at the same time as the plan The drawings of Vilard show us
of Rraine, its stuatuary is copied from the complete elevation of the choir and
Bamberg, at the same time as the towers nave it was concluded that the latter
^

of Laon ; its buttresses with hooks are was already vaulted in the second
reproduced in Wimpfen the absis , quarter of the xiiith century. This
of St Urbain of Troyes imitated in conclusion does not meet with my
the Cathedrals of Ratisbonne and of approval.
Famagouste, is associated in the latter In fact, if we observe the drawings
with a simplified imitation of the frontal in question, we may remark several
of Rheims. The porch of Salisbury dispositions which differ from what
reproduces those of Puiseaux and of we see, and all those differences concern
St Nicaise of Rheims :, the Cathedral the highest parts of the building.
of Limbourg imitates that of Laon, that Twovery notable particularities of
of Leon in Spain, is Champenoise ; at the not appear there
Cathedral do :

Burgos it is also the Cathedral of Rheims the hooks which ornament the slopes
that inspires the disposition of the gables of the buttresses, and the large galleries
of the transept. Even in France, our which crown the walls of the chapels
Cathedral was a classical model which and central vessel.
inspired more or less the three centuries Around the apsis, Vilard has repeated
during which the Gothic style lasted ;
between the buttresses and the cornice,
such as the Cathedral of Metz, the the angels and the canopies which
churches of Avioth, of St Quentin and crown the counterforts of the chapels,
in the xvth century Notre-Dame de whilst in that place we see small
TEpine. caryatids.
The master who began the collegial In the place of the actual small
of St Quentin, Vilard de Honnecourt, arcades, the chapels and the central
us in his celebrated album the testi-
left vessel possess a battlement (crestiaus) as
mony written and drawn of the admi- the commentary says. Now, the chapels
ration provoked by the Cathedral of crowning galleries were certainly foreseen

'9
L'ART ET LES ARTISTES

in the xilith century, because they are apsis was built up again with small pillars

joined to the abutments of the buttresses crowned with birds between the bays
with the help of bolts which are not and ridges covered with fleurs-de-lys
set, but placed there in the very course which the Revolution destroyed.
of the construction. In the course of the xixth century,
The Picard architect had then neither all the galleries very much damaged
seen high galleries, nor buttresses, nor were successfully built up again by the
consequently large vaults, and his architects Arveuf, VioUet le Due, Millet
drawings, at least those concerning and Ruprich-Robert. This latter one,

the highest parts, can only have been has restituted pretty exactly the model
copied from the plans which were com- given by a bolt of the former gallery of
municated to him on the building yard the nave. On the apsis, VioUet le Due,
he was visiting. A little after his visit, has interpreted the vestiges of the gallery
they were modified. belonging to the end of the xvth century.
The high galleries, which give such A great master who has sometimes,
a special appearance to the Cathedral of wrongly, been considered as the author
Rheims, have thusbeenconnived towards of the Cathedral, Robert de Luzarches,
1260, probably by Gaucher of Rheims. has directed the works only from 1290
They may have been suggested to him to about 1 3 1 1 as Mr Louis Demaison
,

by the open or solid galleries which has indicated. One may attribute to

reign on the highest part of the walls in him the highest part of the frontal with
certain Roman churches, to occupy the the kings' galleryand a certain number
space existing betwen the timber-work of the towers.
and the impost of the convex vaults. If It is only in the first half of the xvth
it is so, the imitation is very free. century that these towers were completed
Whatever its origin may be, this arran- but they were without doubt completed
gement has produced a school and we from the old plans not only the plan is
,

see the reproduction of it upon the Cathe- the same on the transept's towers,
as
drals of Prague, Ulm and Milan. but the flamboyant style hardly appears
The primitive galleries of Rheims in a few small details of the upper works.
were solid upon the chapels and doubtless The workmanship of those towers is
upon the apsis they have never been
; remarkable for its strength it is, in fact ,

extended to the side-aisles and those of composed almost exclusively of hori-


the nave, built up only in the xivthcentury zontal layers; the largest bays consist of
were crowned with pediments and per- enormous heaps of charge surmounted
haps open-worked in the tympans. only with a few arch-stones. Similar
All those galleries rose pretty high examples may be seen in some French
above the primitive gutters and were monuments belonging to the xivih cen-
doubled with a patrol-path having an tury in Famagouste.
embattled balustrade. This detail shows as others do, how
It is after the conflagration in 1481 anxious the great mastersof Rheims were
that the gutters built up again two yards to build a strong edifice. The power of
higher, made one with the patrol-path. its structure may be seen at the first

At the same epoch, the gallery of the glance in the apparatus which is compo-

20
fi: .!r M"nnincnts Hisloriques.

THE WEST PORTALS


Wall the Jehanne of Arc I'murc on horseback, bv Paul Dubois

I'll. ./iWo M<ut,t.

A PKOSl'ECT OK Tin: NOD 111 Sll'l Ol I UK SOI Tll-WES TERN FRONT (alter the bombardmonn
Ph. de^ Monuments
uments Hisioriques.
FBRXSEMENT OF SOUTH-WESTERN PORTAL, NORTH SIDE (betore the bombardment)
'

TWO APOSTLES, A POPE AND St SINICE, ARCHBISIIOF OF RHEIMS


A PROPHET,

Ph. des Monuments }lisloriques.

DETMLS OF SOUTH -WESTERN PORTAL


(before the bombardment)

22
THE CATHEDRAL OF RHEIMS

sed of layers reaching 40 centimeters^ a to a Champenois and Bourguignon


height quite exceptional in the Middle custom.
Ages. It would be a serious error to believe
The general forms are simple, the that Gothic architecture isalways fragile.
plan has not the development of those of The fine French edi rices at Chypre have
Amiens and Beauvais-, the deambulatory resisted several earthquakes and pro-
has only rive chapels, that of the Virgin longed bombardments. In its turn, the
hardly larger; then come two choir- powerful structure of Notre-Dame of
bays, a transept with collaterals, a nave Rheims has been defying for four months
and side-aisles without chapels. The the efforts of heavy ardllery. Unhap-
round pillars forrified with four columns, pily, if the damages are hmited, the
and the abutments of the buttresses beauty of the destroyed parts renders
present particularly imposing bulks. all the same the disaster immense, and
The elevation is of the greatest sim- if the construction is proof against the
plicity, there also a great power bombs, the incendiary shells have none
appears in the bulk ot the socles of the the less caused an immense and irre-
pillars exceptionally high. The capitals parable ruin in destroying completely
with tufty foliarions, bear arcades covered the timberworks and their plumbery
with vigorous mouldings. The group and in calcinadng a very large number
of those capitals presents an ingenious of the mcomparable sculptures.
harmony, the large ones as well as the If the masters of the work have

small ones possess the same octogonal known, as in Chartres, how to obtain
plan and the same relative propordons, an extreme firmness, they appear to
but under the lesser ones run a carved have been less in love with rigorous
frieze which prolongs them up to the level logic than with the beauty of forms.
of the astragal of the larger ones ; thus was If, for instance, the buttresses possess
obtained a horizontal line without chan- a perfectly well calculated inferior arch,
ging the form of the propordons and of they possess also a second one which is

the harmonius curve of the capitals of of no use, not even good for the running
the small columns. of the waters, and it on those very
is

The triforium is conform to the most arches that flew the waters coming from
ancient Gothic type : it is a simple series the spouts of the Xlilth century, a dan-
of small arcades resting in the choir gerous disposidon which was rectified
upon groups of small columns and in the xvth century.
pillars , in the nave, upon simple little The ornementation especially the
columns, the fenestrages all alike, possess statuary, holds an exceptional and
a double bay which sustains a large original part in this architecture. The
circle, festooned inwardly, this graceful counterforts of the six towers and the
and often imitated composition, char- abutment of the flying-buttresses are
med Vilard de Honnecourt. The great decorated with large recesses crowned
master has also noted with care the with rich turrets and sheltering colossal
inward boards, which pass upon the statues the three roses have discharge
;

sills of the higher and lower windows, arches, decorated like portals, with
going through the piles, according sculptured covings and piers with sta-

23
L'ART ET LES ARTISTES

tues ; smaller statues rest upon the coun- the apostles are in a row by his side ,

terforts and support the spouts or the on the tympan is carved a last Judgment,
cornices in the intervals of the high and on which, the sculptor, who knows all
low bays i
the capitals, cornices and about Antiquity, shows us Ancients
consoles present an admirable collection coming out of the incineration urns. This
of expressive and varied figures, alter- admirable portal has very much suffered
nating with beautiful foliage. In all from the last bombardments.
this statuary two subjects are preferred, The other porch is dedicated to the
the angels with their wings extended, Saints founders of the church of Rheims.
of a magnificent effect, and the studies the archbishops Remi and Nicaise :, the
of popular figures cleverly draped in martyrdom of this latter, by the Vandals,
the fine costume of the xilhh century. is related on an admirable frieze in high
Another original decoration consists and
relief; in another one which is a true
in the hooks which ornament the prophecy : we see St Remi driving away
buttresses it has been noticed that
: the devils who had set fire to Rheims.
they were not foreseen, but the drawings Above the portals is a row of three
of Vilard de Honnecourt show also that windows foreshortened to enlarge them
others existed on the hips of the roofs. since about 1240, then three bull's eye
On the North side of the nave a windows, then comes a largely scooped
very original small portal opened upon out story :, the unfinished towers possess
the ancient cloister. It is composed ot windows similar to that of the nave ,

pieces from various dates the seated : between them, under a discharge-arch
Virgin of the tympan and the coving richly ornamented, opens a large rose
in full centre which frames it, are window, higher up, a gallery, the top of
of the extreme end of the Xllth century, which was destroyed by the conflagra-
the second coving and its small columns, tion in 1 48 1 , this gallery still possesses
are of the middle of the xilith cen- small pillars against which lean statues
tury, one may wonder to which of of prophets. The Cathedral of Burgos
these two epochs belong the piers ot which reproduces the gables of the tran-
the oldest arcade, decorated with per- sept ot Rheims, shows, above a rose
sonages playing in vine-branches. In window of the same design, a copy of
all cases it an exquisitely fine piece.
is the gallery in its primitive state : the
It bears the remains of a painted small pillars bear a rich opened fenes-
decoration. trage and a horizontal crowning.
Two which open on
larger portals, In the frame of the large rose window,
the North-Side of the transept have one may admire in the piers the statues
certainly been added afterwards because of Adam and Eve, clothed as they were
theircrowning, hides the lowest part after their sin , the coving retraces their
of a
fenestrage. Their statues and history and those of Abel and Cain. In
tympans are of a great beauty and bear the recesses of the tower's counterforts,
the stamp of the year 1240 or there on theNorth as well as on the South-side,
about. One of the portals is that of the shelter superb and colossal statues of
Beau Dieu (fine God) and its blessing kings, one of which appears to be a
Christ is almost equal to that of Amiens, portrait of St Louis.

24
/*/l. lies Mouiimcnla Histttriijiu-

INK (iROUP or Tin: VISIIATION AM) I UK ANNONCIATION VIR(ilN


IN rilK EHRASEMKNT OK I UK MAIN POKTAI. before Ihc bombardment)

25
Ph. des Monuments Historiques.

A PROPHET
FIGURE OF THE UPRIGHT STONES OF SOUTH-WESTERN PORTAL

26
THE CATHEDRAL OF RHEIMS

The ordinance is the same as on the mediocre of all the sculpture in the
South-side of the transept, the gable has church. They represent, as in Amiens
also been
built up again in about and Paris, the kings of France, who
1 5oo ; ornamented with a coronation
it is appear also in the coloured windows.
of the Virgin in high relief, and bore upon One may see there Clovis in his bap-
its pinnacle a bronze centaur which has tismal vat by the side of St Remi and
just been destroyed. This Sagittarius five other personages. Behind the
aimed at the stag, also in bronze, Kings'Gallery, appears the top of the
which up to the Revolution was placed pinion, between the slender towers
on the top of the fountain in the hollowed out with large bays with
archbishopric. mullions and fortified with open-worked
The statues of the high gallery were turrets.
traditionally named the Seven Sages
All the bays are crowned with
The text which calls them so in 5o5 1 pediments, they lean against the first

must not be suspected. The middle assises of the unfinished steeples which
Ages honoured the philosophers of Anti- were to crown towers and turrets.
quity and at times associated them to the Though ended a little before 1480, these
prophets, as on the stalls of Ulm tor top stories of the towers are conformable
instance. to the balto of those of the transept and
These latter are represented with a to the primitive plan. The engraving
curious realism in the coving of the rose, we possess of the whole front of
on the which lean the large
piers of St Nicaise which the Revolution des-
statues of the churchand Synagogue imi- troyed, points out how graceful the
tated in Strasbourg and in Bamberg. effect of the frontage of Notre -Dame
Nothing in architecture is equal to with its steeples would have been.
the magnificence ot the westerly frontage Through a remarkable innovation,
which is to-day cruelly devastated. Its the tympans of the Western portal
composition is divided into four stories. are no longer low-reliefs but stained
The three immense portals crowned windows. The art of the statuary has
with pediments, lean at their extremities taken a revenge in the piers, covings,
upon counterforts ornamented with lintels and pediments, upon which we
other pediments and with sculptured see a profusion of imagery to magnify
tympans. in the large portal the Virgin Mary and
Above the central portal, the large in the lateral portals the Christ and the
rose opens between piers with statues Holy Patrons of the church of Rheims.
and under a sculptured coving leaning It is the repetition of the themes on the

against the two towers. The first story portals of the transept.
ot these towers possess two windows In this abundant iconography, the
with mullions and pediments. Higher statuary a little less ancient of the
up, the Kings'Gallery goes through all Northern and Central portals is dis-
the front. Its arcades, crowned with finguished by its incomparable beauty.
sharp pediments, frame colossal statues Not less remarkable are on the Southern
which probably belong to the reign of and central portals the statuettes which
Charles V and which are the most are placed on each course of stone of

27
L'ART ET LES ARTISTES

the door cases. They represent the untouched during the first month of the
Wise and Foolish Virgins, various other bombardment , since, it has been perfo-
symbols and personages from the Old rated with fragments of shells.
Testament. The tympans with pediments which
Let us mention as being particularly ornament two of the fronts of the
admirable pieces, upon the central portal, furthest counterforts of the frontage
the celebrated Visitation, inspired by much damaged on the South-side
are not
greek models the Annunciation a group
; where they represent St John, his mar-
of a sublime simplicity the four power- -, tyrdom and his apocaliptic visions, but
fully expressive personages of the they are completely ruined on the North-
Presentation, tw^o prophets inspired side, where could be seen episodes of the
from antique models, the finest of w^hich life of Christ and the Invention of the
has just been deteriorated, the beautiful True Cross by St Helena.
Virgin of the pier, shamefully injured Above the portals is the gallery
lately , the statues of Solomon and the called Gloria very much damaged.
Queen of Sheba, this one completely Between their pediments, under light
destroyed. stone canopies now sunk down, were
On the pediment also ruined now, placed statues of seated musicians ; at
one may see on a shady back-ground their feet some gutter-spouts figured the
a group highly set off and infinitely four Rivers of Paradise letfing their urns
graceful of the Coronation of the Virgin, run over.
which recalls the fine ivory one in the They had been made longer in the
Louvre. xvth century by dint of larger lead spouts
On the Northern portal almost totally similar to those which occupy the same
lost, the pediment was decorated with a place in Orvieto and which are made in
Crucifixion and on the calcinated lintel, bronze. One of them, which is very
one could see the story of St Paul's curious, faithfully represents a rhino-
Conversion, which was confinued on ceros, an animal which we imagine the
the Southern portal ; the statues of the Western people did not know before
splaying vied for their nobleness and 1739. Naturally the conflagration has
beauty with those of the great portal. destroyed the lead sponts.
Several of those master-pieces ; the On the coving of the large rose
St Nicaise with one of the Angels window, remarkable sculptures repre-
framing it, the St Clofilde, St Remi, sent the history of David and that of Solo-
St Thierri and St Sixte are destroyed as mon, whom we see, conversing with his
well as the face of the Queen of Sheba. architect. On the top, we see the fight
We have thus irremediably lost seven betwen David and Gohath on the piers \

first rate statues. lean, not a shepherd who would also be


The fine figure-heads of St John, David, but a pilgrim carrying a shell on
St Etienne, St Eutropie and of an apostle his pouch, and opposite a second pilgrim,
are only damaged, the covings are calci- with a hat on, who was also the object
nated and their faces have had pieces of various false interpretafions and can
scratched off the central portal has also
,
only be St James.
suffered ^ that of the South-side remained The basement of the three portals,

28
THE CATHEDRAL OF RHEIMS

is decorated with a running motive imi- neglected by the vandalism of the xviilth
tating the folds of hangings, this original century, on which was the portrait of
ornament was reproduced in Metz, one of the masters of the work seated
Avioth and I'Epine. at his writing-table. The greater part
The back of the frontal presents a of the painted- windows of the transept
singular arrangement in its ordinance, were remarkable grey camaieus.
the portals are framed with seven rows The central motive of the pavement
of superposed recesses which continue on a a labyrinth was a precious historical
,

the lateral portals pother recesses forming document which was destroyed in the
covings. Figures in high relief are framed xviiith century. As on that of the
there, they represent scenes of the oldTes- Cathedral of Amiens, the portraits and
tament, of the Acts of the Apostles, ofthe the names ofthe great masters had been
Apocalypse and of St Etienne's legend. traced. This detail as well as the icono-
These sculptures are as tine as those of graphy of the stained glass windows,
the outward statuary. We see on them show how exaggerated it was to pretend
exact reproductions of the roman mili- that our churches do not contain his-

tary costume. This very original deco- torical representations besides those
ration is completed with panels and angles borrowed from the illustrations of sacred
covered with ornaments representing texts.
the most varied vegetals; a charming The Cathedral was almost finished,
freedom is joined to a striking truth. when on the 19th of May 1364, the
The conflagration has destroyed about coronation of Charles V was celebrated
and beautiful work.
the half of this vast in the presence of the Emperor
The Cathedral had kept except on Charles IV and Pierre 1st of Lusignan,
its side-aisles, its primitive stained glass the vaUant and chivalrous sovereign
windows of the xiilih century they i
ofthe small French kingdom of Chypre.
were among the best, and their historical The researches of Mr Louis Demaison
interest was exceptional. In fact images have brought to light the names of the
ot saints alternated with effigies masters who, slowly, but without any
of prelates and kings. There was, in work through
interruption continued the
the background of the apsis, the portrait all the vicissitudes, of the Hundred
of the archbishop Henri of Braine years war. They are in i32S Colard ;

{\ 22^-1 240) particularly interesting as in 1 352, 1 358 and i383 Gilles


1389 ; in
it attests the date of the Consecration, if Jean de Dijon, who was called for a
not of the completion of the sanctuary. consultation in Troyes and who died in
In the south-side of the transept, another 141 6. At this time, Colard de Givry
effigy of an archbishop accompanied took the direction of the works and
the representation of the metropolitan remained thirty six years in function.
church, whilst in the nave came in a He ended the crowning of the towers
row the effigies ofthe suffragan churches keeping to them the style of the xivih
and and the long theory
their bishops, century he built up a graceful pulpit,
;

of the kings crowned in Rheims. On the drawing of which has come down
the west of the Northern side-aisle, to us but was destroyed in the xviiith
was a fragment of a painted-window century. He died in 1452.

29
L'ART ET LES ARTISTES

After him, they only kept the destroyed, was a real marvel. It was
Cathedral in repair. But he was the entirely made of chesnut-tree wood cove-
greatest artist of all our xvth century red with lead with a top ornamented
and his memory still remains. with fleurs-de-lys that the Revolution
France was rich then in generous destroyed, but we still posses an engra-
energy and in valorous and clever cap- ving of it made in the xviith century.
tains the enemy was victorious and trod
-, It possesses a small bell-tower at the
on more than two thirds of our soil, extreme end of the ridge, above the
making a profit of the disunions, distrusts, apsis, and a large bell-tower in the
jealou^^ies and indecision which reigned centre of the transept. Only the first

among us. It is then that, speaking in one had been finished :,


it was called
the name of God, a noble girl of our the Angel's steeples because ot a
Eastern provinces made her voice heard bronze statuette which formed its wea-
and realized the union of French people. thercock.
Who, during the days we pass As for the other, the foundation only
through, could still believe that the had been made and placed on four
mission of Joan of Arc was due to a large masonry arches, but a plan publis-
miracle ? hed by abbe Cerf shows what it was to
In the month of .July 1429, Joan and have been, with its two superposed
Charles VII appeared before Rheims; galleries, one of them being double, and
the enemies left the place immediately, its turrets. The height which had been
and on the 17th the King of France was foreseen was of about 3o yards, from1

crowned. The Cathedral, was very near the top part of the roof. This bell-tower
being finished, when a fortuitous tire was to contain a clock and a set of bells.
destroyed it in 1481. The roof disap- The Angel's steeple which has just

peared with its timber central steeple-, been destroyed in the flames, was a
the galleries and the top of the towers marvel of wood and lead work. The
were calcinated. In the reparation angel of the weathercock, taken down
which followed, a part of those tops a little while ago, has been found among
was suppressed, the transept gables the ruins of the work-yards. It is a

were up again, and the high galleries


built rough piece of work, different from the
repaired. The roofs were rebuilt with eight colossal Caryatids leaning against
a surelevation of about two yards at the basis of the bell-tower to support
their basis upon the sanctuary and the the balcony surrounding it. The figures
transept, a little less upon the nave. At of men in various costumes of the end of
the same time, the gutters were made of the xvth century, were powerfully ori-
the same height and made one with the ginal and expressive. According to a
patrol-path. Then the former spouts, proceeding in usage in all the Middle
which were prejudicial to the buttresses Ages, they were vigorously carved out
were comdemned and replaced by lead of massive wood and covered with lead
spouts placed in the centre of the bays. worked on this wood. The two iron
The gables also, were rebuilt. pegs which bound these statues to the
The wood-work coming from the end posts were the only metal pieces in all
of the xvih century, which has just been the wood-work.

3o
Ph. I,ir,iiui.:n.

THE VIRi.lN OF IIIE MAIN PORTAL


now almost destroyed by boinb.irdnicnt
a have never seen sunshine illuminate a more glorious model than in the ^aults of the portals
I

of Rheims. I'he Virgin triumphs in the upper-peJiment : a woman s coronation, divine


gesture, to which men associate themselves with Angels, charmed servants. Triumph ol
sweetness, apotheosis of tibcilicnce.
I'his radiant one, hold.s her child, (iods son. Is not the child of every woman Gods son ?
Roots. (The Cathedrals.)

3i
Enlart

THE QUEEN OF SABA


ADMIRABLE FIGURE OK THE FRONT-GATE
ANNIHILATED BY BOMBARDMENT
Moulds of it exist happily in the Museum of compared Sculpture

32
THE CATHEDRAL OF RHEIMS

Of this master-piece of art which placed on the towers, no army or battery


seven centuries had agreed admire in
to was left around
towers hoisted
: the
spite of all the fluctuations of taste and only the flag of the Red-Cross, and the
which had imposed respect to the most pretext given was only an impudent lie
fanatic inoclasts the Germans were to among many others. The enemy also
make a ruin. knew, through his numerous spies, that
On the 4th of September they had since Wednesday the nth the general
occupied the town, where the Saxons, Franchet d'Esperay had had numerous
through an error they declared to he French and German wounded soldiers
involontary, bombarded the Prussians. taken into the church.
The Cathedral then received four shells. The parts of the Cathedral which
The troops occupying the town, had oflfered themselves to the strokes of the
taken an enormous quantity of straw and enemy, were the apsis, the roofs and
had spread it in the whole church to the North- frontage.
place there their wounded soldiers. As The apsis had from the very begin-
they were obliged in the evening of the ning its stained glass windows broken
1 2th to evacuate Rheims, they retired and a top bar of a buttress thrown down
on the heights of BrimontandBeru, and a httle later; since then, a hole was made
from there have never since stopped in its high gallery, howitzer-shells dama-
bombarding the town. The 19th and ged theoutside, others burst inthe inside.
23rd of September have particularly As to the North-frontage, it was
been disastrous about a
to the old city, pierced all over and the top of the tower
third of which was then destroyed Since . on that side was deteriorated. Heavy
then the ravages have been methodically weights slid down through the shock
pursued by the batteries of 220. of a large projectile. Every where the
This bombardment which has no summits of the buttresses have fallen to
preceding example in the whole of pieces and many a fine piece of statuary
history is specially directed against the been mutilated. Incendiary shells have
hospitals, the monuments of art and the completed this infamous work in setting
commercial houses. It comes from a fire at the same time to the roofs and the
mind incomprehensible in civilized scaffoldings surrounding the North-tower
beings, but which in brutes is clearly which was being repaired.
explained by low envy and the instinct of Of the large chestnut-tree forest
evil, surexcited by the enervating state of which formed the and the Angel's
roofs
drunkenness and the rage of defeat. steeple, nothing remains, not even the
To the indignant protestations of the cinders, blown away by the wind.
civilized world, Germany has officially The fire of the side-aisles roofs has
answered that a military observation- calcinated the buttresses and the front
post and a mitrailleuse had been placed of the nave with their sculptures , the
on the church towers and that troops lead of the stained glass windows has
and batteries were disposed around. been melted, the blast of air of the
In truth, the observation-post was placed explosions dislocating them ; the lead-
there by the Germans and suppressed work of the covers got so liquid that
after their departure no cannon was
; the metal in fusion ran down into the

33
L'ART ET LES ARTISTES

least little crack, filled the gutters, touched from a distance, such as the
obturated the spouts and coagulated high galleries or the small columns of
into stalactites at their mouth. Through the edicules of the abutments have been
the openings ot the vault it trinkled calcinated and will soon tumble to pieces
inside the church and the rain of inca- under the action of inclement weather.
descent metal set fire to the straw which Through a happy chance, the half
communicated it to the wainscoting. of the stalls, the organ and the precious
Many of the wounded sheltering in the clock of the xivth century have escaped
Cathedral were saved, thanks to the destruction.
devotion of the members of the am- On the other side, we must parti-
bulance and to the courage and self- cularly deplore the loss of numerous
control of the arch priest Mr Landrieux sculptures which had not been moulded.
and However about fifteen
his clergy. Some of them are not even represented
of the wounded German soldiers were in the collections of photographs, rich
burnt alive in the Cathedral and its as those collections may be.
dependances, vicfims of their compa- Because ot the disaster the good
triot's cruelty. The vast brazier lighted reproducfions become infinitely precious
inside, calcinated the foundations of the to us. A few admirable statues the :

pillarsand a large part of the admirable destroyed Queen of Sheba, a beheaded


sculptures on the back of the front, angel, the bust of St Nicaise survive
especially around the lateral portals in the mouldings in the Trocadero ; the
which were doubled with large oak excellent drawings of Mr Deneux the
tambours dating from Louis XV, coming architect keep the precious remembrance
from St Nicaise. They hid numerous of the lead bell-tower with its caryatids
sculptures and they destroyed them in and that of the wood-work, and
burning. unhappily a considerable
It is Mr Hamy a member of the Academy
and evidently very beautiful part of the of Sciences, has taken a good stereotype
Cathedral's decoration that none of our ot the inside of the roofs.
contemporaries had ever seen, which The buildings of the architect's office
has just perished, and of which we have fallen down, crushing under their
possess no reproduction. ruins the whole of a Museum in which
The fire in the wood work extended were kept the remains of the pulpit of
in the towers to the belfry and to the the xvth century, found
under the choir
bells, which broke in their fall. In the pavement and many other interesfing
inside the North-tower around which things.
was a burning sjafiolding was calcinated The conflagration spread on to the
from top to bottom, the blazing beams archbishops'palace and destroyed it

fell upon the pediment of the portals completely with all the treasures it

and their ruins formed under the North contained. Of the interesting chapel
one a vast brazier which made all the built by Jean d'Orbais, the roofs alone
sculptures blaze out. have been destroyed but the large
The photographs do not show all the festival-room, with its beautiful wooden
extent of the disaster, because some vault and its chimney, the whole dafing
parts of the edifice which seem un- from 1498, and with its tapestries of

34
I'ft, (it'off^^es Iluarl. I'h. titorges lltiarL

HIE ANGEL BELFRV ANNIHILATED BV FIRE DETAIL OF THE LEADEN FIGURES SUPPORTING
THE ENTABLATURES OF THE ANGEL BELFRY
entirely destroyed hy fire.

Ph. Ill's M'niumcnts //i.sfri i./m %

IHI i.HIAI H\ll OF rilE ARCIIBISHOP S PALACE


Built by cardinal Bri<;onnet, this hall was used for the coronation banquets, had conserved its wood work
and chimney of i4t)H ; its pictures dated from Charles X. The lire has completely destroyed it.

35
Cliche de i'lilustration.

THE NORTH-WESTERN PORTAL BEFORE THE BOMBARDMENT

36
THE CATHEDRAL OF RHEIMS

the xviith century, is irretrievably lost. makers have predicted the final triumph
All that remains of the palace of the of Justice ? Jesus appears there glorified
and fallen
xviiith century are calcinated by the very wounds which His cowardly
down walls. There, have perished tormentors inflicted on Him and as a
cardinal Doucet's fine library, the supreme arbiter renders the irrevocable
Gobelins set of furniture given by sentence. He calls to Him those who
Charles X, and all the town archeo- are just and hollows out for ever an
logical museum, lately fitted up in abyss between them and the damned, cut
seven rooms. It contained among other off from the healthy part of mankind.
richnesses Dr Gueillot's beautiful Cham- The disgraced beings who have denied
penoise ethnography collection and honour and conscience, who have spread
the very precious collection of gallo- sufferings and blasphemed God, fly to
roman antiquities gathered together by escape from the eternal maledicfion.
Mr Bertrand. When the mutilated Cathedral will at
The most irreperable loss is that of last resound with the Te Deum of deli-
the bronze stand of St Remi's large verance, we shall have to attentively
chandelier, a piece of work as rare as keep all that remains of its beauty.
admirable, coming from the xiuh century, And is it not a part of its moral beauty to
anterior to the celebrated Milan chan- have endured the outrages of the vilest
delier with which it had much analogy. of men ? - To obliterate their traces
The treasure of the Cathedral : would be another sacrilege, for we owe
chalice and chasuble of the xilth century our children a lesson which will preserve
said to have belonged to St Remi, them for ever from holding out a hand
St Epine's reliquary and St Ursula's to the representatives of a dishonoured
nave, as well as the Gothic tapestries had race.
been put safely away but the great ,
Without prejudging the measures
carpet of the coronation has perished. which the Commission of Historical
Out of this stupid crime of the Monuments will take, a member of
Germans comes for them a cruel irony, which 1 have the honour of being, 1
because the sculptures they could not wish man not to try and render to us
destroy take the aspect of an eloquent what cannot be restituted we know :

charge against them. On the degraded to-day how delusive imitafion is. 1

we see David, a
frontispiece of the basilic wish and I ask that we should leave as
wretched shepherd killing the
little they are and for the edification of future
insolent giant Goliath on the North it is
; humanity a few proofs of Teutonic
the divine Malediction striking Cain, infamy ; that the North- West portal be
murderer of his brother and all his race ,
kept with its tragical ruined aspect, closed
it is the glorification of St Nicaise, martyr with a marble plate which will bear the
of the Vandals and one may see St Remi date of the crime, to eternize the infamy
driving away the devils who had set fire of its authors.
to his town. In short, who would not Camille Enlart,
trust the presages in seeing untouched in Conservator of the compared sculpture Museum
the middle of the cinders the two pictures of the Trocadero,
^f ember of the Commission
of the Judgment, in which the old image- of Historical Monuments.
;

The Bombardment of Rheims Cathedral

OFFICIAL REPORT
Bordeaux October 8th. Every thing fell in under the vaults which no
soon as he heard of the bombardment of
AS Rheims Cathedral, the Minister of Public
doubt were damaged by flames but did not give
way.
Instruction appointed a Commission to record On the other hand, the stones near the great
with full particulars the damage done to the gallery crowning the walls & the galleries under
Cathedral. The Commission composed ot the large windows have been split & charred.
M. Dalimier, under-secretary of state for Fine- The bell-tower has been entirely consumed
Arts, President, & the following members : by flames; the bells which fell on the lower
MM. Paul Leon, head of the Architectural vault without crushing it have been partly
Department of the under-secretary's office for melted, the sounding-boards remaining un-
Fine-Arts; Girault, inspector of Public Buil- touched.
dings member of the Institute ; Boeswilhvald The flames blown by the wind against the
and Genuys, general inspectors of Historical walls have calcinated the stones, breaking down
Buildings and Puthomme chief comptroller of some of the statues decorating the portal at the
architectural works, went to Rheims to ascer- foot of this tower as well as the curves of the
tain & draw up an official report of the state of arches stretching over the doorway crowned by
the Cathedral. a gable in which stands a representation of the
To complete the somewhat scanty infor- Crucifixion. The damage has reached the
mation issued after the first enquiry we add pinnacles rising above the buttresses & even the

some striking extracts so far unpublished gallery of the kings.
from the report of the commission. The right side of this portal has been less
All the houses in the immediate neigh- injured ; the other portals have scarcely been
bourhood have been torn open & burned ;
hit by the shells.
and in the midst of the ruins the Cathedral Inside the building wounded German soldiers
has been hit by about thirty shells which in had been on straw, the shells set the straw
laid
exploding smashed the stone, broke the stained ablaze shattering the moulding of the base of
glass windows & set ablaze all that was inflam- the columns of the nave, burning the wooden
mable. tambours of the doors together with the doors
The shells, the fragments of which riddled themselves. The fire destroyed the statues
the whole building, but chiefly the upper part of placed in the niches in the interior of the church,
the northern tower, crushing down the angle on the right & left of the door in the southern
of a turret & piercing the wall of the tower, portal. Lastly all the glass was damaged by
weighing down on the neighbouring course so the explosion of the shells; half the glass of the
as to displace it; one shell carried off the upper upper rose window has been shattered to pieces
part of a flying buttress, another smashed the that in the tracery work above the north &
stone of the glacis of the bays of the tower, south portals has also been destroyed, the rose
another split open a flight of stairs breaking window above the central portal has been
the steps, another overthrew part of the balus- riddled but the glass is still remaining.
trade of the main fagade under the rose window. To sum up, the Cathedral has been disfigured
The greatest damage was done by the fire in its general outlines & the details of its deco-
caused by the shells; nothing remains of the roof ration; true, its mighty construction resisted
of the nave, transepts, choir, apse & aisles ;
to a certain extent the force of the shells
only a few chapels have kept their roofing all ; but its admirable sculptures will never be
but this has been burnt to ashes; timber slates renewed & for ever it will bear the marks of a
destroyed, the iron-work twisted &
lead-work vandalism beyond all one has ever heard or
melted. imagined.

38
i^^W^<Ji^^PB^WMBHiWWI^S\'^^^^^*^^^Ww*^^fc'

Cliclii; Je llllusiralion.

THE NORTII-WKSIKKN I'oRIAl. AFIER THE ISOMliARDMENT

39
Pk. des Monuments llistoriques.

HEAD OF rilE VIRGIN


FlluM THE GROUP 01 THE PRESENTATION CENTRAL PORTAL

Ph- ciefi Monumenls llistoyiqucs.


I'll, dcs Monuments iiislonqucs.

CORBEL AND CARYATID BULL-SPOUT


HORNS AND EARS BROKEN (XllUh CENTURY)
SIPPORTING A STATUE OF THE WEST PORTALS

40

PROTESTATIONS
ms is nothing hut the very incomplete reproduction of the first
protestations which arise Hke a clamour of anger and sorrow at
the first account of the ruin of the cathedral ; others, no less full of
indignation, are continually expressed by the whole world and
with an every day increasing vehemency, in presence of the hateful
animosity of profanation. A volume could hardly suffice to
contain them. But they are all summed up by these revengeful sentences of
MM. Anatole France and Theophile Homolie.
They have covered themselves with immortal infamy, writes the first,
a

and the German name has become execrable to the whole thinking world.
Irreparable disaster, exclaims M. Homolie, eternal ignominy for its

author, a motive always sacred of inexpiable aversion holy and inexpressible


contempt from every feeling and thinking man. Grievous aureola on the noble
and inoffensive victims head, sisters of Athenean Virgins by suffering, as they
were already, by beauty.

Bordeaux, September 21st. Paris, September 20 1914.

At a french Cabinet Council held this Mr Mayor,


morning, presided over by Mr Poincare, The crime has been consummated. The
Mr Delcasse, the minister for Foreign Affairs
Cathedral of Rheims has been bombarded.
presented, against the destruction of Rheims
The masterpieces of French sculpture have
Cathedral a protest which will he forwarded to The kings, saints and
been shattered to pieces.
the governments ot the neutral countries. The manly
angels which perpetuated the loyal and
text is as follows.
genius of the west have been enveloped in a
Without being able to invoke the slightest
storm of iron, and the grandiose forest which
pretext of a military necessity, but for the mere
served as a framework of the marvellous
pleasure of destruction, the German troops
building is the prey of the frames. This act
have subjected the Cathedral of Rheims to a
been accomplished without
of savagery has
systematic and furious bombardment. The military reasons, with implacable fury, in all
famous basilica is now nothing but a heap of
the idiocy of hatred.
ruins.
A man has been found in the world capable
It isthedutyoftheGovernmcnt todenouncc
of giving such an order.
amid universal indignation this revolting act of cannot contain my indignation, Mr Mayor,
I

vandalism, which by handing over to the moment this great crime has been
and at the
flames a sanctuary of our history has robbed wish to sympathise with the pain
committed 1

humanity of an incomparable portion of its


of the whole world. The outrage committed
artistic patrimony.
upon your city touches us ail. It redoubles
our fervent love for our country. The greater
The President of the Paris Municipal Council
the suffering, the firmer the hope.
has e.xpressed in the aboveterms, the stupe-
I beg you, Mr Mayor to accept the expression
faction and indignation which have come upon
the Parisian people, like upon the whole of of my keenest sympathy.

France, when they were reached by the tidings Adrien Mithoiiaro,


of the German armies new crime : President the of Paris Municipal Council.

4'
:

L'ART ET LES ARTISTES

In answer, Mr Adrien Mithouard received toric city of Troyes and its treasures of art
the following telegram : when Troyes fell withen the area of his mili-

Read your letter in newspapers. Thanking tary operations


you for manifestation of sympathy, in behalf In spite ot regrets that Germany appears
of the disasters which strike, with our own city to express, it is impossible to forbear that
quite the whole of France. conclusion : The Rheims Cathedral has been
The bombardment and the burning of our the mark to a stupid attempt of destruction.
cathedral, the destruction of a part of the town,
jg
of its industrial buildings, numerous victims
among the civilian people, all this together The New York Times
makes a peculiar contrast with the declarations THE GREAT CRIME OF RHEIMS
often repeated by the Germans, during the occu- After Louvain, Aerschot and Termonde,
pation, that they were not Barbarians, but a Rheims, a city whose art treasures expressed
nation of high culture. the noblest spirit of the mediaeval world and
Our culture is a different one. the Renaissance, a city whose very pavements
The sad butdignified and quiet attitude of were historic has been reduced to ashes
the Remois in the presence of exorbitant claims The crime affects all the civilized world.
conveys the proof of that. The great cathedral was the very epitome of
Sincere salute from our city to Paris, of French history, the beautiful symbol of the
which I have seen the siege, in 1870. growth of a mighty nation. Granted that the
May the sacrifice of the beauty and the war is excusable from any point of view, the
greatness of our city be the ransom of the final priceless treasure of Rheims which belongs to
salvation, eagerly hoped ot the country. all Christendom might have been spared.
D'' Langlet,
Mayor of Reims.

JS JS JS The New York Tribune :

THE CRIME OF RHEIMS


THE AMERICAN NEWS PAPERS
Germany has definitely repudiated her old
The New York Herald :
fidelities to the things of the mind and spirit.
The Germans have bombarded the Rheims Evidence of decadence in that German culture
cathedral, the savage destroyers of Lou vain, of which we hear so much abounds. Into
Termonde and Malines go on with their crazy German litterature and art pictorial, musical
devastation. The Kaiser being unable to see and dramatic, there has been creeping
there his own sacre, is contented with massacre something much worse than bad taste, from
and fights with the monuments of secular which Germany has never been free in modern
beauty. When the hideousness of the monu- times, something evilly gross. Doubtless we
ments of Berlin isremembered, one understands shall hear again of the Kaiser's bleeding heart,
that any reprisal will be impossible, even if we but no banalities of that sort can blind us to
are content to have it but if the Jewel of Rheims
; what looks like congenital insensitiveness in
is undone, what punishment, could the allies the German nature to the obligations of civi-
inflict upon the guilty ? There is nothing but lised man.
this to deprive them, henceforth, of any
:

claim to art, to beauty ; to seize upon their


The Chicago Daily News :
libraries, museums works of international
genius Destruction by German shells of the ancient
they are no longer worthy of them.
:

Let them keep the ghastly Allee des ance- cathedrals of Rheims and Soissons brings to

tres . It is enough for them.


Americans a vivid picture of the ruthlessness
of war. Rheims is in the tourists' path. The
M purity of the thirteenth century Gothic archi-
The New York Sun :
tecture of its cathedral has made it known to
Louvain and Rheims Even Attila, king of ! thousands who have never visited Europe.
the Huns, the scourge of God, spared the his- The fate of Rheims and Soissons serves to
..

/'/(, lies Moll luiiLiUs Ihslurhjues I'll Jcs M<.uuincnt. II,,,..' ..

ST JDIIN THE BAPTIST PREACHING THE BEARING Ot THE CROSS


SCULPTURKS OF IIIE NORTH COUNTERFORT COVINGS OF THE NORTH-WEST PORTAL
OKTiiK FRONTAGE (destroyed bv the bombardment) destroyed bv the bombardment.

i ,; ..', . MimitJtcnts lliston.jiws


I'h. dcs MuntimctiL'i liistoritjitfs.
Sr PAUL STRirCK Wmi CEl.llV sr PETER CITTING OFF MAI.CIICS'S
BROUGHT TO ANANIAS WHO CtRKS HIM EAR COVINGS OF THE N0R1-WEST PORTAL
iltOUP OF THE LINTEL OF THE SOUTH EST PORTAL destroyed bv the bombardment.

43
Ph. Jules Matoi

ASPECT OF THE PARVIS DURING THE GERMAN OCCUPATION


FROM THE 4th TO THE 12th OF SEPTEMBER
The German have only occupied mihtarily the Cathedral and its outslcirts.
At the back, the scaffolding which in burning calcinated the tower and North-Portal.

Ph. Jules Matot.

FIRST EFFECTS OF THE INCENDIARY SHELLS

An hour after, the destructive work was accomplished.

44
: :

PROTESTATIONS

mark with particular emphasis the barbarous The Public Ledger


side of the war. The sacking of Louvain has hardly ceased to
The age that has regarded itself as the most be a matter of world-wide outcrv against such
civilized is producing the greatest destruction. inexcusable barbarity when comes an official
report that the Cathedral of Rheims, one of the
most glorious examples of Gothic art in the
world and a historic monument of the first
The New York World :

rank has fallen before the German guns and is


Prussian militarism has outdone the records
in ruins. If the Cathedral chapter was merci-
of the vandalism through the time
fully using the great edifice as a hospital, and
Since the ruin of the Parthenon, no
has flown the red cross flag from its fretted
like deed has affronted the world as does this.
towers, its destruction takes on an even darker
hue.

Scribner's Magazine :

December 1914.
THE ENGLISH NEWS PAPERS
THE FIELD OF ART
The Daily Mail
And the churches, those matchless mo-
The fire started between four and five o'clock,
numents, four, five, and six centuries old,
on Saturday afternoon. All day long, shells
where generations have brought all their best to
had been crashing into the town. At least five-
glorify God, where glass and sculpture, tapes-
hundred fell between the early morning, when
tries and fretted woodwork, pictures, and gold
the bombardment began, and sunset. A whole
and silver wrought cunningly into immortal
quarter of the city, several hundred yards square,
art how are we to speak of these, or think
had been set on fire, and street after street in
of them, with St Pierre of Louvain and
succession was lined with blazing houses and
StRombaultof Malines still smoking with their
shops.
dying fires, while piece by piece the calcined
On Saturday morning, however the German
stone falls in the embers, and while Rheims,
batteries on the hill of Nogent-l'Abbesse, four
one of the wonders of the world, stands gaunt
miles east of Rheims, began to make the great
and shattered, wrecked by bombs, swept by
Gothic pile, that towers high above the low-
fire, its windows that rivalled Chartres split
into irremediable ruin, its statues devastated, lying town, a deliberately chosen mark. Shell
after shell smashed its way into the old ma-
that once stood on a level with the sculptures
sonry. Avalanche after avalanche of stone-
of Greece ?
work that had survived the storms of centuries,
The catastrophe itself it so unthinkable that
and was good to stand for as many more, thun-
the world does not now half-realize it
dered down into the deserted streets around.
There is a thin and sinister philosophy
Finally, at 4.80, the scaffolding that sur-
that avows no building, no consummate work
rounded the end of the cathedral, where
east
of art of any kind worth the bones of a
some repairs had been going on before the war,
Pomeranian grenadicr justifying its statement
caught fire. Soon the whole network of poles
on the basis of a superficial humanism. Never
and planks was blazing. Burning splinters
was a more malignant ethic
fell upon the roof, whose old oak timbers
caught like tinder.
Soon the roof of the nave and transepts was
The New York Evening Sun :
a roaring furnace of fire, and high tongues of
There is one thing that every art lover in the flame leapt up the towers at the western end.
world must now hope for, and that is that, A blazing piece of carved woodwork crashed
having destroyed Rheims Cathedral German down on to the floor of the cathedral, where the
culture will not be permitted to remain in Germans had accumulated great piles of straw,
Champagne long enough to restore it. One intending to convert the place into a hospital.
tragedy is enough. Instantly, panellings, altars, confessionnals

45
: : :

L'ART ET LES ARTIST ES

and chairs were devoured by the leaping flames, is one which covers with fresh shame and
that scorched and cracked the grey stone walls. horror the German name and is altogether
The German wounded, about twenty of incapable of palliation.
whom had been carried into the cathedral on
thursday,- would certainly have been burnt
alive by the devilish efforts of their countrymen The Daily Chronicle
if French army doctors with their bearers
several To the French nation this appalling act
had not carried them one by one, incurring of vandalism, which even Louvain in
puts
personal risk, out of the church, by one of the the must appear on national and
shade,
side doors historic grounds somewhat as the destruction
From the hills around, the flaming Cathe- of Westmmster Abbey would appear to us.
dral was an even more impressive sight than it But the whole of mankind loses in it (the
would have been in the streets of the town Cathedral) one of the greatest works ever
itself. From the yawning roof a red glare reared by man. It is not possible to rank such
poured up into the dark sky, and its windows masterpieces exactly on a scale of merit, like
flickered with the light of the dancing flames boys in a class-list or horses in a race; but
within. it may be said with confidence that there
And so night closed down..... were not more than half a dozen Gothic
churches in Europe on an equality with Rheims
Cathedral, and none very definitely its superior.
The Times French Gothic architecture (of which the
The Kaiser has outdone
the impious crime ol Gothic schools of England, Spain, the Low
Louvain he has destroyed the glorious Cathe-
;
Countries, and the Rhine are, for all their
dral of Rheims, a noble heritage from the age peculiar beauties, only derivatives) reached
of Faith, wich belonged not to France alone, nowhere a more splendid attainment. It has
but to the whole world. been destroyed by the German guns for no
We ought to have foreseen this crowning conceivable military object, except the general
atrocity, for Rheims is hallowed ground to the object of terrorising France and the hipocri-
;

modern Attila and lo every Hun. The first ticalmessage from the German head-quarters,
Attila came there with his ravening horde, saying that orders have been given to spare it,
sacked the city and put its inhabitants to after they must know well that they have
the sword abready destroyed it, adds the last possible
Rheims Cathedral has been destroyed touch of odium to this hideous performance.
in a fit of insensate rage at the success of
French resistance.
The Germans have broken the Cross The Evening Standard
in two 1
The German statesmen, having accomplished
JS their task so that humanity cannot be confident
The Daily Telegraph: in Germany, the soldier has achieved the design
by the demonstration that the Germans can
Furnishes the caustic comment :

never more themselves amid civilised


It is a German act no more need be
people.
place

said .

The Daily Mail: The Pall Mall Gazette :

A DELIBERATE CRIME If the Kaiser's hordes are unable to conquer


The excuse which the German General France, they show, at least that they can
Staff has desingenuously attempted to offer and her memories The
strike her in her love
for thewanton and sacrilegious bombardment destruction of the Rheims Cathedral is the
of Rheims Cathedral will not for one moment most barbarous action of the German brute>
impose upon the civilised world. The deed before he is bound up in chains.

46
THE CRIME OF SEPTEMBER igth

DRAWING OF M. G. FRAIPONT TAKEN FROM THE ORIGINAL


One sees French soldiers proceeding to the rescue of the wounded German soldiers,
who were in the Cathedral.

47
ASPECT OF THK NAVK IMRINC, THE OCCIPATION
(FROM THE Jlh TO IHK 121I1 OK SEPTF.MBERI
The Straw brought in to be used as litter tor the wounded
German soldiers, has partly been the cause of the inner conllagration.

i'h. iiu (^ap. (irani'iltc Fortescue.

A WOUN'OEt) (lER.MAN RN r ALIVE BY IllS COMPATRIOTS


HI

IN THE CATHEORAI. OE RHEIMS

4Q
ph. Jutes Matut.

IHE TOP OF THE TOWERS SINCE THE BOMBARDMENT


The North-West one is totally calcinated and its top is seriously damaged by the shells.

PA. Jii/es Matui.

VIEW OF THE SOUTH-WEST TOWER, TAKEN AFTER THE FIRE OF THE ROPS
EAST PART OF THE CATHEDRAL AND CHAPEU OF THE ARCHBISHOPRIC

5o
; : :

PROTESTATIONS

The Daily Express : was Haifa century after, civilisation


respected.

a crime against humanity, but that has made a step backwards.


It is

crime itself will induce the French to render This act destroys all the ingenious apologies
more complete the slaughter of the Germans. for German war methods. No chivalrous act
whatever can now efface this useless barbarism,
the foolish outcome of wounded vanity and
ruffled pride,
Daily Mail Year book :

THE SH-VMEFUL INJURIES TO RHEIMS CATHEDRAL


M
L' Italia :
Architecturally speaking, the blackest deed
In the whole civilised world, a cry of horror
perpetrated by the German armies was the des-
and indignation will arise to stigmatize that
truction of Rheims Cathedral on September 19.
barbarous act.
The walls and towers still stand, it is true ; but
the beautiful Gothicornament on the former,
was
particularly that of the glorious west front, La Stampa
scarred and broken, and one at base of the
This jewel of arclutecture and sculpture so
towers was badly damaged. The fact that
dear to France not only for its beauty, but
anything at all was left standing is probably
for so many glorious events, among which
due to the unusual strength of the masonry by the side of
the Charles VII consecration
the blocks of martilly stone, many of them
Jehanne of Arc, is reduced to ashes by
bearing the mason's sign or mark, are some-
means of theGerman grenades. The civilised
times as much as 12 feet by 3 feet 6 inches unconceivable
world will bear that like an
in area.
offence.
But the great rose windows above the main M
portal and in the transepts, and the rest of
La Tribuna :

the magnificent stained glass, nearly all ot it

by craftsmen of the fourteenth century, were


One explanation may be : it is the feud of
the retreat.
shattered to fragments and their peculiarly
jg JS Jt
rich colours can never be replaced. Rheims
Cathedral, the Coronation church of the French THE SPANISH NEWS PAPERS
Kings from onwards was undoub-
Clovis
tedly the model for Westminster Abbey ;
El Liberal (Madrid) ;

sir Gilbert Scott was doubtless thinking of Up to the present, the cult and the religion
this when he wrote of the latter as a great of art have been universal. Even in Spain, the
French thought expressed in excellent English . country which the Germans have always
described as fanatic and inquisitorial, the
M iS JS
Catholicism has respected the Cordova Mos-
THE ITALIAN NEWS PAPERS quee and many other marvels of the Jewish
art. The Low Countries were the scene of
U Giornale d' Italia : long and bitter religious wars which lasted
Germany is entitled to the gratitude of the a century, and not a single Flemish chef-
d'oeuvre suffered. In common with the Repu-
civilised world for many reasons, but when
the excitement of war induces her children to blican Government of our neighbours, we
protest energetically before Europe and Ame-
mistake brutality for force, one recalls the infa-
mous deeds of the Germans under Frundsberg rica against these monstruous acts.

at the sack of Rome, or the deeds of the bands


of Wallenstein in the cruel Thirty-years war.
JS M M
The burning of the Cathedral is a useless act THE SWISS NEWS PAPERS
of barbarism, a lunatic outburst of wounded
vanity and curbed pride. In 1870, Queen Les Cahiers Vaudois
Victoria begged the Emperor William to 1 With a full heart, join with your protesta-
I

spare the monuments and her request


of Paris tion against the abominable crimes of Louvain

5i
:

L'ART ET LES ARTISTES

and Rheims that discredit for ever the German It was crafty before it became violent, And
nation. Germany would have it so.
Paul Claudel. So those, who have been fond of German
artists and have them in admiration grow

It is deliberate, intentional barbarity,


angry at their silence and their pretences.
They ask with sorrow where are their conscience
learned barbarity, German barbarity.
and reason.
This makes Germany peculiarly odious and
Emile Verhaeren.
infamous draws us back with horror at
;

the meaning of his possible hegemony JS JS JS


;

turns away from her all people ot the world THE FRENCH NEWS PAPERS
and makes them wish her ruin, so that
nobody remains, today, to embrace her case, La Presse :

September, 22nd.
and have her in admiration, but the Turks and
MISERABLBSI
some German switzers.
Louis DuMUR. Not a single savage sovereign, in Africa would
have been so bold as to command what William
has performed.
I send you my adhesion against the great No mandeserving that title would not take
deeds of the twentieth century Huns. to heart such a deed with deep indignation.
Guglielmo Ferrero. Not an artist, not one of the faithful who
would not be overwhelmed by the thought
that the Rheims Cathedral is destroyed. And
I have denied it to be true. 1 am amongst this sorrow will not be only a French one It :

the last who have seen it, who have studied will be universal.

that summary of French History One falls !


The Kaiser has, challenged the whole world ;

asleep, and what blows wake us up All His- !


he has challenged God to whom he can never
tory crumbles with Malines, Rheims more recommend hinself.

What a sorrow !.... For the voluntary bombardment, and the


That scourge of God is a catastrophe to systematic overthrow of the Cathedral is not
humanity that separates ages. The spirit of
only a frightful gesture of madness and revenge
it is a sacrilege, a blasphemy
sybaritism begets such cataclysms : suicide in 1

Alceste.
mass.
Ignorance prevails everywhere, so that one
M
Le Figaro :
believes it is possible to repair and recover a
September 23th 1914.
Cathedral.
INTENTIONNAL RUINS 1

Thus, the harm would be not so great.


One would build over again, by dint of money. These are the protestations of neutrals for
Cathedrals like cruisers. But the trouble the bombardment of the Rheims Cathedral
is

that now, nobody understands them. which are beginning to be known, and
first, the most venerable and the highest
Rodin.
authorized, that of the Pope Benedictus XV.
JS
His Holiness would have applied directly to
Never any thing will justify the German the Emperor William who is indeed the res-
:

outrage against masterpieces. That attempt ponsible leader.


was deliberate, hundreds of witnesses are swea- The German Government has perceived
ring to it. All that has been forged since that, the gravity of the accusations which weigh
at Berlin and Vienna, as apology, will add upon himself. He produces in the debate one
lies to horror. The burning of Louvain and of these bombastic explanations always the
Rheims are historical crimes. The sacrilege same, which consist in casting the fault
was patent and controlled. upon the French, just as, yesterday, all was
The modern warfare has become cruel and castupon the Belgians Rheims lies in the :

fierce it has lost all pride and all greatness.


; area of the battle and the French compelled us

52
I'll Jf M. rabbf l< Thinol. (:op>ri{!lu
IIIK ARCHKS WHICH BclMK THK (l[,D \Vl li Il)-Wi IR K BELL-TOWER OF THE CASEMENT

l'/i.,(i- M.r.it'be l(. riiinol. CopvriKlu


ONE OF I UK ARCHES WHICH BORE THE OLD CENTRAL BELL-TOWER
BKHIND ONE SEES THE WEST TOWfBS. TllE NORTH ONE IS SERIOLSLY DAMAGED

53
Ph. Georgts Httart-

TE1E VAULTS UF THE APSIS AND OF THE TRANSEPT AFTER THE CONFLAGRATION OF THE ROOFS

Ph. Jules Matqt.

THE VAULTS OF THE NAVE AFTER THE CONFLAGRATION OF THE ROOKS

54
:

PROTESTATIONS

to reply to their fire Orders have been Something was missing for their glory.
issued to spare the Cathedral as much as pos- The Rheims Cathedral was found on their
sible. way.
Is it possible that these orders if they have The thought struck not upon their brain of
been issued, would have been so badly executed? brutes that belonged not to us, to us French,
it

Any one who knows the place, has in memory that marvel of Gothic art; that it was the pride
that the mass of the Cathedral rises over the of all mankind that these spacious naves,
;

whole city,with such prominence that it is these large glass-windows, these lofty steeples,
quite impossible to shell it without the steady the stone-lace of these portals were relics always
will to do so. sacred to men worthy of the title ot men.
It is a colossal islot which could be spared They levelled against it their heavy guns.
without putting any obstacle to the general The Rheims Cathedral is in flames !

destruction of the town, supposing that such Savages 1

a destruction would be necessary. Idiots I

They had maintain that the French


tried to If they want to draw away the few sympa-
had established some guns on the edifice. thies which remain to them, they should not
But, these magnificent turrets, these moul- act otherwise.
dings and these large-glass windows (and how I promise them that, after the sack of Lou-
magnificent were those of Rheims !) could not vain, the burning of the Rheims Cathedral will
support, even for a moment, the weight and take from them a good lot of sympathy in Italy
the dashing of artillery run out on their flat and America.
roof and their fine counter-forts. The whole They can, now, rely upon the President
would tumble down at the first cannon shot. Wilson's good-will and the love of the Raphael
This explanation in itself is so foolish that and Michel-Ange country.
it has become unwarrantable. Gustave Herve.
The truth is that one has consciouly endea-
voured to annihilate an incomparable monu-
ment, a masterpiece of the French Art one has ;

La Guerre Sociale
fired against, for the pleasure, or, il you prefer,
September 22.
for the jealousy of archeologue it is quite a :

German act.
My dear Herve,
iVlore over, are not the methodical destruc- I bring to the Guerre Sociale, my indignant
tion of Louvain, Senlis, Soissons, the logic protestation against the destruction of the
premises of the bombardment of Rheims ? Rheims Cathedral.
Gabriel Hanotaux, The Barbarians have burned, while they
of the French Academy, invoked the God of Christians, one ot the
late Minister for Foreign Affairs.
most magnificent monuments of Christendom.
Thus, they have loaded themselves with eternal
infamy and the German name has become
La Guerre Sociale :
execrable to the thinking world.
September 2ist.
REPRISALS Who therefore, under Heaven, can doubt
They are perfect !
henceforth they are Barbarians, and we are

They have begun by becoming the complices fighting tor Humanity?


.\natole France.
of Austria, by looking on, while the old Frank
Joseph tried to thirottle the little Servian M
people. L'Humanite :

September 21.
As things were made more serious they tear
in pieces the scrap of paper* by which was THB FULI-'ILLED CRIME

secured the Belgian neutrality, and they rush To the crime of Louvain another worse
upon the lofty city of Liege. crime, added.
is Humanity, Art, Civilisalion
What happened to Louvain, the spiritual are, once more, injured by the heads of the
mciropole of Belgium, is known. German army.

55
:

L'ART ET LES ARTISTES

No doubt, the indignation will be universal. ofllicial documents and verified by witnesses
The anger felt by every civilised man that cannot be objected to (as the authors of
when he got knowledge of the destruction of frightful report addressed to the President
the beautiful city of Louvain will be turned, of U. S. A., by the Belgian commission) are
this time, at the sight of the great Cathedral repeating similar acts committed by the same
riddled by shells and blackened by flames to people in 1 870-1 871.
an impulse of horror, an explosion of mad- The Germans in 1914, are worthv heirs ot
ness. the incendiaries of Chateaudun, fourty-four
Daniel Renoult.
years ago without any pretence of provocation
without any military purpose, for vengeance
and madness, tor punishment to this fearless
Le Gaulois :
city,
open town, however, as Kehl for its
September 21.
resistance against the furious attacks of the
enemy.
THBY BOMBARD THE RHEIMS CATHEDRAL
They are the worthy continuators and heirs
It is in flames. They have overthrown that of the soldiers of Thirty- Years War. speaking
marvel, which belonged not to France alone, of whom, the illustrious philosopher Descartes
but to the whole mankind, for it was amid witnessing their murders, their depredations
the most beautiful that the humain genius has and spoils, said : I can hardly consider the sol-
raised to recall its greatness and its sublimity. dier's work as an honourable profession*.
Who could say, indeed, that war conceived after
They are put together withthe Huns and this manner, is anything more than the flou-
Vandals. It Huns and Vandals,
vilifies the rishing of the fiercest beastliness and of the
who do not deserve that. Huns and Vandals, most repugnant hard-heartedness ?
considered the splendid monuments of the greco S. PiCHON,
roman civilisation only stones like others in :
late Minister for Foreign Affairs

throwing them down, these uncultivated ones


did not know what they did. The Germans,
have a perfect knowledge of the beauty which Journal des Debats :

they overthrow, and it is for its beauty that September 22.


they have shot by shells through our Rheims RHEIMS
Cathedral. The crime is achieved. After a six days bom-
G. DE Lamarzelle, bardment, which began on monday, the
Senator. Rheims Cathedral fell down in flames. On
dawn,
Saturday, at it still stood, hit only by
shells at the top of the vault. Then, under
Le Petit Journal increasing blows of the German artillery which
obstinately took itasatarget, the big scaflJ'olding
September.
round the northern tower took fire and
raised
RELAPSE I
communicated the burning to the whole edi-
The Germans are not at their first essay. fice. No military purpose it has been said
When they perpetrate the odious offence of can justify such a vandalism the Cathedral pla- ;

ruining the Reims Cathedral, when they ced in the heart of the town, is at a great dis-
murder women and children, they are vile tance from all the barracks and military stores.
recidivists. Once more, the Barbarians have destroyed for
They are also when they are
recidivists' the sake of destroying, knowing what they did.
burning towns and villages, when they ravish told by their scholars that Notre-Dame of
girls and bayonnet them, when they shut Rheims was a marvel of the world.
peasants in their barns and suffocate them Among all Cathedrals which are the glory
with smoke, when they fire at our ambulances of our country, this was the most venerable,
and shoot the surgeons and the nurses. the most filled with history and memory.
All these acts of cannibals daily quoted in M. D.

56
r;as?
fit. .it M. I'abbi K. Thinol. Copyright. I'll, de SI ^J('^e It. Thiiiul. c. lurichi.

A DKTAIL OK THE FRONTAGK NORTH -TOW KB. THE BUTTRESSES OK THE SOIJTH AND IHE VAULTS
showing the action of the fire OK THE SIDE AISLES AFTER THE EIRE (The fire has
on the ornaments, the small columns and the sculptures destroyed the sculptured cornice under the windows of the nave.

Ph. de M ^J^^<? R. rfiiiior Copyright. //i .(r .W /'.l^^l /( Ihifi-I C.ip>ri(;lil.

IHE SCULPTURAL DEi;ORATION OK THE INSIDE A DETAIL OK THE PORTALS nECORATION


OK THE PORTALS (mostly destroyed by the fire). showing the ravages of the fire.
fh JiWi.. SlJI'l

THE FALLEN BELLS. PAkri.Y .MLLIED AND BROKEN

Ph. Jules Mal'4

A ROSE-^\"INl)(l\\ FALLEN IN FRr)NT OF THE DEAMBFLATORV

58
:

PROTESTATIONS

Protestation of the Swiss Writers, Artists and Learned men


The Swiss Writers, Artists and Learned men Louis DuMUR.
have taken the initiative of a protestation D. Estoppey, professor to the fine Arts school.
against the bombardment of the Cathedral of F. Feyler, professor.
Rheims. This protestation is worded as fol- Alexis Forel.
lows : Frederic Gardy, director of the library of the
The
under-signed Swiss citizens, deeply town of Geneve.
moved by the unjustified outrage against the Ph. GODET.
Cathedral of Rheims, coming after the volun- Jacques-Dalcroze.
tary burning of the historical and scientific L. Laverriere, architect.
richnesses of Louvain, condemn with all their Albert Malsch, director of primary teaching
might, an act of cruelty which attains the whole and professor of pedagogy at the University
of humanity in one of the noblest testimonies of Geneve.
of moral and artistic grandeur.
its Jean Martin, professor to the fine Arts school.
This moral protestation has collected a great Charles Martinet, director of newspaper La
number of signatures and first of all we must Suisse.
mention that of the illustrious Swiss painter Jean Morax, painter.
Mr Ferdinand Hodler; Mr Ferdinand Hodler's Rene Morax, writer.
protestation is particularly expressive. It is Maurice Muret, writer.
in reality in Germany that was first established Docteur Oltramare, professor to the Uni-
Mr Ferdinand Hodler's notoriety and a few of versity.
his best paintings figure in lena, Hanover, etc. Gustave Pa yot, librarian and editor.
Among the other signers, we may notice : Eugene Pittard, manager of ethnographic
MM. museum.
Daniel Baud-Bovy, director of the school of Le docteur Reverdin.
fine arts Geneve. Tonny Roche, head redactor of the Genevois.
Ed. Bauly, head redactor of te Tribune de Paul Seippel.
Geneve. Jean Sigg, deputy to the National Council.
Maurice Bedot, director of natural history Abbe Raoul Snell, head redactor of the Cour-
museum at Geneve. rier de Geneve.
Ernest Bloch, composer. Constant Tabin, librarian and editor.
Alfred Cartier, general director of Art and Otto Vaitier, painter.
History MuseumGeneve. at F.-J.Vernay, professor to the fine.Vrts school.
Jacques Cheneviere. James Vibert, professor to the fine Arts school.
Ed. Claparicde. Emile Yung.
L. Debarge, director of the Sematne litte- H. de ZlEGLER.
raire. G. Wagniere, director of the Journal de
Gustave Doret, composer. Geneve, etc., etc.

Protestation of the German Press

Die Frankjurter Zeilung finest in the world; since the Middle Ages it

The bombardment was


of the Cathedral has been specially dear to the Germans, as
condemned in advance by the Frankjurter Bombcrg drew from it inspiration for many
Zeilung which wrote on September 8th. of his tigurcs. We regard these grand chur-
Let us respect the French Cathedrals, that ches with veneration. We shall respect them
of Rheims in particular which is one of the as our forefathers did in 1870.

59
L'ART ET LES ARTISTES

The ninety three German Intellectual

THEIR NAMES

W E give here the complete


three German intellectual
of the famous and abominable manifest \Yhich
list of the ninety
men, signers
Johannes-Ernst Conrad, professor of natio-
nal economy at Halle.
Franz von Defregger at Munich.
raised in the civilized world such a formidable Richard Dehmel, at Hamburg.
clamour of disgust and reprobation. Adolf Deissmann, professor> of protestant
Here are the names of those professors of theology at Berlin.
history who deny the violation of the neutrality Professor Friedrich-Wilhelm Dcerpfeld, at
of Belgium and Luxemburg; those pedagogue Berlin.
accomplices of disciplined massacrers, who Friedrich von Duhn, professor of archeology
listening to orders, shoot school-children those ; at Heidelberg.
librarians who approve of the conflagration of Professor Paul Ehrlich, Excellence, at

the library of Louvain ; those architects who Frankfort-sur-le-Mein.


are not moved by the bombardment of the Albert Ehrhard, professor of catholic theo-
Cathedrals of Malines and Rheims those mo- ; logy at Strasburg.
ralists who encourage by a confessed solidarity, Carl Engler, Excellence, professor of che-
murders, robberies, violations and plunders: mistry a Carlsruhe.
those doctors who do not blame the mur- Gerhart Esser, professor of catholic theology
ders committed upon the members of the Red- at Bonn.
Cross those theologians whose doctrine admits
;
Rudolf Eucken, professor of philosophy at
the profanation of religious edifices those phi- ; Iena.
lologists who insult the French people after Herbert Eulenberg at Kaiserswerth.
having requested the suffrages of the Institute Heinrich Finke, professor of history, a Fri-
of France those musicians, novelists, dra-
; burg.
matic authors, directors of theatres, who Emil Fischer, Excellence, professor of che-
enjoyed but too much the Parisian hospitality, mistry at Berlin.
and who show us their gratitude in uttering Wilhelm Fcerster, professor of astronomy
against us and our allies the coarsest insults in at Berlin.
the teutonic repertory. Ludwig FuLDA, at Berlin.
Let us remember it I Eduard von Gebhardt, at Dusseldorf.
Adolf von Beeyer, Excellence, professeur of J. -J. de Groot, professor of ethnography at
chemistry at Munich. Berlin.
Professor Peter Behrens at Berlin. Fritz Haber, professorof chemistry at Berlin.
Emil von Behring, Excellence, professor of Ernst H.:cKEL, E.xcellence, professor of zoo-
physic at Marburg. logy at Iena.
Wilhelm von Bode, Excellence, general direc- Max Halbe, at Munich.
tor of royal museums at Berlin. Professor Gustave-Adolf von Harnack, gene-
Alois Brandl, president of the Shakespeare ral director of the Royal library of Berlin.
society at Berlin. Gerhart Hauptmann at Agnetendorf.
Lujo Brentano, professor of national eco- Karl Hauptmann (Schreiberbau).
nomy at Munich. Gustav Hellmann, professor of meteorology,
Professor Justus Brinkmann, director of the Wilhelm Herrmann, professor of protestant
Hamburg museum. theology at Marburg.

60
I'll. .U M. 1 .1 ;-,;, c.pytictu.

rilK PIKK WHICH SKPARATES THL; Cli.NTKAL AM) NORIllIiN I'OKIALS


OF THE FRONTAGE
The Statue of the queen of Sheba is destroyed. Its neighbours nnd the ornamentation

which frames them arc seriously detoriatcd. On the tirst plan, we see some rubbish,
the remains of what were master-pieces of sculpture.

6i
THE NORTHERN SPLAYING
OF THE NORTH-WEST PORTAL
Of the six admirable statues, five are lost, the other
is seriously domaged.

ph. Georges Huart.

THE SOUTHERN SPLAYING OF THE NORTH-WEST PORTAL


Some of the small-figures of the door-case and some of the large statues are destroyed,
the rest arc more or less calcinated.

62
THE NINETY THREE GERMAN INTELLECTUAL
Andreas Heusler, professor of Norwegian Max Planck, professor of physic at'i Berlin.
philology. Albert Plohn, professor ot physic at; Berlin.
Adolf von HiLDEBRAND, at Munich. George Reick.e, at Berlin.
Ludwig Hoffmann, municipal architect at Max Reinhardt, director of the Ger-
Professor
Berlin. man Theatre at Berlin.
Engelbert Humperdinck at Berlin. AloisRiEHL,professorof philosophy at Berlin.
Leopold carl Ralckreuth, president of the Karl Robert, professor of archeology at Halle.
German Ligue of the artistes at Eddelsen. Wilhelm Roentgen, Excellence, professor of
Arthur Kampf, at Berlin. physic at Munich.
Fritz-August von Kaulbach, at Munich. Max Rubner, professor of physic at Berlin.
Theodor Kipp, professor of jurisprudence at Fritz Schaper, at Berlin.
Berlin. Adolf von Schlatter, professor of protestant
F61ix Klein, professor of mathematics at theology at Tubingue.
Gcettingue. August Schmidlin, professor of ecclesiastical
Max Klinger, at Leipzig. history at Munster.
Alois Kncepfler, professor of ecclesiastical Gustave von Schmoller, Excellence, professor
history at Munich. of National economy at Berlin.
Anton Koch, professor of catholic theology Reinhold Seeberg, professor of protestant
at Tubingue. theology at Berlin.
Paul Laban, ^Excellence, professor ot juris- Martin Spahn, professor of history at Stras-
prudence at Strasburg. burg.
Karl Lamprecht, professor of history at Leipzig. Franz von Stuck, at Munich.
Philipp Lenard, professor ot physics at Hei- Hermann Sudermann, at Berlin.
delberg. Hans Thoma, at Carlsruhe.
Maximilian Lenz, professor ot history at Wilhelm Trubner, at Carlsruhe.
Hamburg. Karl VoLLMCELLER, at Stuttgard.
Max Liebermann, at Berlin. Richard Vose (Berchtesgaden).
Franz von Listz, professor of jurisprudence Karl VossLER, professor of Roman philology
at Berlin. at Munich.
Ludwig Manzel, president of the tine Arts Siegfried Wagner at Bayreuth.
Academy of Berlin. Wilhelm Waldeyer, professor of anatomy
Joseph Mausbach, professor of catholic theo- at Berlin.
logy at Munster. August von Wassermann, professor ot physic
Georgvon Mayr, professorof political sciences at Berlin.
at Munich. Felix von Weingartner.
Sebastian Merkle, professor ot catholic theo- Theodor Wiegand, director of Berlin mu-
logy at Wurtzburg. seum.
Eduard Meyer, professor of history at Berlin. Wilhelm Wien, professor of physic at Wurtz-
Heinrich More, professor ot Roman philo- burg.
logy at Berlin. Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Mcellendorf. Ex-
Friedrich Naumann, at Berlin. cellence, professor of philology at Berlin.
Albert Ni;issER, profcssorof physic at Breslau. Richard WiLLSTTiEXTER, protesseur of che-
Waiter Nernst, professor of physic at Berlin. mistry at Berlin.
Wilhclm OsTWALD, professor of chemistry at Wilhclm Windelband, professor of philo-
Leipzk;. sophy at Heidelberg.
Bruno Paul, director of the useful arts school Whilhclm Wundt, Excellence, professor of
at Berlin. philosophy 4 Leipzig.

63
INDEX OF THE ARTICLES

Paaa
FOREWORD, ARMAND DAYOT (3 illustrations)
by I

THE CATHEDE^L OF RHEIMS, by CAMILLE ENLART (25 illustrations) 9

EXTRACT OF THE OFFICIAL NOTE on the bombardment of the Cathedral (I illustration) 38

PROTESTATIONS OF THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT : of S. ADRIEN MITHOUARD. "President the o)

Paris Municipal Council ; D' LANGLET, Mayor of Rheims of the American News papers
; ; of the English

News papers; of the Italian News papers of the Spanish News papers of the Swiss News papers
; ; ; of the French
News papers, etc., etc. (22 illustrations) 41

PROTESTATION of the Swiss writers. Artists and Learned men (2 illustrations) 59

PROTESTATION of the German Press 59

THE 93 GERMAN INTELLECTUAL MEN (3 illustrations) 60

INDEX OF THE ARTICLES 64

FINAL NOTE
To day February the 23rd just as we were going to press, the official communique
informs us that Fifteen hundred shells have been showered on all the different quarters of the

town of Rheims. What is left of the Cathedral specially aimed at has gravely suffered. The
interior vault which until now had resisted has been smashed in etc., etc. .

May the name of Von Heeringen who presides over this useless and shameful work,
be for ever cursed ! This sinister old soldier, the docile instrument of German culture, will

have largely contributed his share in history, in making the word Germanism surpass in

abjection that of Vandalism.

Copurlghl hu Camllle Enlatl.

64
IMPORTANT NOTICE
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honour of the SAN FRANCISCO EXHIBITION


includes a wood cut before letters by Deii printed

:: :: on Van Gelder's Holland paper. :: ::

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