st

3rd G ( 1964-1971 )
1 G ( 1940-1956 ) - computer were huge, slow, - IBM 370 series were introduced in 1964. It
expensive and often unreliable. came in several models and sizes.It was used
1941 – MARK 1 use mechanical switches. for business and scientific programs.
1946 - two Americans, Presper Eckert and Willian - CDC 7600
Mauchly build the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical - B2500.
Integrator and Computer). It use vacuum tube. A vacuum *** Development of electronic circuit –
tube which is an electronic tube about the size of light silicone chip in 1961
bulbs, was used as the internal computer components. COMPUTER
GENERATION *** Microchip replace magnetic Core memory
Thousands of them were used. *** First 256 bit RAM was introduced and as
1951 – UNIVAC ( Universal Automatic Computer ) could S
basis for 1 K bit RAM
calculate at rate 10,000 addition p/s Advantanges :
Storage – Punched card and Magnetic tape. • Silicone chips were reliable,
Magnetic tape was introduced in 1957. It was a faster and compact and cheaper.
a more compact method of storing data. Using magnetic • Sold hardware and software
tape became more reliable and cost-effective. 5th G ( present & Beyond ) separately which created the
Problems Inventions of new hardw tech such as----- software industry.
• the vacuum tubes generated a great deal of heat - silicone chips, processor, robotics, virtual
• customer service industry
causing many problems in temperature reality, Intelligent system, program translate
flourished (reservation and credit
regulation and climate control language and expert system such as
checks)
• the tubes also burnt out frequently - Teleconferencing
• people operating the computer did not know that - Speech recognition system
the problem was in the programming machine

4th G ( 1971 - present )

Comp models introduced : Apple Macintosh,
IBM, DELL, ACER
1971- Intel created 1st microprocessor
2nd G ( 1956 -1963 ) 1976 – 1st Apple comp introduced.
Use transistor - It was small devices use to transfer 1981 – 1st IBM PC introduced.
electronic signals across a resister.
Advantages : - Hardw tech invented– silicone chips,
• transistors were smaller than vacuum tubes microprocessor ( for comp memory and logic ,
• they needed no warm up time circuit that contained thousands of transistors)
• consumed less energy and storage devices.
• generated much less heat Advantages : -Comp became 100 times
• faster and more reliable smaller than ENIAC
- More speed, reliability and storage capability
- Personal n softw industry boomed