ESCUELA POLITCNICA NACIONAL

FACULTAD DE INGENIERA MECNICA

MAESTRIA DE DISEO Y SIMULACIN
FUNDAMENTOS DE ELEMENTOS FINITOS

TRABAJO 2

Integrantes:

Angelica Alexandra Carrillo Mayanquer

Oscar Eduardo Navarro Zhingre

Ejercicio 1

La armadura en tres dimensiones de la fig1. Tiene un rea transversal de 2.5 in2 y son hechas
en aleacin de aluminio con una mdulo de elasticidad de E=10x106 lb/in2, determine la
deformacin en el punto A y los esfuerzos en cada punto a travs de WOLFRAM.

2
3
1 2
3
4

1
1 Determinacin de los ngulos directores.

Elemento 1

Vector 05 (0i, 10j, 0k) [ft]

Vector 01 (-6i, 0j, 6k) [ft]

Vector 51(-6i,-10j, 6k) [ft]

1=cos-1(-6/(172)^(1/2)) 1=117.22; l1=Cos[1];

m1=Cos[1];
1= cos-1(-10/(172)^(1/2)) 1=139.68; n1=Cos[1];
1= cos-1(6/(172)^(1/2)) 1=62.77;

Elemento 2

Vector 05 (0i, 10j, 0k) [ft]

Vector 02 (-6i, 0j, -6k) [ft]

Vector 52(-6i,-10j, -6k) [ft]

2=cos-1(-6/(172)^(1/2)) 2=117.22; l2=Cos[2];

m2=Cos[2];
2= cos-1(-10/(172)^(1/2)) 2=139.68; n2=Cos[2];
2= cos-1(-6/(172)^(1/2)) 2=117.22;

Elemento 3

Vector 05 (0i, 10j, 0k) [ft]

Vector 03 (6i, 0j, -6k) [ft]

Vector 53 (6i,-10j, -6k) [ft]

3=cos-1(6/(172)^(1/2)) 3=62.77; l3=Cos[3];

m3=Cos[3];
3= cos-1(-10/(172)^(1/2)) 3=139.68; n3=Cos[3];
3= cos-1(-6/(172)^(1/2)) 3=117.22;

Elemento 4

Vector 05 (0i, 10j, 0k) [ft]

Vector 02 (6i, 0j, 6k) [ft]

Vector 52(6i,-10j, 6k) [ft]

4=cos-1(6/(172)^(1/2)) 4=62.77; l4=Cos[4];

m4=Cos[4];
4= cos-1(-10/(172)^(1/2)) 4=139.68; n4=Cos[4]
4= cos-1(6/(172)^(1/2)) 4=62.77;

2
2. Matriz caracterstica
l1l1 l1m1 l1n1 (l1l1) (l1m1) (l1n1)
l1m1 m1m1 m1n1 (l1m1) (m1m1) (m1n1)
E1 l1n1 m1n1 n1n1 (l1n1) (m1n1) (n1n1)
Kg1 =
(l1l1) (l1m1) (l1n1) l1l1 l1m1 l1n1
(l1m1) (m1m1) (m1n1) l1m1 m1m1 m1n1
[ (l1n1) (m1n1) (n1n1) l1n1 m1n1 n1n1 ]
l2l2 l2m2 l2n2 (l2l2) (l2m2) (l2n2)
l2m2 m2m2 m2n2 (l2m2) (m2m2) (m2n2)
E1 l2n2 m2n2 n2n2 (l2n2) (m2n2) (n2n2)
Kg2 =
(l2l2) (l2m2) (l2n2) l2l2 l2m2 l2n2
(l2m2) (m2m2) (m2n2) l2m2 m2m2 m2n2
[ (l2n2) (m2n2) (n2n2) l2n2 m2n2 n2n2 ]
l3l3 l3m3 l3n3 (l3l3) (l3m3) (l3n3)
l3m3 m3m3 m3n3 (l3m3) (m3m3) (m3n3)
E1 l3n3 m3n3 n3n3 (l3n3) (m3n3) (n3n3)
Kg3 =
(l3l3) (l3m3) (l3n3) l3l3 l3m3 l3n3
(l3m3) (m3m3) (m3n3) l3m3 m3m3 m3n3
[ (l3n3) (m3n3) (n3n3) l3n3 m3n3 n3n3 ]
l4l4 l4m4 l4n4 (l4l4) (l4m4) (l4n4)
l4m4 m4m4 m4n4 (l4m4) (m4m4) (m4n4)
E1 l4n4 m4n4 n4n4 (l4n4) (m4n4) (n4n4)
Kg4 =
(l4l4) (l4m4) (l4n4) l4l4 l4m4 l4n4
(l4m4) (m4m4) (m4n4) l4m4 m4m4 m4n4
[ (l4n4) (m4n4) (n4n4) l4n4 m4n4 n4n4 ]

3 Distribucin de Matriz Kg

ELEMENTO GLOBAL LOCAL

1 1
1
5 2
2 1
2
5 2
3 1
3
5 2
4 1
4
5 2

3
4 Matriz Kg

5 Ecuacin General

{} = []{}

f1 u1
g1 v1
h1 w1
f2 u2
g2 v2
h2 w2
f3 u3
g3 =[]1515 v3
h3 w3
f4 u4
g4 v4
h4 w4
f5 u5
g5 v5
{h5} {w5}

f5=0

g5=-250lb

h5=0

6 Ordenar Matriz en funcin de fuerzas conocidas

Kgg[[1]]=Kg[[13]];

Kgg[[2]]=Kg[[14]];

Kgg[[3]]=Kg[[15]];

Kgg[[4]]=Kg[[1]];

Kgg[[5]]=Kg[[2]];

Kgg[[6]]=Kg[[3]];

Kgg[[7]]=Kg[[4]];

Kgg[[8]]=Kg[[5]];

Kgg[[9]]=Kg[[6]];

Kgg[[10]]=Kg[[7]];

Kgg[[11]]=Kg[[8]];

Kgg[[12]]=Kg[[9]];

Kgg[[13]]=Kg[[10]];

Kgg[[14]]=Kg[[11]];

4
Kgg[[15]]=Kg[[12]];

7 Planteamiento de Ecuaciones

{} = [11]{}

{} = [11]1 {}

133036.74819971994 37.60782492236467 0.0038275966435321607

11 = [ 37.60782492236467 369513.4646563959 37.60782492236467 ]
0.0038275966435321607 37.60782492236467 133036.74819971994
1.912565636305924 107
= [ 0.000676565371218495 ]
1.912565636305924 107
{} = [21]{}

33247.90419794538 55420.09624844297 33259.18513613166

55420.09624844297 92378.36616409897 55438.90016090415
33259.18513613166 55438.90016090415 33270.46990191458
33247.90419794538 55420.09624844297 33247.90419794538
55420.09624844297 92378.36616409897 55420.09624844297
33247.90419794538 55420.09624844297 33247.90419794538
K21=
33270.46990191458 55438.90016090415 33259.18513613166
55438.90016090415 92378.36616409897 55420.09624844297
33259.18513613166 55420.09624844297 33247.90419794538
33270.46990191458 55438.90016090415 33270.46990191458
55438.90016090415 92378.36616409897 55438.90016090415
[33270.46990191458 55438.90016090415 33270.46990191458]
37.49531583373906
62.5
37.508037909021674
37.50803575110217
62.52120251070079
37.50803575110217
=
37.508037909021674
62.5
37.49531583373906
37.49531367581957
62.47879748929921
[ 37.49531367581957 ]

8 Resultados

Fuerza en libras
NODO FX FY FZ
1 37.5 62.5 -37.5
2 37.5 62.5 37.5
3 -37.5 62.5 37.5
4 -37.5 62.5 -37.5

5
 Desplazamiento en in
NODO UY
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
-
5
0.0006765

Esfuerzo en psi
Elemento Esfuerzo
1 -32.79
2 -32.80
3 -32.79
4 -32.78

Ejercicio 2

La armadura en tres dimensiones de la fig2. Tiene un rea transversal de 15 cm2 y son hechas
en acero con una mdulo de elasticidad de E=200 GPa, determine la deformacin en el punto A
y los esfuerzos en cada punto a travs de WOLFRAM.

2
2

4
1

6
1 Determinacin de los ngulos directores.

Elemento 1

Vector 04 (2i, 0j, 0k) [ft]

Vector 01 (0i, 0j, 1.5k) [ft]

Vector 41(2i, 0j, 1.5k) [ft]

1=cos-1(2/(6.25)^(1/2)) 1=36.86; l1=Cos[1];

m1=Cos[1];
1= cos-1(0) 1=90; n1=Cos[1];
1= cos-1(1.5/(6.25)^(1/2)) 1=53.13;

Elemento 2

Vector 04 (2i, 0j, 0k) [ft]

Vector 02 (0i, 0j, -1.5k) [ft]

Vector 42(2i, 0j, -1.5k) [ft]

2=cos-1(2/(6.25)^(1/2)) 2=36.86; l2=Cos[2];

m2=Cos[2];
2= cos-1(0) 2=90; n2=Cos[2];
2= cos-1(-1.5/(6.25)^(1/2)) 2=126.86;

Elemento 3

Vector 04 (2i, 0j, 0k) [ft]

Vector 03 (0i, 1.5j, 0k) [ft]

Vector 43 (2i,-1.5j, 0k) [ft]

3=cos-1(2/(6.25)^(1/2)) 3=36.86; l3=Cos[3];

m3=Cos[3];
3= cos-1(-1-5/(6.25)^(1/2)) 3=126.86; n3=Cos[3];
3= cos-1(0) 3=90;

2. Matriz caracterstica
l1l1 l1m1 l1n1 (l1l1) (l1m1) (l1n1)
l1m1 m1m1 m1n1 (l1m1) (m1m1) (m1n1)
E1 l1n1 m1n1 n1n1 (l1n1) (m1n1) (n1n1)
Kg1 =
(l1l1) (l1m1) (l1n1) l1l1 l1m1 l1n1
(l1m1) (m1m1) (m1n1) l1m1 m1m1 m1n1
[ (l1n1) (m1n1) (n1n1) l1n1 m1n1 n1n1 ]
l2l2 l2m2 l2n2 (l2l2) (l2m2) (l2n2)
l2m2 m2m2 m2n2 (l2m2) (m2m2) (m2n2)
E1 l2n2 m2n2 n2n2 (l2n2) (m2n2) (n2n2)
Kg2 =
(l2l2) (l2m2) (l2n2) l2l2 l2m2 l2n2
(l2m2) (m2m2) (m2n2) l2m2 m2m2 m2n2
[ (l2n2) (m2n2) (n2n2) l2n2 m2n2 n2n2 ]

7
 l3l3 l3m3 l3n3 (l3l3) (l3m3) (l3n3)
l3m3 m3m3 m3n3 (l3m3) (m3m3) (m3n3)
E1 l3n3 m3n3 n3n3 (l3n3) (m3n3) (n3n3)
Kg3 =
(l3l3) (l3m3) (l3n3) l3l3 l3m3 l3n3
(l3m3) (m3m3) (m3n3) l3m3 m3m3 m3n3
[ (l3n3) (m3n3) (n3n3) l3n3 m3n3 n3n3 ]

3 Distribucin de Matriz Kg

ELEMENTO GLOBAL LOCAL

1 1
1
4 2
2 1
2
4 2
3 1
3
4 2
4 Matriz Kg

5 Ecuacin General

{} = []{}

1 1
1 1
1 1
2 2
2 2
2
2
=[]1212 3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
{4 } { }

f4=0

g4=-2000N

h4=0

8
6 Ordenar Matriz en funcin de fuerzas conocidas
Kgg[[1]]=Kg[[10]];

Kgg[[2]]=Kg[[11]];

Kgg[[3]]=Kg[[12]];

Kgg[[4]]=Kg[[1]];

Kgg[[5]]=Kg[[2]];

Kgg[[6]]=Kg[[3]];

Kgg[[7]]=Kg[[4]];

Kgg[[8]]=Kg[[5]];

Kgg[[9]]=Kg[[6]];

Kgg[[10]]=Kg[[7]];

Kgg[[11]]=Kg[[8]];

Kgg[[12]]=Kg[[9]];

7 Planteamiento de Ecuaciones

{} = [11]{}

{} = [11]1 {}

11
2.304596981840287 108 5.759419227971661 107 13406.724477104843
= [5.759419227971661 107 4.318010060532373 107 0. ]
13406.724477104843 0. 8.638030640067223 107
0.000017362862017175174
= [ 0.00006947644798153855 ]
2.694816873171508 109
{} = [21]{}

K21=
7.681989939467625 107 0. 5.760759900419372 107
0. 0. 0.
5.760759900419372 107 0. 4.320020579534849 107
7.681989939467625 107 0. 5.759419227971661 107
0. 0. 0.
5.759419227971661 107 0. 4.318010060532373 107
7.681989939467625 107 5.759419227971661 107 0.
5.759419227971661 107 4.318010060532373 107 0.
[ 0. 0. 0. ]
1333.658071433223
0.
1000.1163760070716
1333.9685191641945
= 0.
1000.1163760070716
2667.626590597418
2000.0000000000005
[ 0. ]

9
8 Resultados

Fuerzas en N
NODO FX FY FZ
1 1333.3 0 1000
2 1333.3 0 -1000
3 -2666.7 2000 0

Desplazamiento en m
NODO UY
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 -0.0000694764

Esfuerzo en MPa
Elemento Esfuerzo
1 -1.11
2 -1.11
3 2.22

CONCLUSIONES

Es importante entender el principio fsico del problema a ser analizado esto permite tener
una evaluacin de resultados ms fiable.
Para trabajos con armaduras en 3 dimensiones trabajar con los ngulo directores de esta
manera evitamos errores de clculo.
La aplicacin de elementos finitos en la resolucin de problemas complejos facilitan y
reduce el clculo manual generando as una resolucin simple y acertada.
El uso de los software van acompaados del anlisis completo del fenmeno fsico por
parte del diseador o calculista.

10