Exercise13.11.

The President of the Philippines shall exercise general supervision over local
governments. Provinces with respect to component cities and municipalities, and cities and
municipalities with respect to component barangays shall ensure that the acts of their component units
are within the scope of their prescribed powers and functions.
SEC. 5.
Each local government unit shall have the power to create its own sources of revenues and to levy taxes,
fees, and charges subject to such guidelines and limitations as the Congress may provide, consistent
with the basic policy of local autonomy. Such taxes, fees, and charges shall accrue exclusively to the local
governments.
SEC. 6.
Local government units shall have a just share, as determined by law, in the national taxes which shall
be automatically released to them.
12. Structural -- power to choose the form of government, charter and enact charter revisions
Functional -- power to exercise local self government in a broad or limited manner
Fiscal -- authority to determine revenue sources, set tax rates, borrow funds and other related financial
activities
Personnel -- authority to set employment rules, remuneration rates, employment conditions and
collective bargaining
Typically, the broadest discretionary powers are applicable to local government structure, and the
narrowest are given to finance. Also, local governments endowed with discretionary authority may not
always exercise it; for example, the adoption or amendment of a local government's municipal
charter is
13. Accounting for 15-20% of expenditures,2 the IRA is a significant item in the national budget, second
only to debt servicing in proportion to the total budget. This, along with socio-political realities, makes
the IRA extremely vulnerable to machinations by political actors. Since the effectivity of the Local
14. Term of office" refers to the length of time that an elected official serves as a member of the
governing body. State law establishes the term of office for elected municipal officials, but also
authorizes a municipality to prescribe a different term by home rule-charter or local ordinance. There is
no limit on the number of terms that can be served, unless voters have held an election on the question
and imposed such a limit.
Occasionally, an elected office will become vacant before the end of the incumbent's (the current office
holder's) term, and the governing body will appoint someone to fill the vacant seat. If this happens, the
person appointed only serves until the next regular election, when someone is elected to serve out the
remainder of that seat's term.
15Barangay Officials Duties and Responsibilities A barangay is the simplest unit of
Local Government Unit. They handle a small community like purok or sitios. All places in the
Philippines consist of this small LGU unit and barangay officials. In this article, you will have a
brief idea about the duties and responsibilities of every barangay official that had been elected
by their constituents. The Punong Barangay or the Barangay Chairman is the executive head
of the smallest unit of the government...
16. A barangay (Brgy. or Bgy.; Filipino: baranggay, [baaaj]; also pronounced the same in
Spanish), formerly referred to as barrio, is the smallest administrative division in
the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district or ward. In metropolitan areas, the
term often refers to an inner city neighbourhood, a suburb or a suburban neighborhood.[1] The
word barangay originated from balangay, a kind of boat used by a group of Austronesian
peoples when they migrated to the Philippines.[2]
Municipalities and cities in the Philippines are subdivided into barangays, with the exception of the
municipalities of Adams in Ilocos Norte and Kalayaan, Palawan which each contain only one
barangay. The barangay itself is sometimes informally subdivided into smaller areas
called purok (English: zone), barangay zones consisting of a cluster of houses, and sitios, which are
territorial enclavesusually ruralfar from the barangay center. As of June 2015, there were 42,029
barangays throughout the Philippines.[3]

17. What is the purpose of the ARMM (autonomous region in muslim mindanao)? The armm wants
autonomy for the Muslim community in the Philippines and specifically in Muslim Mindanao.

Why are the Muslims in the Philippines claiming Mindanao as their ancestral domain? Can a religion
claim ancestral domain?

Religion can't claim ancestral domain. Only indigenous people can claim ancestral domain.

Before the Muslims arrived in the Philippines in the 14th century, the Philippines was occupied by
indigenous people from Luzon to the Sulu archipelago. So the ancestral domain claim should go to
the indigenous people!! Actually why are we calling ourselves indigenous? We are Filipinos! We are
not like Australia where the Europeans came and took over and the aborigines became the minority
and therefore now must be protected by the indigenous law of Australia. And we are not like Hawaii
where it became part of the United States of America and therefore must be protected by
the ORGANIC ACT OF HAWAII. We are all Filipinos and therefore must be under one government.
17Section 1.
The territorial and politicalsubdivisions of the Republic of thePhilippines are the provinces,
cities,municipalities, and barangays. Thereshall be autonomous regions inMuslim Mindanao and
theCordilleras as hereinafter provided
18it is because the Muslims want to govern their own region for they already wantto govern it for heir
ownAn autonomous region has its own separate freedom and rules. Even if it iswithin another country,
an autonomous region does not follow the countries
Religion can't claim ancestral domain. Only indigenous people can claim ancestral domain.
Before the Muslims arrived in the Philippines in the 14th century, the Philippines was occupied by
indigenous people from Luzon to the Sulu archipelago. So the ancestral domain claim should go to the
indigenous people!! Actually why are we calling ourselves indigenous? We are Filipinos! We are not like
Australia where the Europeans came and took over and the aborigines became the minority and
therefore now must be protected by the indigenous law of Australia. And we are not like Hawaii where
it became part of the United States of America and therefore must be protected by the ORGANIC ACT
OF HAWAII. We are all Filipinos and therefore must be under one government.
19. An autonomous administrative division (also referred to as an autonomous
area, entity, unit, region, subdivision, or territory) is a subdivision or dependent territory of
a country that has a degree of self-governance, or autonomy, from an external authority. Typically, it is
either geographically distinct from the rest of the country or populated by a national
minority. Decentralization of self-governing powers and functions to such divisions is a way for a
national government to try to increase democratic participation or administrative efficiency and/or to
defuse internal conflicts. Countries that include autonomous areas may be federacies, federations,
or confederations. Autonomous areas can be divided into territorial autonomies, subregional territorial
autonomies, and local autonomies.
20. Administrative organization;Creation of sources of revenues;Ancestral domain and natural
resources;Personal, family, and property relations;Regional.
Exercise14.6. Because a politician represents the public, constituents will be better represented if he
or she practices the virtues of honesty and trustworthiness in both personal and private life. The
reputation of local officials may have an important impact on the business climate of the city or public
support for local initiatives, so the personal behavior of politicians may become a legitimate area of
public concern.
7. The concept of the public trust relates back to the origins of democratic government and its seminal
idea that within the public lies the true power and future of a society; therefore, whatever trust the
public places in its officials must be respected. One of the reasons that bribery is regarded as a
notorious evil is that it contributes to a culture of political corruption in which the public trust is eroded.
Other issues related to political corruption or betrayal of public trust are lobbying, special interest
groups and the public cartel.
8.
To remove an elected official through a recall election, citizens or citizen groups must gather a minimum number of signatures
on formal documents provided through a states secretary of state office or local election commission. Citizens must gather
enough signatures to represent a percentage of the population. Media campaigns raise awareness of an impending recall
election and drive to collect signatures. In a more formal process, Congress removes the president of the United States through
an impeachment process. Individual citizens do not participate in the impeachment process. Both the U.S. House and U.S.
Senate must vote to remove a president from office through an impeachment process constituting a formal congressional trial.
Recall elections are most frequent at the local government level. There have been two incidences of impeachment of an
American president in the U.S. House; however both were acquitted at the trials held by the Senate. Impeached U.S. Presidents
include Andrew Johnson (1868) and Bill Clinton (1999).
9. Sandiganbayan - a special court in the philippines, which have jurisdiction over criminal and
civil cases involving graft and corrupt practices and such other offenses committed by public
officers and employees, including those in government-owned or controlled corporations, in
relation to their office as may be determined by law. The Ombudsman of the Philippines,
also known as Tanodbayan ng Pilipinas[1] (using Filipino loan words), is
an ombudsman responsible for investigating and prosecuting Philippine government
officials accused of crimes, especially graft and corruption.
10. Under federal law, disabled tenants and prospective tenants with a disability have the right to apply
for and live in a rental unit regardless of their impairment. When a landlord rejects disabled tenants
based on the use of a discriminatory housing practice, they have violated the law.
11. Politicians and civil servants hold substantial power over the allocation of resources in their countries and the
citizens who elect them, and who in effect pay their salaries through their tax contributions. The United Nations
Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), which has been ratified by 166 countries, requires a legal framework for
asset declarations of government officials. Research shows that an asset declaration open to public scrutiny is a
way for citizens to ensure leaders do not abuse their power for personal gain (our definition of corruption). Asset
declarations are a means to anchor the issue of ethics and integrity in the political classes and should be part of all
codes of conduct.
Exercise15.6. ARTICLE XII
National Economy and Patrimony
Section 1. The goals of the national economy are a more equitable distribution of opportunities, income, and
wealth; a sustained increase in the amount of goods and services produced by the nation for the benefit of the
people; and an expanding productivity as the key to raising the quality of life for all, especially the underprivileged.

7. To have sustained growth and productivity, the country needs a body or agency
specialized in the development and improvement of the science and technology of natural
resources which is unlike today that the Environment Department (DENR) itself is the one
limiting the growth of the natural resources sector as its common option in confronting
environmental issues/challenges is to closed down mining firms instead of finding
technological or science-based solutions
8. Lands of the public domain which are alienable or open to disposition may be further classified as agricultural,
residential, commercial, or industrial, or for similar productive purposes, educational, charitable, or other similar
purpose, and reservations for townsites and for public and quasi-public uses
MODES OF DISPOSITION
1. For homestead settlement
2. By sale
3. By lease
4. By confirmation of imperfect or incomplete title
a. By judicial legalization
b. By administrative legalization or free patent
9. Stewardship is an ethic that embodies the responsible planning and management
of resources. The concepts of stewardship can be applied to the environment and
nature,[1][2]economics,[3][4] health,[5] property,[6] information,[7] theology,[8] etc.
10. The SEC is the government agency responsible for the registration, licensing, regulation and
supervision of all corporations and partnerships organized in the Philippines, including foreign
corporations licensed to engage in business or to establish branch offices in the Philippines.
11;Continued Filipinization in the ... It presaged that the investment climate for American ... The
article mentioned lists the following areas of economic ...
12. The right to work is a concept which states that all human beings have the right to work or engage in
an employment practice. The right to work states no person may not be prevented from attempting to
seek and maintain said forms of employment. The right to work is affirmed in the Universal Declaration
of Human Rights and is formally recognized in international human rights law because of its inclusion in
the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

13. Farmers' Rights are a precondition for the maintenance of crop genetic diversity, which is the basis of
all food and agriculture production in the world. Basically, realizing Farmers' Rights means enabling
farmers to maintain and develop crop genetic resources as they have done since the dawn of
agriculture, and recognizing and rewarding them for this indispensable contribution to the global pool of
genetic resources.
The right to livelihood of fish workers is crucially dependant on establishing the right of the communities
over natural resources. Mechanisation, industrialisation of production processes and the globalization of
the markets has transformed the fishing sector. The changes have been both positive and negative. The
most notable negative outcome is the over-exploitation of the marine resources resulting in the
marginalization of traditional fishing methods and the communities.