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TheProjectLifeCycle(Phases)|ProjectManagement
Adrienne Watt
Adrienne Watt
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3/17/2017 3.TheProjectLifeCycle(Phases)|ProjectManagement
Theprojectmanagerandprojectteamhaveonesharedgoal:tocarryouttheworkofthep
theprojectsobjectives.Everyprojecthasabeginning,amiddleperiodduringwhichactiv
completion,andanending(eithersuccessfulorunsuccessful).Astandardprojecttypicall
phases(eachwithitsownagendaoftasksandissues):initiation,planning,implementatio
phasesrepresentthepathaprojecttakesfromthebeginningtoitsendandaregenerallyre
Initiation Phase
Duringthefirstofthesephases,theinitiationphase,theprojectobjectiveorneedisidenti
oropportunity.Anappropriateresponsetotheneedisdocumentedinabusinesscasewith
feasibilitystudyisconductedtoinvestigatewhethereachoptionaddressestheprojectobj
solutionisdetermined.Issuesoffeasibility(canwedotheproject?)andjustification(s
addressed.
Oncetherecommendedsolutionisapproved,aprojectisinitiatedtodelivertheapproved
appointed.Themajordeliverablesandtheparticipatingworkgroupsareidentified,andth
Approvalisthensoughtbytheprojectmanagertomoveontothedetailedplanningphase.
Planning Phase
Thenextphase,theplanningphase,iswheretheprojectsolutionisfurtherdevelopedina
stepsnecessarytomeettheprojectsobjectiveareplanned.Inthisstep,theteamidentifies
projectstasksandresourcerequirementsareidentified,alongwiththestrategyforproduc
scopemanagement.Aprojectplaniscreatedoutliningtheactivities,tasks,dependencie
managercoordinatesthepreparationofaprojectbudgetbyprovidingcostestimatesforth
costs.Thebudgetisusedtomonitorandcontrolcostexpendituresduringprojectimpleme
Oncetheprojectteamhasidentifiedthework,preparedtheschedule,andestimatedtheco
componentsoftheplanningprocessarecomplete.Thisisanexcellenttimetoidentifyand
mightposeathreattothesuccessfulcompletionoftheproject.Thisiscalledriskmanage
threatpotentialproblemsareidentifiedalongwiththeactionthatistobetakenoneachh
toreducetheprobabilitythattheproblemwilloccurortoreducetheimpactontheprojec
timetoidentifyallprojectstakeholdersandestablishacommunicationplandescribingthe
deliverymethodtobeusedtokeepthestakeholdersinformed.
Finally,youwillwanttodocumentaqualityplan,providingqualitytargets,assurance,an
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3/17/2017 3.TheProjectLifeCycle(Phases)|ProjectManagement
Finally,youwillwanttodocumentaqualityplan,providingqualitytargets,assurance,an
acceptanceplan,listingthecriteriatobemettogaincustomeracceptance.Atthispoint,th
indetailandisreadytobeexecuted.
Duringthethirdphase,theimplementationphase,theprojectplanisputintomotionand
performed.Itisimportanttomaintaincontrolandcommunicateasneededduringimplem
monitoredandappropriateadjustmentsaremadeandrecordedasvariancesfromtheorigi
managerspendsmostofthetimeinthisstep.Duringprojectimplementation,peoplearec
informationisbeingreportedthroughregularteammeetings.Theprojectmanagerusesth
overthedirectionoftheprojectbycomparingtheprogressreportswiththeprojectplanto
projectactivitiesandtakecorrectiveactionasneeded.Thefirstcourseofactionshouldal
course(i.e.,toreturnittotheoriginalplan).Ifthatcannothappen,theteamshouldrecord
andrecordandpublishmodificationstotheplan.Throughoutthisstep,projectsponsorsa
keptinformedoftheprojectsstatusaccordingtotheagreedonfrequencyandformatofc
updatedandpublishedonaregularbasis.
Statusreportsshouldalwaysemphasizetheanticipatedendpointintermsofcost,schedul
projectdeliverableproducedshouldbereviewedforqualityandmeasuredagainsttheacc
deliverableshavebeenproducedandthecustomerhasacceptedthefinalsolution,thepro
Closing Phase
Duringthefinalclosure,orcompletionphase,theemphasisisonreleasingthefinaldelive
overprojectdocumentationtothebusiness,terminatingsuppliercontracts,releasingproje
theclosureoftheprojecttoallstakeholders.Thelastremainingstepistoconductlessons
wentwellandwhatdidnt.Throughthistypeofanalysis,thewisdomofexperienceistran
organization,whichwillhelpfutureprojectteams.
AU.S.constructioncompanywonacontracttodesignandbuildthefirstcoppermineinn
existinginfrastructureforeithertheminingindustryorlargeconstructionprojectsinthisp
initiationphaseoftheproject,theprojectmanagerfocusedondefiningandfindingaproj
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3/17/2017 3.TheProjectLifeCycle(Phases)|ProjectManagement
knowledge,skills,andexperiencetomanagealargecomplexprojectinaremoteareaoft
threeoffices.OnewasinChile,wherelargeminingconstructionprojectinfrastructureexi
Argentina.OnewasinBuenosAriestoestablishrelationshipsandArgentinianexpertise,
thelargesttownclosetotheminesite.Withofficesinplace,theprojectstartupteambeg
gettingworkdone,acquiringtheappropriatepermits,anddevelopingrelationshipswithC
Duringtheplanningphase,theprojectteamdevelopedanintegratedprojectschedulethat
design,procurement,andconstructionteams.Theprojectcontrolsteamalsodevelopeda
projectteamtotrackprojectexpendituresagainsttheexpectedexpenses.Theprojectdesi
designanddevelopeddetaileddrawingsforusebytheprocurementteam.Theprocureme
orderingequipmentandmaterialsfortheconstructionteamdeveloplaborprojectionsre
setuptheconstructionsite.Althoughplanningisaneverendingprocessonaproject,the
developingsufficientdetailstoallowvariouspartsoftheprojectteamtocoordinatetheir
managementteamtomakeprioritydecisions.
Theimplementationphaserepresentstheworkdonetomeettherequirementsofthescope
Duringtheimplementationphase,theprojectteamaccomplishedtheworkdefinedinthe
theprojectfactorschanged.Equipmentandmaterialsweredeliveredtotheworksite,labo
constructionsitewasbuilt,andalltheconstructionactivities,fromthearrivalofthefirstd
lightswitch,wereaccomplished.
Thecloseoutphaseincludedturningoverthenewlyconstructedplanttotheoperationstea
fewremainingconstructionitemswasdevelopedandthoseitemscompleted.Theofficein
inBuenosAriesarchivedalltheprojectdocuments,andtheChileanofficewasalreadyw
accountingbookswerereconciledandclosed,finalreportswrittenanddistributed,andth
project.
Attribution
ThischapterofProjectManagementisaderivativecopyofProjectManagement
licensedunderCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0UnportedandProjectManagementFro
Darnall,JohnPreston,EasternMichiganUniversitylicensedunderCreativeCommonsAt
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3/17/2017 3.TheProjectLifeCycle(Phases)|ProjectManagement
3. The Project Life Cycle (Phases) by Adrienne Watt is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.
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