AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN JOHN DENVERS

SONGS

BY

CHONNIPA KLUNKLEEP

5504568

Term Paper Presented To The Faculty Of Liberal Arts In Partial

Fulfillment of The Requirements For The Degree Of Bachelor Of Arts

ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

 RANGSIT UNIVERSITY

2017

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

Date May 10, 2017

The term paper attached hereto entitled An Analysis of Figurative Language Used

in John Denveris songs prepared and submitted by Chonnipa Klunkleep in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts (English) is hereby

accepted.

(Ajarn Stewart Miller)

Adviser

(Ajarn Nakonthep Tipayasuparat, Ph.D.)

Head, English Language Department

 iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This research would not be made possible without support and assistance from

many people to whom I am greatly indebted.

Firstly, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my research paper

advisor, Ajarn Stewart Miller, for his useful advice on the topic of this thematic paper and

his encouragement given to me from the beginning, I also want to give him thanks for

spending his valuable time editing my English Language.

My special thanks and deepest appreciation are also given to all teachers in the

Department of English Language, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Rangsit University for the

support and encouragement. I am very fortunate to have generous teachers like them.

Finally, I would like to give my warmest thanks to my parents and my friends

whose love, support and encouragement enabled me to complete this work.

Chonnipa Klunkleep
 iv

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research was to analyze kinds and contextual meaning

of figurative language used in John Denvers song lyrics. In this study, ten

songs by John Denver have been chosen for analysis using eleven types of

figurative language: Metaphor, Personification, Simile, Alliteration,

Hyperbole, Idiom, Imagery, Oxymoron, Assonance, Rhyme, and

Repetition as tools to analyze. The result showed that the type of figurative

language most found was Rhyme while the least found figurative language

was Simile, Metaphor, Oxymoron, Imagery, and Idiom. It is hoped that this

research can be used as an English resource by teachers of English. The

songs analyzed could be used as examples of teaching English in songs

with figurative language.

 v

CONTENTS

Page

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii

ABSTRACT iv

CONTENTS v

CHAPTER

1. INTRODUCTION 1 1

1.1 Background of Information 1

1.2 Objectives of the study 2

1.3 Scope of the study 3

1.4 Definition of Terms 3

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 5

2.1 Definition of figurative language 6

2.2 Types of figurative language 7

 - Simile 7

vi

Page

- Metaphor 9

- Personification 10

- Hyperbole 11

- Alliteration 13

- Assonance 14

- Rhythm 16

- Repetition 17

- Idiom 19

- Imagery 15

- Rhyme 16

- Oxymoron 23

3. METHODOLOGY 26

3.1 Materials 26

3.2 Data Collection 27

4. SAMPLES OF RESULTS 28

Page

Title 1: Sunshine on my shoulder 29

Title 2: Annies Song 30

Title 3: Perhaps Love 33

Title 4: Poems, Prayers and Promises 36

Title 5: Take Me Home, Country Roads 40

Title 6: Rocky Mountain High 42

Title 7: Follow Me 46

Title 8: For Baby 48

Title 9: Fly Away 51

Title 10: The Eagle And The Hawk 53

5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMANDATIONS 55

5.1 Conclusion 55

5.1 Recommendations 57

REFERENCES 58
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents an introduction of the study. The introduction of this study is

divided in five parts as follows:

1. Background of Information

2. Objective of the study

3. Scope of the Study

4. Definition of Terms

1.1 Background of Information

Nowadays, most people use a form of language to convey and share ideas, feeling,

emotion and information to people both in spoken and written forms. Language has an

important role in everyday life interaction especially English language. English language

is used as an international language for business, tourism, politics and international

relations. Thus, it is very important to learn English and there are many ways to learn the

language especially learning English from songs (http://www.5minuteenglish.com/why-

learn-english.htm/19/January/2017).
 Music is common things that people always find in their daily life and songs can

have an impact on the listener and this is one of the best ways to study English language.

So, it has important to understand figurative language because figurative language can

always be found in the songs ( http://www.fluentu.com/english/blog/learn-english-

through-songs-music/19/January/2017).

Figurative language can be found in literature and poetry where the writing

appeals to the senses. It can do this by giving a word or phrase a specific meaning that

may be different than the literal definition. Sometimes figurative language compares two

things in such a way that you find the comparison interesting and descriptive

(http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-figurative

language.html#MjDAZwJ11o07PmpT.99/19/January/2017).

Then this is one of the best ways to study English. I am interested in analyzing the

meanings of figurative expression in John Denver's lyrics. His ideas and feelings that has

expressed through the song might be difficult to understand the whole lyrics because they

was adopted figurative expression to beautify the lyrical.

1.2 Purposes of the study

- To understand figurative language used in John Denver's song lyrics.

- To enhance understanding of the author's meaning for his readers.

- To avoid misunderstanding or misinterpret and because the nature of John Denver's

songs is to evoke meaning in just a few words or phrases, and the more complex the

comparison, the more likely it is to be misunderstood or misinterpreted as well.

1.3 Scope of the study

This study focuses on figurative language used in John Denver songs. The 10

songs were sung by John Denver have been chosen to investigate 8 types of figurative

language: Metaphors, Simile, Symbol, Hyperbole, Personification, Oxymoron, Rhythm

and Apostrophe.

1.4 Definition of Terms

Figurative language refers to a word or phrase that departs from everyday literal language

for the sake of comparison, emphasis, clarity, or freshness.

Simile refers to a comparison of two things, indicate by some connectivity, usually"
like","as","than" (https://quizlet.com/10206881/poetry-terms-flash-cards/19/January/2017).

Metaphor refers to figure of speech in which two "essentially unlike thing" are shown to

have a type of resemblance or create a new image.

Personification refers to the attribution of a personal nature or character to inanimate

objects or abstract notions
(http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/idiom19/January/2017).

Hyperbole refers to a figure of speech which uses an extravagant or exaggerated

statement to express strong feelings
(http://www.literarydevices.com/hyperbole/19/January/2017).

Oxymoron refers to the combination of contradictory terms

(https://quizlet.com/10206881/poetry-terms-flash-cards/19/January/2017).

Rhymes refers to the words usually placed in the end of the line of the verse that repeat its
final sound under some systematic arrangement
(http://www.dictionary.com/browse/rhymes/19/January/2017).
Repetition refers to the act of repeating, or doing, saying, or writing something
again; repeated action, performance, production, or presentation

(http://www.dictionary.com/browse/repetition/19/January/2017).

Imagery refers to the words or phrases that use a collection of images to appeal to one or
more of the five senses in order to create a mental picture

(https://quizlet.com/10206881/poetry-terms-flash-cards/19/January/2017).

Oxymoron refers to the words are consisted of two apparently contradictory terms

(https://quizlet.com/10206881/poetry-terms-flash-cards/19/January/2017).

Alliteration refers to the repetition of the same consonant sounds at the beginning of
words that are in close proximity to each other

(http://www.literarydevices.com/alliteration/19/January/2017).

Assonance refers to the repetition of a vowel sound or diphthong in non-rhyming words

(http://www.literarydevices.com/alliteration/19/January/2017).

Idiom refers to a group of words in a fixed order that have a particular meaning that is
different from the meanings of each word on its own

(http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/idiom19/January/2017).
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The purpose of this section is to provide background knowledge about this research

paper. It is divided the contents into two main parts, which can be separated ad follows:

1. The Definitions of figurative language.

2. Types of figurative language

2.1 Simile

2.2 Metaphor

2.3 Personification

2.4 Hyperbole

2.5 Alliteration

2.6 Assonance

2.8 Rhythm

2.8 Repetition

2.9 Idiom
 2.10 Imagery

2.11 Oxymoron

1. The Definitions of Figurative Language

According to Robert and Jacob(1876:590) figurative language is used to describe

expression that conform to a particular pattern or from and those patterns, each of which

has a special name, have become the tools or rhetoric and poetry.

Figurative language is using figures of speech to be more effective, persuasive and

impactful. Figures of speech such as metaphors, similes, allusions go beyond the literal

meanings of the words to give the readers new insights. On the other hand, alliterations,

imageries, or onomatopoeias are figurative devices that appeal to the senses of the

readers. Figurative language can appear in multiple forms with the use of different literary

and rhetorical devices. According to Merriam Websters Encyclopedia, figurative

language has five different forms: understatement or emphasis, relationship or

resemblance, figures of sound, errors and verbal games

(http://literarydevices.net/figurative-language/9/January/2017).

Figurative language is also the use of words or expression not in their literal meaning,

in order to achieve an effect, often through imagery. Figures of speech are commonly

used in poetry, but also in daily conversation, prose and non-fiction writing. Using

figurative language may lead to misunderstanding and ambiguities, because the meaning
is shifted from a denotative to a connotative one

(https://www.questia.com/library/communication/language-and-linguistics/grammar-and-

word-use/figurative-language/9/January/2017).

According to Websters Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary (9, January, 2017)

defines that figurative language used in a way that is different from the usual meaning, in

order to create a particular mental picture.

Whenever you describe something by comparing it with something else, you are

using figurative language. Figurative language is "any language that goes beyond the

literal meaning of words in order to furnish new effect or fresh insights into an idea or a

subject. The most common figure of speech are similar, metaphor, and alliteration"

(http://www.orangeusdk12.ca.us/yorba/figurativelanguage.htm/9/January/2017).

Glucksberg (2001: 102) states that "Figurative is a language that is used nonliterally or

in a nonconventional way, such as metaphor or exaggeration. It is often used to

communicate a variety of pragmatically complex discourse goals."

2. Types of figurative language

Figurative language can be explained in many ways such as those follow:

 2.1 Simile

A simile is a figure of speech that directly compares two things through the

explicit use of connecting words (such as like, as, so, than, or various verbs such as

resemble). Although similes and metaphors are generally seen as interchangeable, similes

acknowledge the imperfections and limitations of the comparative relationship to a greater

extent than metaphors. Metaphors are subtler and so rhetorically stronger; metaphors

equate two things rather than simply compare them. Similes also hedge/protect the author

against outrageous, incomplete, or unfair comparison. Generally, metaphor is the stronger

and more encompassing of the two forms of rhetorical analogies

(https://ayeshafarooqiiui.wordpress.com/2015/03/23/figures-of-speech/9/January/2017).

Examples of Simile:

In literature

a) Curley was flopping like a fish on a line. Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck

b) The very mist on the Essex marshes was like a gauzy and radiant fabric.

c) Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world like a Colossus.

d) But the wisdom of our ancestors is in the simile. Charles Dickens, in the opening to A

Christmas Carol.

Using like

A simile can explicitly provide the basis of a comparison or leave this basis implicit. In

the implicit case the simile leaves the audience to determine for themselves which
 features of the target are being predicated. It may be a type of sentence that uses as or

like to connect the words being compared.

a) For hope grew round me, like the twining vine (Coleridge Dejection)

b) And the executioner went off like an arrow. Alices Adventures in Wonderland, by

Lewis Carroll

Using as

a) The use of as makes the simile more explicit.

b) He runs as fast as lightning.

c) The song everything at Once by Lenka is also notable for the use of 18 similes with as

in every verse.

Without like or as

Sometimes similes are submerged, used without using comparative words (like or as).

a) Shall I compare thee to a summers day? / Thou art more lovely and more temperate:

William Shakespeare, Sonnet 18

b) Im happier than a tornado in a trailer park! Mater, Cars

c) How this Herculean Roman does become / the carriage of his chafe. William

Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra Act I, sc. 3.

 2.2 Metaphor

A metaphor is a figure of speech that identifies one thing as being the same as

some unrelated other thing, thus strongly implying the similarities between the two. It is

therefore considered more rhetorically powerful than a simile. While a simile compares

two items, a metaphor directly equates them, and so does not apply any words of

comparison, such as like or as. Metaphor is a type of analogy and is closely related to

other rhetorical figures of speech that achieve their effects via association, comparison or

resemblance including allegory, hyperbole, and simile

(http://examples.yourdictionary.com/metaphor-examples-for-kids.html/9 /January/2017).

Examples of Metaphor:

a) Her home was a prison.

In the above sentence, we understand immediately that her home had some of the

characteristics of a prison. Mainly, we imagine, she could not leave her home. She was

trapped inside. Why it was a prison we do not know, but that would be clear from the

context--perhaps her husband forced her to stay at home, perhaps she was afraid of the

outside. We don't know, but the rest of the story would tell us. What is important here is

that in five simple words we understand a lot about her environment, how she felt and
 how she behaved. In this sentence, "prison" is a metaphor

(https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/figures-metaphor.htm/9/January/2017).

b) George is a sheep.

What is one characteristic of sheep? They follow each other. So we can imagine that

George is a follower, not a leader. In this sentence "sheep" is a metaphor.

2.3 Personification

Personification is a figure of speech in which a thing, an idea or an animal is given

human attributes. The non-human objects are portrayed in such a way that we feel they

have the ability to act like human beings. For example, when we say, The sky weeps we

are giving the sky the ability to cry, which is a human quality. Thus, we can say that the

sky has been personified in the given sentence

(https://literaryterms.net/personification/9/January/2017).

Examples of Personification:

a) Look at my car. She is a beauty, isnt it so?

b) The wind whispered through dry grass.

c) The flowers danced in the gentle breeze.

d) Time and tide waits for none.

e) The fire swallowed the entire forest.

 In Literature

1. Taken from L. M. Montgomerys The Green Gables Letters,

I hied me away to the woodsaway back into the sun-washed alleys carpeted with fallen

gold and glades where the moss is green and vivid yet. The woods are getting ready to

sleepthey are not yet asleep but they are disrobing and are having all sorts of little bed-

time conferences and whisperings and good-nights.

The lack of activity in the forest has been beautifully personified as the forest getting

ready to sleep, busy in bed-time chatting and wishing good-nights, all of which are human

customs.

2. Taken from Act I, Scene II of Romeo and Juliet,

When well-appareled April on the heel of limping winter treads.

April cannot put on a dress, and winter does not limp and it does not have a heel on which

a month can walk. Shakespeare personifies the month of April and the winter season by

giving them two distinct human qualities.

2.4 Hyperbole

Hyperbole, derived from a Greek word meaning over-casting is a figure of speech,

which involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis. It is a device that we

employ in our day-to-day speech. For instance, when you meet a friend after a long time,
 you say, Ages have passed since I last saw you. You may not have met him for three or

four hours or a day, but the use of the word ages exaggerates this statement to add

emphasis to your wait. Therefore, a hyperbole is an unreal exaggeration to emphasize the

real situation. Some other common Hyperbole examples are given below

(http://literarydevives.net/hyperbole/9/January/2017).

Examples of Hyperbole:

a) My grandmother is as old as the hills.

b) Your suitcase weighs a ton!

c) She is as heavy as an elephant!

d) I am dying of shame.

e) I am trying to solve a million issues these days.

It is important not to confuse hyperbole with simile and metaphor. It does make a

comparison but unlike simile and metaphor, hyperbole has a humorous effect created by

an overstatement.

In Literature

In American folk lore, Paul Bunyans stories are full of hyperboles. In one instance, he

exaggerates winter by saying:

Well now, one winter it was so cold that all the geese flew backward and all the fish

moved south and even the snow turned blue. Late at night, it got so frigid that all spoken
 words froze solid afore they could be heard. People had to wait until sunup to find out

what folks were talking about the night before.

Freezing of the spoken words at night in winter and then warming up of the words

in the warmth of the sun during the day are examples of hyperbole that have been

effectively used by Paul Bunyan in this short excerpt.

2.5 ALLITERATION

Alliteration is derived from Latins Latira. It means letters of alphabet. It is a

stylistic device in which a number of words, having the same first consonant sound, occur

close together in a series

(https://www.youngwriters.co.uk/terms-alliteration /19/January/2017)

Examples of Alliteration:

a) But a better butter makes a batter better.

b) A big bully beats a baby boy.

Both sentences are alliterative because the same first letter of words (B) occurs close

together and produces alliteration in the sentence. An important point to remember here is

that alliteration does not depend on letters but on sounds. So the phrase not knotty is

alliterative, but cigarette chase is not.

 SOME COMMON EXAMPLES OF ALLITERATION

In our daily life, we notice alliteration in the names of different companies. It makes the

name of a company catchy and easy to memorize. Here are several common alliteration

examples.

1. Dunkin Donuts

2. PayPal

3. Best Buy

4. Coca-Cola

We also find alliterations in names of people, making such names prominent and

easy to be remembered. For instance, both fictional characters and real people may stand

out prominently in your mind due to the alliterative effects of their names. Examples are:

1. Ronald Reagan

2. Sammy Sosa

3. Jesse Jackson

4. Michael Moore

In Literature

From James Joyces The Dead

His soul swooned slowly as he heard the snow falling faintly through the universe and

faintly falling, like the descent of their last end, upon all the living and the dead.
 We notice several instances of alliteration in the above mentioned prose work of James

Joyce. Alliterations are with s and f in the phrases swooned slowly and falling

faintly.

2.6 ASSONANCE

Assonance takes place when two or more words close to one another repeat the same

vowel sound but start with different consonant sounds

(http://fos.iloveindia.com/assonance-examples.html /19/January/2017).

Example of Assonance:

a) Men sell the wedding bells.

The same vowel sound of the short vowel -e- repeats itself in almost all the words

excluding the definite article. The words do share the same vowel sounds but start with

different consonant sounds unlike alliteration that involves repetition of the same

consonant sounds. Below are a few assonance examples that are more common:

b) We light fire on the mountain.

c) I feel depressed and restless

d) Go and mow the lawn.

e) Johnny went here and there and everywhere.

f) The engineer held the steering to steer the vehicle

In Literature

Assonance is primarily used in poetry in order to add rhythm and music, by adding an

internal rhyme to a poem. Let us look at some examples of assonance from literature.

Try to notice the use of assonance in Robert Frosts poem Fire and Ice:

He gives his harness bells a shake

To ask if there is some mistake.

The only other sounds the sweep

Of easy wind and downy flake.

The woods are lovely, dar and deep.

But I have promises to keep,

And miles to go before I sleep,

And miles to go before I sleep,

The underlined bold letters in the above extract are vowels that are repeated to create

assonance.

2.2.7 RHYTHM

The word rhythm is derived from rhythmos (Greek) which means, Measured motion.

Rhythm is a literary device which demonstrates the long and short patterns through

stressed and unstressed syllables particularly in verse form

(https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rhythm/19/January/2017).

In Literature

English literature is full of rhythmical poems and pieces of prose. There are many poets

and authors who have used rhythm in their works. Just have a look at some examples:

Two households, both alike in dignity,

In fair Verona, where we lay our scene,

From ancient grudge break to new mutiny,

Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean.

From forth the fatal loins of these two foes

A pair of star-crossd lovers take their life;

(Romeo Juliet by Shakespeare)

 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the information of the materials used in the research is informed.

Moreover, the research's procedures and data collection are described in order to facilitate

the understanding of the readers when reading or studying this research and assist the

readers in searching information from cited materials for their father study.

Materials

The lyrics of John Denver's 10 songs have been used to analyze.

Album, titled Poems, Prayer and Promises (1971)

1. Poems, Prayer and Promises

2. Take me Home, Country Roads

Album, titled Take me to Tomorrow (1970)

3. Follow me

Album, titled Rock Mountain High (1972)

4. Rock Mountain High

5. For baby

Album, titled Greatest Hits (1973)

6. Sunshine on my shoulder

Album, titled Back Home Again (1974)

7. Annie's song

Album, titled Windsong (1975)

8. Fly Away

Album, titled Aerie (1971)

9. The Eagle and The Hawk

Album, titled Perhaps Love (1982)

10. Perhaps Love

Data Collection

1. Chose the songs which were used to study.

2. Investigated the sentences that might be figurative language and discussed with my

advisee.

3. Analyzed all of the sentences and have them checked.

4. Calculated the percentage of figurative language.

5. Made are result, discussions and recommendations.

 CHAPTER IV

SAMPLES OF RESULTS

In this chapter, it described examples of eleven types of figurative language from

the John Denver's songs. Here are the ten songs.

Title of the songs:

1. Sunshine on My Shoulder.

2. Poems, Prayers and Promises

3. Take Me Home, Country Road

4. Rocky Mountain High

5. Follow me

6. For Baby

7. Fly away

8. The Eagle and the Hawk

9. Annie's song

10. Perhaps love

1) SUNSHINE ON MY SHOULDER
(http://www.lyricsfreak.com/j/john+denver/sunshine+on+my+shoulders_2007389
3.html)

1.1) Sound Devices Used

Sunshine on my shoulders makes me happy

Sunshine in my eyes can make me cry
Sunshine on the water looks so lovely
Alliteration: Almost and Always are the repetition of
Sunshine almost always make me high
the same letter sounds.
If I had day that I could give you
I'd give to you a day just like today
If I had a song that I could sing for you Rhyme: Today and Way are the last words at the end
I'd sing a song to make you feel, this way of the lines that repeat it final sound.
If I had a tale that I could tell you
Alliteration: Tell and Tale are the repetition of the
I'd tell a tale sure to make you smile same letter sounds.
If I had wish that I could wish for you
I'd make a wish for sunshine all the while Rhyme: Smile and While are the last words at the end
Sunshine almost always........... of the lines that repeat it final sound.
Sunshine almost all the time make me high

1.2) Figurative Language Used

Sunshine on my shoulders makes me happy

Sunshine in my eyes can make me cry
Sunshine on the water looks so lovely
Sunshine almost always makes me high
If I had a day that I could give you
I'd give to you the day just like today
If I had a song that I could sing for you
I'd sing a song to make you feel this way
Sunshine on my shoulders makes me happy
Sunshine in my eyes can make me cry
Sunshine on the water looks so lovely
Sunshine almost always makes me high
This sentence is analyzed as using the
figurative language of Idiom. Give the time
of day means to give somebody respect or
attention. He expresses the feeling of sadness
of the loss of love. He regrets that he could not
be with her and make her happy anymore.
-
https://www.englishforums.com/English/WhatDoesGive
Mean/
pngd/post.htm
-
http://www.lyricsmode.com/lyrics/j/john_denver/sunsh
ine_
on_my_shoulders.html
If I had a tale that I could tell you
I'd tell a tale sure to make you smile
If I had a wish that I could wish for you
I'd make a wish for sunshine for all the while
2) ANNIES SONG
(http://www.lyricsfreak.com/j/john+denver/annies+song_20073319.html)

2.1) Sound Devices Used

You fill up my senses like a night in a forest

Like the mountains in springtime
Like a walk in the rain
Like a storm in the desert
Like a sleepy blue ocean
Repetition: repeats the same word Like a few
times to create rhythm and bring attention to an
idea.

You fill up my senses Rhyme: Rain and Again are the last words at the
Come fill me again end of the lines that repeat it final sound.
Come let me love you
Let me give my life to you

Let me drown in your laughter Repetition: repeats the same word Let me a
Let me die in your arms few times to create rhythm and bring attention
Let me lay down beside you to an idea.
Let me always be with you

Come let me love you Repetition: repeats the same word Come a few
Come love me again times to create rhythm and bring attention to an
idea.
You fill up my senses
Like a night in a forest
Like the mountains in springtime
Like a walk in the rain
Like a storm in the desert
Like a sleepy blue ocean
You fill up my senses
Come fill me again
2.2) Figurative Language Used

You fill up my senses like a night in a forest

Like the mountains in springtime
Like a walk in the rain
Like a storm in the desert
Like a sleepy blue ocean

You fill up my senses

Come fill me again
Come let me love you This sentence is analyzed as using the figure of speech of
Let me give my life to you "Simile. A night in the forest symbolize a fear of the
unknown or unseen. His girlfriend is compared with a
Let me drown in your laughter night in the forest because living in a forest either his
Let me die in your arms girlfriend makes him feel fear of the unknown things.
Let me lay down beside you - http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=3003
Let me always be with you
Come let me love you
Come love me again

You fill up my senses

Like a night in a forest
Like the mountains in springtime This sentence is analyzed as using the figure of speech of
Like a walk in the rain "Simile. Springtime is the season of growth, which is
Like a storm in the desert the year during which the weather becomes warmer and
Like a sleepy blue ocean plants revive. His senses is compared with the
You fill up my senses mountain in springtime, so the appropriate image for
Come fill me again love is the maturity, warmth and growth.
-http://www.mensaforkids.org/MFK2/assets/File/Teach/Lesson
Plans/Lesson_MagicMusicTour.pdf
- http://www.thefreedictionary.com/springtime

This sentence is analyzed as using the figure of speech of

"Simile. His senses is compared with a walk in the
rain which the the rain can be seen as a problems, which
he sees it as a challenge to get through it.
- Some see the rain as a positive thing and see the inner
beauty of it. Others see it as a hindrance, something to
just get them all wet. It's kind of like looking at the glass
as "half full" (optimistic) or "half empty" (pessimistic).
- http://www.mensaforkids.org/MFK2/assets/File/Teach/
LessonPlans/Lesson_MagicMusicTour.pdf
- https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=
20090115132142AAHyfMF
You fill up my senses like a night in a forest
Like the mountains in springtime
Like a walk in the rain
Like a storm in the desert
Like a sleepy blue ocean
You fill up my senses
Come fill me again
Come let me love you This sentence is analyzed as using the figure of speech of
Let me give my life to you "Simile. His senses is compared with a storm in the
desesrt, so that the image of Annie Denver is conveyed
Let me drown in your laughter with a crisis or a bad thing that John Denver feels. Storm
Let me die in your arms is a crisis or somebody that lives through tough times
Let me lay down beside you - http://www.mensaforkids.org/MFK2/assets/File/Teach/Lesson
Plans/Lesson_MagicMusicTour.pdf
Let me always be with you
- http://esl-bits.net/idioms/id672.htm
Come let me love you
Come love me again

You fill up my senses

Like a night in a forest
Like the mountains in springtime This sentence is analyzed as using the figure
Like a walk in the rain of speech of "Simile. His senses is compared
Like a storm in the desert with a sleepy blue ocean because she makes
Like a sleepy blue ocean him feels calm like a sleepy ocean. Sleepy
You fill up my senses means calm or silence when compounding
Come fill me again with the word, ocean.
-
http://www.mensaforkids.org/MFK2/assets/File/Teach/
LessonPlans/Lesson_MagicMusicTour.pdf
- http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/sleep
3) PERHAPS LOVE
(http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/johndenver/perhapslove.html)

3.1) Sound Devices Used

Perhaps love is like a resting place

A shelter from the storm
It exists to give you comfort Repetition: repeats the same word It a few
It is there to keep you warm times to create rhythm and bring attention to an
idea.
And in tho se times of trouble
When you are most alone
The memory of love will bring you home

Perhaps love is like a window Repetition: repeats the same word Perhaps a
few times to create rhythm and bring attention
Perhaps an open door to an idea.
It invites you to come closer
It wants to show you more
And even if you lose yourself
And don't know what to do
The memory of love will see you through

Oh, love to some is like a cloud

To some as strong as steel
Rhyme: Steel and Feel are the last words at the
For some a way of living end of the lines that repeat it final sound.
For some a way to feel
And some say love is holding on
Repetition: repeats the same word Some a few
And some say letting go times to create rhythm and bring attention to an
And some say love is everything idea.
And some say they don't know

Perhaps love is like the ocean

Full of conflict, full of pain
Rhyme: Pain and Rain are the last words at the
Like a fire when it's cold outside end of the lines that repeat it final sound.
Or thunder when it rains
If I should live forever
And all my dreams come true
My memories of love will be of you
3.2) Figurative Language Used

Perhaps love is like a resting place

A shelter from the storm
It exists to give you comfort
It is there to keep you warm
And in those times of trouble
When you are most alone
The memory of love will bring you home This sentence is analyzed as using the figure of speech of
"Simile. He compares love with a resting place, which
Perhaps love is like a window it means that love makes him feel like he is sheltered
Perhaps an open door from the storm.
It invites you to come closer
It wants to show you more
And even if you lose yourself
And don't know what to do
The memory of love will see you through This sentence is analyzed as using the figure of speech of
"Personification. It refers to love, but love cannot
Love to some is like a cloud literally exists to give a comfort; its a human action.
to some as strong as steel This sentence expresses the feeling of warmth and
For some a way of living comfort when he loves someone.
For some a way to feel
And some say love is holding on
And some say letting go
And some say love is everything
And some say they don't know This sentence is analyzed as using the figure of speech of
"Personification. The memory of love cannot be given
Perhaps love is like the ocean human attributes, bringing. The meaning of this
sentence is that the memory of love makes him feel like
Full of conflict, full of change
home which home symbolizes as warmth or reminds
Like a fire when it's cold outside
her of the good memory at home.
Or thunder when it rains
If I should live forever Perhaps love
And all my dreams come true
My memories of love will be of you

This sentence is analyzed as using the

figure of speech of "Metaphor. Love is
compared holding on, letting go and
everything. He said that the meaning of love
for someone are different; some says it is
holding on, which means to hold something
tightly or to live together, but some says Sources:
letting go, which means to allow a person to https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090
go free. 525125639AAbuHnT
-
http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/brit http://www.acousticthai.net/perhaps_love_john_denve
ish/ r.htm
hold-on
-
Perhaps love is like a resting place
A shelter from the storm
It exists to give you comfort
It is there to keep you warm
And in those times of trouble
When you are most alone
The memory of love will bring you home
This sentence is analyzed as using the figure of speech of
Perhaps love is like a window "Simile. A window and an open door are compared
Perhaps an open door with love, which they are opening or inviting somebody
It invites you to come closer to come closer.
It wants to show you more
And even if you lose yourself
And don't know what to do
The memory of love will see you through

Love to some is like a cloud

to some as strong as steel
For some a way of living
For some a way to feel
And some say love is holding on
And some say letting go
And some say love is everything
And some say they don't know
Perhaps love is like the ocean
Full of conflict, full of change
Like a fire when it's cold outside
Or thunder when it rains
If I should live forever Perhaps love
And all my dreams come true
My memories of love will be of you
This sentence is analyzed as using the figure of speech of
"Personification. It refers to love from previous
sentence. So, love cannot be given human attributes,
inviting and wants to show. The meaning of this
sentence is that when you in love with somebody, you
want to learn about that person more than you have
known.
This sentence is analyzed as using the figure of speech of
"Simile using the word like and as to compare love
with cloud and steel. Cloud gives an indication of your
current state of mind, which some obscure or some quite
clear. Steel is symbolic of strength and invulnerability.
-
http://www.thehypertexts.com/Best%20Symbols%20in%20Poetry%
20
4) POEMS, PRAYERS AND PROMISES
(http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/johndenver/poemsprayersandpromises.html)

4.1) Sound Devices Used

I've been lately thinking

About my life's time
All the things I've done
And how it's been
And I can't help believing

In my own mind
I know I'm gonna hate to see it end
I've seen a lot of sunshine
Slept out in the rain
Spent a night or two all on my own

I've known my lady's pleasures

Had myself some friends
And spent a time or two all on my own
And I have to say it now
Repetition: repeats the same word It a few times to
It's been a good life all in all create rhythm and bring attention to an idea.
It's really fine
To have a chance to hang around
Rhyme: Fire and Tire are the last words at the end of the
And lie there by the fire lines that repeat it final sound.
And watch the evening tire
Alliteration: Pass, Pipe, Poems, Prayers and
While all my friends and my old lady Promises are the repetition of the same letter
Sit and pass the pipe around sounds.
And talk of poems and prayers and promises http://examples.yourdictionary.com/alliteration-
And things that we believe in
Alliteration: Sweet and Someone are the repetition of the
same letter sounds
How sweet it is to love someone http://examples.yourdictionary.com/alliteration-examples.html
How right it is to care
How long it's been since yesterday Rhyme: Care and Share are the last words at the end of
And what about tomorrow the lines that repeat it final sound.
And what about our dreams
And all the memories we share Repetition: repeats the same word How a few times to
create rhythm and bring attention to an idea.
The days they pass so quickly now
Nights are seldom long

And time around me whispers when it's cold Rhyme: Cold and Old are the last words
at the end of the lines that repeat it final
sound.
The changes somehow frighten me http://examples.yourdictionary.com/alliteration-
Still I have to smile
It turns me on to think of growing old
For though my life's been good to me
There's still so much to do
So many things my mind has never known
Repetition: repeats the same word Id like to a
I'd like to raise a family few times to create rhythm and bring attention to
I'd like to sail away an idea.
And dance across the mountains on the moon
4.2) Figurative Language Used

I've been lately thinking

About my life's time
All the things I've done
And how it's been
And I can't help believing
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
In my own mind language of Personification. Sunshine cannot
I know I'm gonna hate to see it end really sleep out in the rain. The writer makes
I've seen a lot of sunshine sunshine has movement, which means that even
Slept out in the rain sometimes you feel lonely or sad, because slept
out means to sleep outdoors, and Rain in this
sentence expresses the feeling of sadness.
Spent a night or two all on my own - http://www.thefreedictionary.com/sleep+out
- https://www.reference.com/world-view/rain-symbolize-
I've known my lady's pleasures 5892bd1c2cb7db83#
Had myself some friends
And spent a time or two all on my own
And I have to say it now

It's been a good life all in all

It's really fine
To have a chance to hang around
And lie there by the fire
And watch the evening tire

While all my friends and my old lady

Sit and pass the pipe around
And talk of poems and prayers and promises
And things that we believe in
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
How sweet it is to love someone language of Personification because time cannot
whisper. Time is compared to a person doing the
How right it is to care
action of whispering. This sentence refers to time
How long it's been since yesterday which whisper but actually whisper is an action
And what about tomorrow of human and time is noun (not human).
And what about our dreams
And all the memories we share

The days they pass so quickly now

Nights are seldom long
And time around me whispers when it's cold
he changes somehow frighten me
Still I have to smile

It turns me on to think of growing old

For though my life's been good to me
There's still so much to do
So many things my mind has never known

I'd like to raise a family

I'd like to sail away
And dance across the mountains on the moon
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
language of Hyperbole because it actually means
that he would like to go or escape to somewhere
far away like sailing in the sea, which makes him
feel free, but he did not really go sailing, and
Dance across the moutains on the moon
means that he would like to dance or having fun,
but he cannot dance across the moon. This
sentence means that he want to have fun in many
places far away from where he lives.
5) Take Me Home, Country Roads
(http://www.metrolyrics.com/take-me-home-country-roads-lyrics-john-
denver.html)

5.1) Sound Devices Used

Almost heaven, West Virginia,

Blue Ridge Mountains
Rhyme: River, Her and Water are the last words at the
Shenandoah River.
end of the lines that repeat it final sound.
Life is old there,
Older than the trees,
Younger than the mountains
Growin' like a breeze.

Country roads, take me home

To the place where I belong
West Virginia, mountain momma,
Take me home, country roads.

All my memories gathered 'round her,

Miner's lady, stranger to blue water. Alliteration: Dark and Dusty are the repetition of the
Dark and dusty, painted on the sky, same letter sounds
Misty taste of moonshine, http://examples.yourdictionary.com/alliteration-examples.html

Teardrop in my eye.

Country roads, take me home

To the place I belong
West Virginia, mountain momma,
Take me home, country roads.

I hear her voice, in the mornin' hour she calls me,

Radio reminds me of my home far away
And driving down the road I get a feeling that
I should have been home yesterday, yesterday

Country roads, take me home

To the place where I belong:
West Virginia, mountain momma,
Take me home, country roads.
5.2) Figurative Language Used
Almost heaven, West Virginia,
Blue Ridge Mountains
Shenandoah River.
Life is old there,
Older than the trees,
Younger than the mountains
Growin' like a breeze.
Country roads, take me home
To the place where I belong:
West Virginia, mountain momma,
Take me home, country roads.
All my memories gathered 'round her,
Miner's lady, stranger to blue water.
Dark and dusty, painted on the sky,
Misty taste of moonshine,
Teardrop in my eye.
Country roads, take me home
To the place I belong:
West Virginia, mountain momma,
Take me home, country roads.
I hear her voice, in the mornin' hour she calls me,
Radio reminds me of my home far away
And driving down the road I get a feeling that
I should have been home yesterday, yesterday
Country roads, take me home
To the place where I belong
West Virginia, mountain momma,
Take me home, country roads.
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
language of Simile because the life is compared with a
breeze by using the word like to compare. A breeze
means a gentle wind. The meaning of the word
Growing is become gradually or increasingly. This
sentence means the age has increased gradually like a
wind
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/breeze
https://translate.google.co.th/?sa=N&hl=en#en/th/Growing
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
language of Personification because the roads cannot
take him home. Take is an action of human and road is
a thing that human built and it is not alive, so that it
cannot do the action. This sentence means when he sees
Mountain mamma, it makes him think about his home.
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
language of Personification because memories cannot
gather. Gather is a human action and memories is the
feelings. This sentence means that he expresses his
memories about her through the song.
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
language of Personification because dark and dusty
are colors and they cannot be painted on the sky. This
sentence means that the color of the sky looks dark and
fulls of dust.
This sentence is analyzed as using the
figurative language of Imagery by hear.
He depicts his feeling of missing home and
his lover. He felt like he heard his lover
called him in the morning.
6) ROCKY MOUNTAIN HIGH
(http://www.metrolyrics.com/rocky-mountain-high-lyrics-john-denver.html)

6.1) Sound Devices Used

He was born in the summer of his 27th year,

coming home to a place he'd never been before.
He left yesterday behind him,
you might born again, say he was born again
you might say he found a key every door.
Rhyme: Again and Mountain are the last
words at the end of the lines that repeat
it final sound.

When he first came to the mountains, Rhyme: Song and Long are the
last words at the end of the lines
his life was far away on the road and hanging by a song. that repeat it final sound under
the systematic arrangement.
But the strings already broken and he doesnt really care,
It keeps changing fast, and it dont last for long

And the Colorado Rocky Mountain high, Rhyme: Sky and Lullaby are the
last words at the end of the lines
l've seen it raining fire in the sky
that repeat it final sound under
The shadows from the starlight are softer than a lullaby. the systematic arrangement.
Rocky Mountain high, Colorado. Rocky Mountain high.

He climbed cathedral mountain, he saw silver clouds below,

He saw everything as far as you can see
And they say that he got crazy once and he tried to touch the sun,
And he lost a friend, but kept the memory.
Now he walks in quiet solitude,
the forest and the streams,
seeking grace in every step he takes.
His sight is turned inside himself,
to try and understand
The serenity of a clear blue mountain lake.
And the Colorado Rocky Mountain high,
l've seen it raining fire in the sky
The shadows from the starlight are softter than a lullaby.
Alliteration: Seeking and Step are the
repetition of the same letter sounds.
http://examples.yourdictionary.com/alliteration-
examples.html
Rhyme: Takes and Lake are the last
words at the end of the lines that repeat
it final sound under the systematic
arrangement.

Rocy Mountain high, Colorado. Rocy Mountain high.

Now his life is full of wonder, but his heart still some fear,
Of a simple thing he cannot comprehend.

Why they try to tear the mountains down to bring in a couple more,
more people, more scars upon the land.
And the Colorado Rocky high, I've seen it raining fire in the sky.
Friends around the campfire and everybodys high.
Friends around the campfire and everybodys high.
Ill walk in the rain by your side
Ill cling to the warmth of your hand Repetition: repeats the same word Ill a few
Ill do anything to keep you satisfied times to create rhythm and bring attention to
an idea.
Ill love you more than anybody can
6.2) Figurative Language Used

He was born in the summer of his 27th year,

coming home to a place he'd never been before.
He left yesterday behind him,
you might born again, say he was born again This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
you might say he found a key every door language of Idiom because found a key means
find the way out in every problems.

When he first came to the mountains

his life was far away on the road and hanging by a song. This sentence is analyzed as using the
But the strings already broken and he doesnt really care,figurative language of Oxymoron
because raining fire are the two
It keeps changing fast, and it dont last for long opposite ideas joined to create a new
And the Colorado Rocky Mountain high, meaning. This compound noun means
l've seen it raining fire in the sky that fire falls down from the sky so fast
and so much like the rain.

The shadows from the starlight

are softer than a lullaby.
Rocky Mountain high, Colorado.
Rocky Mountain high
He climbed cathedral mountain,
he saw silver clouds below,
He saw everything as far as you can see.
And they say that he got crazy once
and he tried to touch the sun,
And he lost a friend, but kept the memory.
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
language of Metaphor because it compares the
shadows from the starlight to a lullaby. The
sentence talks about the shadows that are softer
than a lullaby. It means the shadows of the starlight
makes him feel comfortable and gentle like a lullaby.
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
language of Hyperbole because he does not
literally touch the sun, but the hyperbolic
expression suggests that he went so high up the
mountain, so it seemed as though he touched the
sun.

Now he walks in quiet solitude,

the forest and the streams,
seeking grace in every step he takes.
His sight is turned inside himself,
to try and understand
The serenity of a clear blue mountain lake.
And the Colorado Rocky Mountain high,
l've seen it raining fire in the sky
The shadows from the starlight are softter than a lullaby.
Rocky Mountain high, Colorado. Rocky Mountain high.

Now his life is full of wonder,

but his heart still some fear,
Of a simple thing he cannot comprehend.
Why they try to tear the mountains down
To bring in a couple more,
more people, more scars upon the land.
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
language of Hyperbole. They in this sentence,
who try to tear the mountains down, means that
people nowdays trying to destroy something that
was built by nature and replace it with something
they built instead. It is clear when considerate the
sentence that he writes more people, more scars
upon the land. Scars is a mark of damage, so the
scars on the land is the damage that people have
destroyed.
- http://www.thefreedictionary.com/scar

And the Colorado Rocky high, I've seen it raining fire in the sky.
Friends around the campfire and everybodys high.
Friends around the campfire and everybodys high.

Ill walk in the rain by your side

Ill cling to the warmth of your hand This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
Ill do anything to keep you satisfied language of Imagery by touch because we would
Ill love you more than anybody can know it from the phrase Cling the warmth of your
hand
7) FOLLOW ME
(http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/johndenver/followme.html)

7.1) Sound Devices Used

It's by far the hardest thing I've ever done

To be so in love with you and so alone
Alliteration: Where and What are the
Follow me where I go what I do and who I know repetition of the same letter sounds

Make it part of you to be a part of me

Follow me up and down all the way and all around Assonance: Down and Around are the
repetitions of the sound of a vowel.
Take my hand and say you'll follow me

It's long been on my mind Assonance: Take, Hand and Say are the
repetitions of the sound of a vowel.
You know it's been a long, long time
Assonance: Know and Long are the
repetitions of the sound of a vowel.
I've tried to find the way
that I can make you understand
Assonance: Tried and Find are the
The way I feel about you repetitions of the sound of a vowel.
and just how much I need you
To be there where I can talk to you
When there's no one else around

Follow me where I go what I do and who I know

Make it part of you to be a part of me
It's by far the hardest thing I've ever done
To be so in love with you and so alone

Take my hand and say you'll follow me

You see I'd like to share my life with you
And show you things I've seen
Places that I'm going to places where I've been Rhyme: Seen and Been are the last words at
the end of the lines that repeat it final sound.

To have you there beside me and never be alone
And all the time that you're with me, we will be at home
Follow me where I go what I do and who I know
Make it part of you to be a part of me
Follow me up and down all the way
Alliteration: With, We and Will are
the repetition of the same letter
sounds.
Take my hand and I will follow you

7.2) Figurative Language Used

It's by far the hardest thing I've ever done

To be so in love with you and so alone
Follow me where I go
what I do and who I know

Make it part of you to be a part of me

Follow me up and down all the way and all around
Take my hand and say you'll follow me
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
It's long been on my mind language of Imagery by touch and sight because we
can see the picture of a woman follows and stays with a
You know it's been a long, long time man and the touch of their hands..
I've tried to find the way
that I can make you understand

The way I feel about you and just how much I need you
To be there where I can talk to you
When there's no one else around

Follow me where I go what I do and who I know

Make it part of you to be a part of me
It's by far the hardest thing I've ever done

To be so in love with you and so alone

Take my hand and say you'll follow me
You see I'd like to share my life with you
And show you things I've seen

Places that I'm going to places where I've been

To have you there beside me and never be alone
And all the time that you're with me, we will be at home

Follow me where I go what I do and who I know

Make it part of you to be a part of me
Follow me up and down all the way
Take my hand and I will follow you
8) FOR BABY

(http://www.lyricsfreak.com/j/john+denver/for+baby_10151999.html)

8.1) Sound Devices Used

I'll walk in the rain by your side,

I'll cling to the warmth of your hand,
Do anything to keep you satisfied
I'll love you more than anybody can.
And the wind will whisper your name to me Alliteration: Wind, Will and Whisper are the
repetition of the same letter sounds.
Little birds will sing along in time,
Leaves will bow down when you walk by
And morning bells will chime.

I'll be there when you're feelin' down

To kiss away the tears that you cry,
I'll share with you all the happiness I've found Alliteration: Will, When and Walk are the repetition
of the same letter sounds
A reflection of the love in your eyes.
And I'll sing you the songs of the rainbow,
the whisper of the joy that is mine
Leaves will bow down when you walk by
And morning bells will chime.
I'll walk in the rain by your side,
I'll cling to the warmth of your tiny hand,
I'll do anything to help you understand,
I'll love you more than anybody can.

And the wind will whisper your name to me

Rhyme: Time and Chime are the last words at the
Little birds will sing along in time, end of the lines that repeat it final sound.
Leaves will bow down when you walk by
And morning bells will chime.
8.2) Figurative Language Used
I'll walk in the rain by your side,
I'll cling to the warmth of your hand,
Do anything to keep you satisfied
I'll love you more than anybody can.
And the wind will whisper your name to me
Little birds will sing along in time,
Leaves will bow down when you walk by
And morning bells will chime.
I'll be there when you're feelin' down
To kiss away the tears that you cry,
I'll share with you all the happiness I've found
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative language of
Idiom, which doing something by your side means to support
someone.
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
language of Personification because the wind is
non-living thing and whisper is a human action. This
sentence means that when the wind passes by, it
reminds him of his lover.
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
language of Personification because birds cannot
sing. Sing is a human action. This sentence means
that little birds make a voice and it sounds like
singing a song.
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
language of Personification because leaves are
not alive and bow is a human action, so that leaves
cannot do human action. Bow in this sentence
means falling, so that the leaves is falling when he
walks by.
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
language of Idiom by the word Kiss away. It
means to kiss something and make something bad
go away, such as tears, grief, pain, etc.
- http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/kiss+away
A reflection of the love in your eyes.
And I'll sing you the songs of the rainbow,

the whisper of the joy that is mine

Leaves will bow down when you walk by

And morning bells will chime.
I'll walk in the rain by your side,
I'll cling to the warmth of your tiny hand,
I'll do anything to help you understand, This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
I'll love you more than anybody can. language of Personification because the joy is
emotion and whisper is a human action. So that,
And the wind will whisper your name to me the emotion cannot do a human action. This
sentence means that he tells her about his
Little birds will sing along in time, enjoyment.
Leaves will bow down when you walk by
And morning bells will chime.
9) FLY AWAY
(http://www.metrolyrics.com/fly-away-lyrics-john-denver.html)

9.1) Sound Devices Used

All of her days have gone soft and cloudy,

Rhyme: Cloudy and Shady are the last words at the
all of her dreams have gone dry. end of the lines that repeat it final sound.
All of her nights have gone sad and shady.
She's getting ready to fly.

Fly away,
Fly away,
Fly away.

Life in the city can make you crazy

Alliteration: Sounds, Sand and Sea are the
for sounds of the sand and the sea. repetition of the same letter sounds.

Life in a high rise can make you hungry

for things that you can't even see.
Assonance: Life, High and Rise are the repetitions
of the sound of a vowel.
Fly away,
fly away,
fly away.
Assonance: Whole, World, Nobody and
In this whole world there's nobody as lonely as she; Lonely are the repetitions of the sound
there's nowhere to go of a vowel.
and there's nowhere that she'd rather be.

She's looking for lovers and children playing,

she's looking for signs of the spring. Rhyme: Playing, Spring, Dancing and Thing are
the last words at the end of the lines that repeat
She listens for laughter and sounds of dancing, it final sound under the systematic arrangement.
she listens for any old thing.

Fly away,
fly away,
fly away.

In this whole world there's nobody as lonely as she;

there's nowhere to go and there's nowhere that she'd rather be.
All of her days have gone soft and cloudy,
9.2) Figurative Language Used
All of her days have gone soft and cloudy,
all of her dreams have gone dry.
All of her nights have gone sad and shady.
She's getting ready to fly.
Fly away,
Fly away,
Fly away.
Life in the city can make you crazy
for sounds of the sand and the sea.
Life in a high rise can make you hungry
for things that you can't even see.
Fly away,
fly away,
fly away.
In this whole world there's nobody
as lonely as she;
In this whole world there's nobody
as lonely as she;
there's nowhere to go
and there's nowhere that she'd rather be.
She's looking for lovers and children playing,
she's looking for signs of the spring.
She listens for laughter and sounds of dancing,
she listens for any old thing.
Fly away,
fly away,
fly away.
10) THE EAGLE AND THE HAWK
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
language of Metaphor because it compares her
days with soft and cloudy. Soft and cloudy is not
the literal meaning and there meanings are boring
and shady. In this sentence means that her days
have gone boring and look shady.
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
language of Metaphor because it compares
dreams with dryness. The dream cannot really has
gone dry but this sentence means that she has lost
her dreams or forgotten her dreams.
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
language of Hyperbole because it is an
overstatement. She refers to a woman, which
human cannot fly. This sentence means that she is
getting ready to escape or go away from that place.
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
language of Hyperbole because it is an
overstatement. It is different from literal meaning.
Crazy in this sentence means mentally ill or
feeling angry or annoyed.
This sentence is analyzed as using the figurative
language of Hyperbole because it is an
overstatement. A high rise cannot make you
hungry, but it means having a strong desire or a
wish of something. This sentence means that life in
a high rise makes you have a strong desire for
something.
(http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/johndenver/theeagleandthehawk.html)

10.1) Sound Devices Used

I am the eagle, I live in high country

In rocky cathedrals that reach to the sky
I am the hawk
and there's blood on my feathers
Rhyme: Sky, Dry and Fly are the last words at the
But time is still turning they soon will be dry end of the lines that repeat it final sound.

And all of those who see me,

all who believe in me
Share in the freedom I feel when I fly
Alliteration: With, West and Wind are the
Come dance with the west wind repetition of the same letter sounds.
and touch on the mountain tops
Come dance with the west wind
Sail over the canyons and up to the stars.

And reach for the heavens

and hope for the future Repetition: repeats the same word And a few
and all that we can be, times to create rhythm and bring attention to an
and not what we are. idea.
10.2) Figurative Language Used
I am the eagle, I live in high country
In rocky cathedrals that reach to the sky
I am the hawk
and there's blood on my feathers
But time is still turning they soon will be dry
And all of those who see me,
all who believe in me
Share in the freedom I feel when I fly
Come dance with the west wind
and touch on the mountain tops
.
Sail over the canyons
and up to the stars.
And reach for the heavens
and hope for the future
and all that we can be,
and not what we are
This sentence is analyzed as using the figure of
speech of Metaphor. "Eagle" is compared him,
which eagle is an animal comparing with his
enjoyable of freedom like an eagle flying in the sky.
This sentence is analyzed as using the figure of
speech of "Idiom". Reach for the sky means
setting very high goals
http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/reach+for+th
e+sky
This sentence is analyzed as using the figure of
speech of Metaphor. "Hawk" is compared him,
which Hawk is an animal comparing with his
survival and defense for humans; as you can see
the blood on the features and soon dry which
shows his survival.
http://www.whats-your-sign.com/symbolic-hawk-meaning.html
This sentence is analyzed as using the figure of
speech of "Imagery" by sense because we can feel
the feeling of him when he flies. He expresses his
imagination of him flying in the sky like a Hawk or
Eagle
This sentence is analyzed as using the figure of
speech of "Hyperbole" because he cannot dance
with the west wind, but it is the expressions of
doing something that make him feel happy.
This sentence is analyzed as using the figure of
speech of "Hyperbole" because he touch the
mountain tops, but it is the expressions of doing
something that make him feel happy.
This sentence is analyzed as using the figure of
speech of "Hyperbole" because he cannot sail up
to the stars, but it is the expressions of doing
something that make him feel happy.
 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION, DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter starts with a summary of this research and then presents discussion, and

recommendations of the research.

Conclusion

In this study, it was concluded that Rhyme was the most common type of figurative

language used in ten songs. Rhyme was the main form of figurative language that was

found in those of John Denver's songs. On the other hand, most songs usually have more

Repetition, Alliteration and Personification in the songs than others, but this study found

less Repetition, Alliteration, Simile and Personification than Rhyme. Moreover, in this

study found less Hyperbole, Metaphor, Assonance, Idiom, and Imagery than Repetition,

Alliteration and Simile. This is because the singer prefers to make the songs have a

special meaning and draw the audience to think about the meaning of each Rhyme word.

So, it can make the songs more interesting. The least used figurative language found in

this research was Oxymoron because it was more complicated to understand and it is

usually found in novels.

 The percentage of each type of figurative language in John Denver's song lyrics

are shown in the following chart:

The percentage of figurative language in

John Denver's songs
4% 1%
Rhyme
6%
20% Personification
7%
Repetition
Alliteration
7%
Simile
13%
9% Hyperbole
Metaphor
12% Assonance
10%
11% Idiom
Imagery
Oxymoron
 From this conclusion, it seems that songs by John Denver have used mostly the

figurative language of Rhyme and Personification. However, a further study of this topic

may confirm and elaborate this conclusion.

Type of Figurative language Frequency of Usage

Alliteration 10

Rhyme 18

Idiom 5

Repetition 11

Simile 9

Personification 12

Metaphor 6

Hyperbole 8

Imagery 4

Oxymoron 1

Assonance 6
Discussion

The conclusion chart shows different kinds of figurative language used in John

Denver's songs. Rhyme was found more than others. The reason is because the songwriter

would like these songs to be catchy and easy to sing. Repetition is used for similar reasons,

and then Metaphor, Simile, Personification and Hyperbole are used to explain abstract

ideas that make a particular linguistic point and it gives effects to make the song more

interesting and exciting.

In this study, the results agree with Mashuri, who also found that Imagery was the least

used (4%), and it agrees with Wahyuni and Setiawan, who found that Oxymoron was the

least used (1%).

Recommendations

1. It is not easy to learn figurative language for improving English skills. In the

beginning, if interested learners would like to improve their English skills, they have to

practice all English skills such as writing, reading, listening and speaking.

2. For the learners would like to improve their English skills from music. They should

keep listening many times to improve the listening skill and trying to interpret the lyrics to

learn foe new words that can also help them practice their reading skill at the same time.

3. There are many interesting songs of John Denver which should be learned and

improved English skill.

4. Figurative language is used in many sources apart from songs, interested learners

might study in other materials such as poems, novels, magazines, movie or advertisements.
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