An Internship report

On
Analyzing the problems & proposition in operating
procedure of a knit composite RMG factory in
Bangladesh: A study on Iris Group

Course: Marketing internship

Submitted to
Nayeema Ahmed
Lecturer, Department of Marketing
Faculty of Business Studies
Jahangirnagar University

Submitted by
Md. Borhan Uddin
EMBA, FBS, JU
ID: 20151030

Date of submission:
07-Jan-2017
 JAHANGIRNAGAR UNIVERSITY

Supervisors Certification

This is to certify that the Internship report entitled Analyzing the problems & proposition in
operating procedure of a knit composite RMG factory in Bangladesh A study on Iris Group
submitted by Md. Borhan Uddin is the result of his own work and was carried out under our
supervision and guidance. The candidate has fulfilled all terms and conditions of the MBA program.
I have gone through the final draft of the internship and recommended it submission for the degree
of MBA since it is in conformity with the regulation of this university and meets the accepted
standard with respect to the originality and quality.

The Internship titled Analyzing the problems & proposition in operating procedure of a knit
composite RMG factory in Bangladesh: A study on Iris Group submitted, has not been previously
submitted to any institution for any degree award.

The paper may be accepted in quality and forms.

I wish him every success in life.

__________________
Supervisor
Nayeema Ahmed
Lecturer
Marketing Department
Faculty of Business Studies
Jahangirnagar University

2
 Letter of Transmittal

Nayeema Ahmed
Lecturer
Department of Marketing
Faculty of Business Studies
Jahangirnagar University

Subject: Submission of internship report.

Dear Sir,

It gives me immense pleasure to submit my internship paper with your permission and guidance. I
am so grateful to you for giving me such an opportunity to make an internship report on the topic
Analyzing the problems & proposition in operating procedure of a knit composite RMG factory in
Bangladesh: A study on Iris Group as granted by you.

I am thankful to you for giving me a challenging opportunity, which will help me to prove my
capability. The opportunity has also allowed me to do some field work which has increased my
experience.

Finally, I seek your favorable consideration as for permitting me to submit this internship paper and
present it before you.

Yours sincerely,
..
Md. Borhan Uddin
ID No: 20151030
EMBA Program, 11th Batch
Jahangirnagar University

3
 Acknowledgement
First of all, I am very grateful to Almighty Allah for giving me the strength to finish the Internship
Paper as part of my MBA program. The Paper is on Analyzing the problems & proposition in
operating procedure of a knit composite RMG factory in Bangladesh A study on Iris Group.

I would like to mention some persons from whom I have received continuous support without which
it might not be possible for me to complete the report. Among them Mrs. Nayeema Ahmed,
Lecturer, Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business Studies, Jahangirnagar University who has
spent her valuable time in supervising my study very closely and cordially. I cannot deny her
suggestions that I have applied and I am indebted to her contribution.

I would like to express my heartiest thanks to the authority of Iris Group to allow me to prepare this
paper with their organization. I would like to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude
expressly, Probir Sarkar (Executive Director of Iris group), Special thanks to Tasdiqul Alam (DGM
of Iris Group) & Md. Mahbub Alam (Head of Production of Iris Group) for their suggestions and
kind considerations and also provided me assistance, guidelines and cooperation by providing
information while preparing this report.

My heartfelt thanks and gratitude are for all those faculty members of Jahangirnagar University
with whom I did courses and who have given the valuable advice to help me in the practical life.
Some persons may not be mentioned forgetfully. I would like to apologize for my forgetfulness.

I would like to thank all other individuals who helped and inspired me directly and indirectly to
complete my EMBA program.

4
 Executive Summary
Iris Group is one of the largest Garment Industry in Bangladesh at RMG sector. This is a large
factory with all the facilities to vertically composite factory. Here the production process runs from
making yarn to fabric and from fabric to finished garment. Through the report, focus was on the
regular activities of garments manufacturing and the significance of their role for smooth, efficient
and effective shipping process of garment products to overseas. The main objective of the project
is to know the contemporary working procedure of RMG sector in Bangladesh along with the
problems occur in daily operation process and possible way to overcome the issues. The practical
knowledge of work achieved from Iris Group has provided the base of the investigation. As this is
an internship report primary data was collected by talking from worker to officer stage and by
personal observation. Secondary data was collected from various website and company profile.
A lot of problems are scattered all over in the production process of garment products. As a novice
of intern in Iris Group problems were observed, which it is facing in, its all over manufacturing
process. Some of the problems lie in the part of garments sectors and residuals may be found in the
counterpart of its related working domain.
As a fresh achiever of knowledge, investigation was done regarding problems of exporting the
garment products from its surface to the bottom and tried to find out the possible solutions. Here,
all procedures are tried to be written as the team of Iris Group tried their best to help in preparing
this report.

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 Table of Content
Topics-----------------------------------------------------------------------------Page no

Chapter 01 (Introductory part)

1.1 Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------8
1.2 Objectives of the Study---------------------------------------------------------- 9
1.3 Methodology-----------------------------------------------------------------------9
1.4 Background------------------------------------------------------------------------10
1.5 Limitation--------------------------------------------------------------------------10

Chapter 02 (Company details)

2.1 About Iris Group -----------------------------------------------------------------12

2.2 Iris Group Policy------------------------------------------------------------------12
2.3 Organogram of Iris Group-------------------------------------------------------13
2.4 Address-----------------------------------------------------------------------------13
2.5 Commitment-----------------------------------------------------------------------13
2.6 General Information--------------------------------------------------------------14
2.7 Sister Concern---------------------------------------------------------------------14
2.8 Iris Group Vision------------------------------------------------------------------14
2.9 Iris Group Mission-----------------------------------------------------------------14
2.10 Iris Group capacity---------------------------------------------------------------15
2.11 Difference from other company------------------------------------------------15
2.12 Customer of Iris Group----------------------------------------------------------16
2.13 Iris group market zone-----------------------------------------------------------16
2.15 Product Catalogue----------------------------------------------------------------17
2.16 Ethical Standard-------------------------------------------------------------------17

Chapter 03 (Section wise operations)

3.1 Operating flowchart of Knit composite RMG factory-------------------------18

3.2 Administration & HRM------------------------------------------------------------20
3.3 Knitting-------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
3.4 Dyeing--------------------------------------------------------------------------------23
3.5 Washing------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
3.6 Laboratory----------------------------------------------------------------------------26
3.7 Effluent treatment plant------------------------------------------------------------27
3.8 Sample Section----------------------------------------------------------------------28
3.9 Cutting Section----------------------------------------------------------------------29
6
3.10 CAD--------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
3.11 Printing Section-------------------------------------------------------------------32
3.12 Embroidery------------------------------------------------------------------------33
3.13 Planning Section------------------------------------------------------------------35
3.14 Industrial Engineering Section--------------------------------------------------36
3.15 Sewing -----------------------------------------------------------------------------37
3.16 Finishing Section------------------------------------------------------------------39
3.17 Quality Assurance-----------------------------------------------------------------40
3.18 Merchandising---------------------------------------------------------------------41
3.19 Import Procedure------------------------------------------------------------------43
3.20 Marketing Mix concept-----------------------------------------------------------44
3.21 Maintenance Section--------------------------------------------------------------47
3.22 Commercial Section---------------------------------------------------------------48
3.23 Export procedure-------------------------------------------------------------------50
3.24 Finance department----------------------------------------------------------------51
3.25 Store Section------------------------------------------------------------------------52

Chapter 04 (Findings)

4.1 Problems & Proposition-------------------------------------------------------------54

Chapter 05 (Epilogue)

5.1 Conclusion ----------------------------------------------------------------------------58

5.2 References ----------------------------------------------------------------------------58

7
 Chapter 1: Introductory Part

1.1 Introduction:
Textile and garments sector is the biggest and fastest growing sector of Bangladesh. It is also the
highest foreign currency earning sector of Bangladesh. Bangladesh earns nearly $15 billion a year
by exporting textile and garments products, mainly to Australia, Europe and the United States. The
RMG industry has around 5500 units across the country where, 85 percent of the workers are
woman. Among this sector, knit garments is growing very rapidly due to less investment
requirement, strong of backwards linkage and earn more high profit than woven garments. Thats
why export of knit garments has been increasing for last few years.

Every department plays an important role in garments sector. So, harmony & proper co-
ordination is essential for every garment. In this job the employees must have hard working
mind, convincing power, instant intelligence, powerful observation, patience etc. Without these
no garment can run smoothly.
The RMG industry of Bangladesh has expanded dramatically over the last three decades.
Bangladesh has become the second largest global apparel exporter owing to the rapid
development of apparel sector, which turns out to be the key driver of socio-economic
development contributing more than 16.31% of national GDP in 2012-13 (BBS, 2014). About
78.6% of total national export earnings were from only RMG sector in 2012-13. 95 percent of
the total textile and garment export earnings were only from the European Union during the
period 2005-2014.
I have chosen readymade garments industry to do my internship and the name of the company
is Iris Group, which is a 100% export, oriented knit composite industry. It is a private limited
company.
Readymade garments are fast growing export sector in Bangladesh. The overall impact of
readymade garments export is certainly one of the most significant social and economic
developments in contemporary Bangladesh. In order to simulate rapid of the country, particularly
through industrialization, the government has adopted an open-door policy to attract foreign
investment in Bangladesh. As a result, there are about 3000 export oriented readymade garments
in Bangladesh.

8
1.2 Objectives of the Study
In every study, there should be specific and sound purposes and objectives. A careful statement and
purpose helps in the preparation of a well decorated research on which others can take a right type
of decisions. Identifying objectives are very much important.

The main objective of the project is to know the contemporary working procedure of RMG sector
in Bangladesh along with the problems occur in daily operation process and possible way to
overcome the issues. Below is the synopsis.
1. To get acquainted with various departments of a Knit composite RMG factory.
2. To know about the responsibilities and the functions of concern dept.
3. To analyze working procedure, problem faced regularly and possible proposition to these
problems.

1.3 Methodology of the Study

To complete any work smoothly and effectively it needs to follow methodology. Basically,
methodology means a method that involves a process on technique in which various stages or steps
of collecting data or information are explained and the analytical techniques are defined. This report
is an elaborate study to identify the day to day working procedure involved at Iris Group.

Types of report:

This report is based on exploratory study. Collected findings will be tabulated in order to make the
program more informative, specific and purposeful.

Sampling Method

The study was conducted in Iris Group. People of different working position in various section was
interviewed to know the operating process as well as problem & propositions.

Data Collection:
Through face-to-face interview this study process was done.
Both primary and secondary data have been collected for the purpose of report.
The primary and secondary data sources are as follows:

Primary Data
Primary data have been collected from the following sources:

9
 From team leaders in the office.
Interviewing personnel who works on ground level to get into the details.
Supervision of activities/functions all the department of Iris Group.
Direct conversation with authorized officer and senior officers.

Secondary Data
Secondary information has been collected from the following sources:

Through official MIS summary.

Company profile
Regarding topic different web site was used
Some definitions have been collected from books regarding BGMEA
Previous report study.

1.4 Background of The Study

Theoretical knowledge does not make a person perfect. To implement the academic knowledge,
practical knowledge related to it is important. A perfect coordination between theory and practice
is important in the context of modern business world. In order to resolve the dichotomy between
theory and practice, the different university arranged internship Program as a partial completion of
MBA program. This program is necessary for every student to complete his or her academic degree.
Internship program brings student closer to the business theory and practical and thereby help them
to substantiate their knowledge so that they can prepare themselves to start a successful career.

1.5 Limitation of the study

Although, I have tried my level best and provided extreme efforts to enhance the content of this
report and provide the readers with the most possible information regarding the topic, however
there were some limitations while making the report.

They are listed below:

1. Lack of time: one of the major limitations of the study was limited time. Because in this
short time one intern student had to both attend the office and also do collect data. For the
scarcity of time I could not communicate largely with concern persons and authority,
which would be very helpful for preparing, the report could be made much more
comprehensive.

10
 2. Administrative secrecy: Another major problem every private company maintains some
secrecy. The authority kept much information as secrete.

3. Lack of adequate information: There was lack of necessary information what I was
needed. That is primary and secondary data.

4. The training department has failed to give proper direction.

5. Informations is not updated.

6. Lack of self-knowledge concerning report preparation, was also a limiting factor in

preparing a better report.

Moreover, as an employee of this company, it was easier to make this research where I took help
from some respondents who are belonged to mid-level management in this company. Though the
numbers of respondents represent the overall population, there could have biasness of the findings
at minimum level.

11
 Chapter 2: Company details

2.1 About Iris Group:

IRIS Group a modern technology Knit Garments factory with lingerie and sweater manufacturing
having full range of production facility located in 03 different places. One unit is at Zirabo, Savar,
Dhaka, one unit is at Zirani Bazar, Kashimpur, Gazipur, Dhaka and another one unit is at Zajhor,
National University, Gazipur, Dhaka. Other one unit the venture is a visionary manifestation of
Mark Style, a leading business conglomerate in the country engaged in readymade garment sector.
Mark style started its business operation in the year 1997 as one of the leading garment buying
house and with the passage of time it envisaged to set up a most modern sweater and t-shirt factory
to cater the demand of its valued buyers.
The impressive list of its customers is a testament of the companys productive efficiency, strict
adherence to ecofriendly, total quality management and compliance with good manufacturing
practice, according to the criteria set by reputed buyer.

2.2 Iris Group policy:

IRIS Group Is committed to its customers to adhere to their unique compliance requirements as
well as all international compliances relating to-
Child Labor
Harassment & abuse
Health & Safety Issue
Wages & benefits
Work hours
Overtime
Discrimination
Environment

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2.3 Iris Group Organogram:

2.4 Address:
IRIS Fabrics Limited & IRIS Knitwear Limited
Zirani Bazar, Kashimpur, Joydebpur, Gazipur

Head Office:
House # 42/A (5th & 6th Floor), Road # 17
Section- 14, Uttara, Dhaka.
web: www.irisgroupbd.com.
Location: 1.5 Km West of Hazrat Shah Jalal Airport

2.5 Iris Group Commitment to the valued customers had always been
to:
o Maintain the highest achievable quality.
o The most competitive pricing.
o Shortest lead time with on time delivery.
13
 o The best environment for ethical sourcing
o Exceeding world compliance standard.

2.6 General Information

Business Started: 2004

Nature of The Company: Private Limited Company

Factory Location: 35 Kilometer from Shah-Jalal airport. (Appx. 45 minutes drive)

Geographical Location: 23.999127, 90.251220

Type of Factory: Knit Composite Factory

Nature of Project: 100% Export Oriented Company (Knit, Dyeing, Garments, Print, Embroidery,
Washing, Lab)

Turnover: US$ 5,00,00,000 Per Year

2.7 IRIS Group Sister Concern

IRIS Fabrics Limited.
IRIS Fabrics Limited (Lingerie Unit)
IRIS Design Limited.
IRIS Knitwear Limited.
IRIS Fashions Limited. (Sweater Unit)
IRIS Fashions C&F
IRIS Print, Embroidery & Wash
Mark Style

2.8 Iris Group Vision:

To become the benchmark manufacturing company for the textiles and garments industry providing
world-class products through the integrity, teamwork and creativity of our people driven by our
constant commitment to outstanding overall customer satisfaction.

14
2.9 Iris Group Mission:
To deliver high-quality products and exceptional services to their customers by harmoniously
blending safety, quality and efficiency while diligently maintaining their integrity, honesty and
dedication towards environmental and social responsibilities.
.
2.10 Iris Group Capacity:
The total area of the composite unit is 2, 35,000 square feet at present, with four new floors on the
vertical integration agenda. Commitment to constantly upgrading infrastructure and resources is
well-evident from our array of state-of-the-art machinery and equipment.

Investment into an ever-expanding machinery list coupled with our commitment towards optimum
efficiency enables us to obtain highest levels of productivity at minimum costs; a benefit which is
eventually passed on to our customers. Monthly production capacities are as follows:

Unit Capacity
Knitting 8 Tons /Day
Dyeing 20 Tons /Day
Cutting 123075 Pcs /Day
Sewing 107692 Pcs /Day
Printing 69230 Pcs /Day
Embroidery 1348615 Stitch /Day
Finishing 105692 Pcs /Day
Sample & Product Development 250 Pcs /Day
Open Width fabric finish 20 Tons /Day
Warehouse (Grey Fabrics) 200 Tons
Warehouse (Finish Fabrics) 200 Tons
Ware House (Dyes Chemicals) 200 Tons
Washing 17307 Pcs/Day
Warehouse (Garments) 500,000 Pcs

2.11 What makes Iris Group different from others?

There are a dynamic team with a committed investment at a time of global socio-economic
difficulties and an ever-challenging business climate. They believe they have the expertise for
business development and growth to meet the demands as well as the changes as required by the
customer's retail market.

Over the years, they have achieved both locally and internationally a reputation of fair business
practices. This generation is more so conscious of our social responsibilities; the factory unit is
15
internationally compliant with a fully operational Effluent Treatment Plant. They seek global
partners with whom they can share their vision.

2.12 Iris Group Customers:

2.13 Iris Group Export market zone:

16
2.14 Few Product Catalogue:

Apparel Category mix:

Mens: 30%
Ladies: 45%
Kids: 25%

2.15 Ethical Standards

Iris Group has always been a responsible and ethical name in the garments and textile industry of
Bangladesh, and as such, has never ceased to abide by the internationally recognized codes of social
accountability and ethical business practices. Owing to the high standards of social accountability
and their commitment to constantly improving the working conditions of their employees, Iris
Group has received the following international certifications in the field of social compliance:

- Worldwide Responsible Accredited Production (WRAP)

- Gold Level- International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
- 9001:2000- Business Social Compliance Initiative (BSCI)
- OEKO-TEX Standard 100- Supplier Ethical Data Exchange (Sedex) Standard
- UV Standard 801
- Alliance for Bangladesh Worker Safety

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Chapter 3: Section wise operation

3.1 Process flow chart of a knit composite RMG factory:

Below flow chart shows operating flow chart for fabric manufacturing then garment manufacturing-
Yarn Manufacturing

Fabric Knitting

Dyeing

Fabric Finishing

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19
3.2 Administration & Human Resource Management:

Human resource management (HRM or simply HR) is the management of human resources. It is a
function in the organizations designed to maximize employee performance in service of an
employer's strategic objectives. HR is primarily concerned with the management of people within
organizations, focusing on policies and on systems. HR departments and units in organizations
typically undertake a number of activities, including employee benefits design, employee
recruitment, training and development, performance appraisal, and rewarding (e.g., managing pay
and benefit systems). HR also concerns itself with organizational change and industrial relations,
that is, the balancing of organizational practices with requirements arising from collective
bargaining and from governmental laws.

Tasks of Admin & HR:

i. Complete employee monitoring.
ii. Monitoring entering & leaving time for individual employee.
iii. They work as advisor for security team.
iv. Taking care of audit related jobs.
v. Working towards achieving various certificates for company.
vi. Employee performance & increment.
vii. Making sure to comply with local & governmental law.
viii. Work toward employee legal benefits.
ix. To ensure factory safety.

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3.3 Knitting:

Knitted fabric is a textile that results from knitting. Its properties are distinct from woven fabric in
that it is more flexible and can be more readily constructed into smaller pieces, making it ideal for
socks and hats.
Its properties are distinct from nonwoven fabric in that it is more durable but takes more resources
to create, making it suitable for multiple uses.

There are 2 types of Knitting process:

1. Warp Knitting
2. Weft Knitting

Various types of knitted fabrics:

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Organogram of Knitting section at Iris Group:

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Process Flow Chart for Knitting:

Yarn in package form

Place the yarn package in the creel

Feeding the yarn

Set the m/c as per design & GSM

Knitting

Withdraw the roll fabric and weighting

Roll marking

Inspection

Numbering

3.4 Dyeing:

Dyeing is the process of adding color to textile products like fibers, yarns, and fabrics. Dyeing is
normally done in a special solution containing dyes and particular chemical material. After dyeing,
dye molecules have uncut chemical bond with fiber molecules. The temperature and time
controlling are two key factors in dyeing. There are mainly two classes of dye, natural and man-
made.
The primary source of dye, historically, has generally been nature, with the dyes being extracted
from animals or plants. Since the mid-19th century, however, humans have produced artificial dyes
to achieve a broader range of colors and to render the dyes more stable to resist washing and general
use. Different classes of dyes are used for different types of fiber and at different stages of the textile
production process, from loose fibers through yarn and cloth to complete garments.

Acrylic fibers are dyed with basic dyes, while nylon and protein fibers such as wool and silk are
dyed with acid dyes, and polyester yarn is dyed with disperse dyes. Cotton is dyed with a range of
dye types, including vat dyes, and modern synthetic reactive and direct dyes.

23
Flow chart of knit fabric dyeing:

Fabric received from batching section

Grey fabric inspection

Batching

Turning

Sewing

Fabric loading

Pretreatment (Scouring & Bleaching)

Enzyme (Antipilling)

Dyeing

Washing

Fixing

Softening/Finishing

Unloading the dyed fabric

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Typical Dyeing Charge for Knit fabrics:

3.5 Washing:

The technology which is used to modify the appearance, outlook comfort ability and fashion of the
garments is called garment washing.

Objects of Garment Washing:

Garment washing is the best touch of a garment. Same type of garments can produce several effects
for several washes. Like this:

1. To create wash look, appearance, seems the new touch of fashion.

2. By the washing technique, faded/old, color or tinted affect.

25
 3. Washing technique creates new fashion such as tagging, grinding, destroy, blasting,
whickering, permanent wrinkle, deep dye, tie dye, p.p spray, hand crapping, p.p spoonzing
etc.
4. To reduce size materials that imports soft hand feels.
5. To attraction the customers/buyer by different types of fashionable washing and market
development.
6. Due to washing, shrinkage occurs in the garments. There is no possibility of further
shrinkage of the wash garments.
7. Any dirt, spot or germ if added in the garments during manufacturing is also removed due
to washing.

3.6 Laboratory:

A laboratory informally, lab is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or
technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed.

Types of work done inside lab facility of Iris Group:

i. Measure & control advising for fabric dimensional stability.

26
 ii. Ensuring fabrics are various hazardous chemical free.
iii. Matching color & prepare recipe for color matching.
iv. Ensuring optimal chemical & physical condition for fabrics.

3.7 Effluent Treatment Plant:

The effluent treatment plant is designed to treat the effluent coming from different areas of textile
processing plant. The treatment of different effluents varies with the type of effluent. Shortly ETP
is a must have facility which is used to treat waste chemical & water before they are released to
nature.

Process Flow Chart of Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)

Collection Tank

Storage Tank

Mixing & Cooling

Neutralization

Chemical Coagulation

Biological Oxidation Tank
27

Sedimentation & Separation of Sludge

Sludge Thickener

Filtration

Discharge to Drain

3.8 Sample Section:

Sample
Sample is the prototype or model of the garments upon what buyer can decide on how and whether
to confirm the order or not. In garments industry, this sample come from buyer and it is followed
from bulk production called sample.
Types of sample

1. Photo sample: The sample is made for modeling, it is worn by the model on the event of
shooting for catalog or it is used for fashion show.

28
 2. Sales man sample: The sample is made for market appraisal or marketing purpose then it
is called sales man sample. It is made at the final stage of the order confirmation and actual
materials are used for making the sample.
3. Fit sample: The sample which is used to check the fittings of the garments.
4. Pre-production or P.P sample: when the sample is made before starting production and
then sends it to buyer for approval to start bulk production called Pre-production sample.
5. Size set sample: When the samples are made for all the sizes and all the colors and send to
buyer for checking the fitting of all sizes and color matching then it is called size set sample.
Generally, two pieces sample for each size and color are made.
6. Counter sample: The manufacturers produce several numbers of samples following the
approved sample is called counter sample. During production, these samples are hanged on
the production floor.
7. Mock-up sample: when any part of a garments is made for particular purpose not the
complete garments then it is called sample. As an example: a pocket of a pant or a leg of a
pant etc.
8. Production sample: When samples are collected from production floor and send it to buyer
for quality checking then it is called production sample.

3.9 Cutting Section:

29
The Cutting Section is responsible for cutting fabrics in appropriate pattern suitable for sewing. It
has a schedule ordered by the Planning. Cutting Section collects the work order sheet and make
pattern as per buyer requirement. In Iris Group, we found two different types of cutting machines
and other related machines like
1. Auto cutter machines
2. Hand cutter machines
3. Spreader machines
4. Fusing machine.
5. Lay Machine

Cutting Section machines:

Machine type Quantity Brand
Cutting table 4 Ozbilim
CAD (software & hardware) 2 Optitex
Plotter 2 Shima
CAS Auto spreader 2 KM
CAM Auto cutter 1 Max
Cutting machine 10 Blitz
Fusing Machine 5 Hashima
Strip cutting matching 3 Svegea
Straight knife 9 K.M

3.10 CAD:
CAD department is a major part for a garments industry. In this department, they create pattern/
marker as per sample or buyers requirement.

Sampling Departments produce various samples for buyers approval. There are 31 members in
this department. There are all types of machines are available in our sample department. Such
as Plain machine, Over lock machine, Flat lock machine, Button hole machine, Button stitch
machine Feed of the arm machine etc. In these two departments, there are lots of important
things are doing such as

Tech Pack Reading

Normal marker/Block marker
Idea on grading, shrinkage addition
Consumption markers
Mini marker
Consumption calculation

30
 Sampling team, machinery, where merchandiser to involve

Tech pack reading: In a tech pack many information are there. Such as Item no, Supplier
description, Fabric description, Fabric content, Customers name, Garments label, Care
instruction, Label position, Size range, Sample size, Trims and Accessories details, Finish
and Labeling description, Sewing instructions and Comments etc.
In a Word a tech pack is a design sheet which contains full information of a product.
Marketing department provide the tech pack.
Normal marker/Block marker: Manually produced marker is called Normal marker.
That marker which is made for Shade/stripe match is called Block marker.
These markers are produced for different size ranges and fittings.
Idea on grading, shrinkage addition: Difference between various sizes are called grading.
Idea on grading and shrinkage is taken from tech pack.
Consumption marker: Consumption marker is three types:
1. Costing consumption: This consumption is done by medium sizes of samples.
2. Actual consumption: This consumption is done after order for all sizes of samples.
3. Bulk consumption: This consumption is done for bulk production.
Mini marker: After completion of average consumption, mini marker is made. The print
out copy from CAD is called mini marker.
Consumption Calculation: It is done for fabric consumption.
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 Sampling team, machinery: Sampling team can develop all kinds of samples as per buyers
instruction. In our sample room, all kinds of machinery are available.
Involvement of Merchandiser: All kinds of requisition are given by merchandiser.
Merchandisers can give suggestion for sample development as per requirement.
.

3.11 Printing Section:

Printing section is playing a vital role in garments section. Garments value can be increased for
using printing. Different types of print are given below:

Type of Print:

Rubber Print
Plastisol Print
Discharge Print
Pigment Print
Puff/emboss Print
High density Print
Glitter Print
Foil Print

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 Only one Printing recipe & flow sequence are given below:
Recipe of Rubber Printing:
Rubber : 60%
Clear : 38%
Fix : 2%

Flow sequence of Printing:

Table Preparation

Fabric Plaited on table

Printing past applies with the help of screen

Hanging the fabric for 30-min

Curing at 150 C (belt speed 5m/ min)

Delivery

Printing m/c:

Tracing M/c (1 pcs)

Brand : Winson
Mash attach with frame with clip
Expose m/c: (1 pcs)
Tri-light st
Brand : Nuarc
Origin :USA
Folecoat 1636 coated on screen
Dry by dryer
Film set on screen
Photo Emulsion applied to make screen

3.12 Embroidery Section:

Embroidery is the handicraft of decorating fabric or other materials with needle and thread or yarn.
Embroidery may also incorporate other materials such as, pearls, beads, quills, and sequins. Today,
embroidery is most often seen on caps, hats, coats, blankets, dress shirts, denim, stockings, and golf
shirts. Embroidery is available with a wide variety of thread or yarn color.

33
Flow Chart of Embroidery in Garments Industry

Art work from buyer

Input to ES-65(Software)

Design analysis

Send to buyer

Recommendation & correction from buyer

Sample prepare

Send to buyer

If approved then for bulk production

34
3.13 Planning Section:

Introduction: Planning department plays a major role in the industry. It works as the coordinator
between marketing/merchandising/IE & production line. It controls the flow of production starting
from knitting to packing & delivery to buyer. This department is responsible for planning every step
of production as well its time scope. It also monitors for the synchronization among the sub
divisions & for the insurance of achievement of target in due time.

Working procedure: The function of planning dept. may be viewed as following steps-

Step-1:

Merchandiser collects the purchase order sheet from the marketing department. He gives a copy of
it to the planning department. Copy of the order sheet is also give to knitting for booking fabrics &
to accessories store for accessories. Another copy of it given to procurement for buying required
yarn for knitting department.

Step-2:
Planning dept. sets to work. It looks for resource allocation & time scope for the specific order.
According to available schedule time & resource, each subdivision of the production line is assigned
to its specific task such as garments, knitting & Dyeing. The schedule is made so that the target is
achieved in due time

Step-3:
Merchandiser makes some pieces of sample with sample section according to specification of the
buyer. Then, showing the samples, he gets the pre-production approval of the buyer. After the pre-
production approval, the rest of the production process goes on such as cutting, sewing, finishing,
packing etc. & the planning dept. keeps a keen eye on all these. After packing an offer letter for
delivery is issued by the planning department.

35
Planning Dept. work flow:

Purchase Order

Marketing Department

Merchandiser

Dept. of IE

Knitting
Planning
Dept. Dyeing
assigns task,
Controls &
Cutting
Monitors

Sewing

Finishing
Offer Letter for
delivery Packing

Printing

Store

Fig: Planning Dept. workflow

3.14 Industrial Engineering:

IE section in IFL is a small but rapidly developing section. IE plays a very important role in
production. It works as the effective tool to carry out the target achievement plans of the Planning
Dept. It is responsible for accomplishing the production program as scheduled in due time.
Activities of IE can be described as follows-
36
 1. Ensure the plan of the Planning Dept.
2. Ensure the program efficiency, which is increasing productivity of Cutting, Sewing,
Finishing by maximum utilization of resources (workers, machines etc.)
3. Operator assessment and re-assessment while recruiting.
4. SMV (Standard Minute Value) that is allocation of workers according to working capability
to meet the deadline.
5. Finding out the reasons behind major failures and faults in production and also the remedy
of these.
6. Zero-line Feeding- Changing styles or assigning new styles in production line after one
production is finished so that it doesnt go idle.
7. MIS report- reporting about number, quality and productivity of workers, machines and
other resources as well as their problems and remedies.

3.15 Sewing Section:

Sewing is the craft of fastening or attaching objects using stitches made with a needle and thread.
Sewing is one of the oldest of the textile arts, arising in the Paleolithic era. Before the invention of
spinning yarn or weaving fabric, archaeologists believe Stone Age people across Europe and Asia
sewed fur and skin clothing using bone, antler or ivory needles and "thread" made of various animal
body parts including sinew, catgut, and veins.

For thousands of years, all sewing was done by hand. The invention of the sewing machine in the
19th century and the rise of computerization in the 20th century led to mass production and export
of sewn objects, but hand sewing is still practised around the world. Fine hand sewing is a
characteristic of high-quality tailoring, haute couture fashion, and custom dressmaking, and is
pursued by both textile artists and hobbyists as a means of creative expression.

37
Process Flow Chart for Garments Sewing Department:

Product analysis

Set up target for production

Set up machine layout on the basis of target

Set up operator layout on the basis of target

QC check of product

Line balancing

Line setup

Distribution all the processes

38
 Cutting parts received section

Cutting parts distribution to the operator and helper

Complete parts making individually

Online QC check

Online quality audit

Counting output and checking with the target

Final quality check (for each Garment)

3.16 Finishing Section:

It is the last step of garment making. All of the finishing processes are done here. Below are the
kinds of works carried out in this segment-
a) Pressing/ Ironing
b) Packing
c) Cartooning &
d) Arranging final inspection and shipment.

39
3.17 Quality Assurance Department:
Quality Assurance (QA) is the systematic monitoring and evaluation of the various aspects of a
project, service or facility to maximize the probability that standards of quality are being attained
by the production process. Quality Assurance cannot absolutely guarantee the production of quality
products.

Two principles included in Quality Assurance are:

"Fit for purpose", the product should be suitable for the intended purpose, and
"Right first time", mistakes should be eliminated.
Quality Assurance includes regulation of the quality of raw materials, assemblies, products and
components, services related to production, and management, production and inspection processes.

Quality Process flowchart:

Pre-Production Audit

Fabric Quality Check

Cutting quality audit

Sewing Audit

40


End Line Quality check

Finishing quality check

3.18 Merchandising:
The Man, who is involved in garments trade, as an order sourcing, develop the order, negotiate with
buyer and supplier and execute the order in a required time frame is called Merchandiser. The
functions of a merchandiser are known as Merchandising. The term merchandising has been derived
from the word merchandise, which means goods that is bought and sold.

Merchandising is a business on marketing activities responsible for ensuring a products description

both quality and quantity. Merchandising means total responsibility of a Merchandiser.
In other words, merchandising is the marketing activity responsible for ensuring a products
desirability, both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Basic qualification of a Merchandiser

Good command in English.

Adequate knowledge on technical terms, accurate and efficient communication skill.

Good knowledge of raw materials (Fiber, Yarn, Fabric, Garments and accessories required).

Sufficient knowledge of Dyeing, Printing, Finishing, Washing, Embroidery, Garments

manufacturing etc.

Adequate idea about color fastness of fabrics, garments and accessories.

Knowledge on used raw materials and garments inspection systems.

Good knowledge of Exporting and Importing countries.

Knowledge on duty rates and customs regulations.

Knowledge of shipping and Banking documentation and regulations.

Order procedures of international buyers.

Adequate knowledge of factory profile.

Computer literacy and e-mails & internet.

Excellent power of motivation to improve public relations.

Excellent behaviors and personality and intelligent.

41
Merchandising Activities:
The successful execution of any garment export order depends on the work performance of a
merchandiser. The functions of merchandising are playing a different role in different situation.
Some important functions are given as below:

MERCHANDISING

Pre-order merchandising Post order merchandising

(Marketing) (Execution)

r Buyer searching

Inquiry receive Sampling Banking Approvals & execution

Costing & quoting Supplier booking Raw materials

Development sample
approved by buyer
Negotiation
Receive PI
Size set sample
Price confirmation Raw material
Opening BB L/C
approach to
PP sample approval supplier
Order confirmation

Raw material in
Receive L/C house

Attend PP meeting
Trial cutting
Production Follow up

Bulk cutting

Sewing
Washing
Finishing
Packing
Final Inspection
Documentation
Shipment Payment &
Feed back
File closing
42
 Responsibilities of Merchandiser
Doing work with buyers/sellers closely and determining range of commodities or goods to sell.

Doing work in right time in right place considering time & place for buying goods demand.
Calculation the prices of goods.
Preparing current sales figure.
Giving policy guidelines to the buyers.
Taking responsibility promotion, display.
With the help of merchandising manager determining a strategy of goods.
Monitoring stock management.
Preparing purchase orders to match range plan from buyers.
For the buyers preparing detailed spreadsheets.
Planning for whole production process and financial process.
Ensuring purchase order raised to budgets.
Fabric and accessories sourcing and tracking
Negotiation with buyers/factories/and others about cost price.
Approving samples.
Factory production scheduling and production tracking
Monitoring all production process.
Ensuring preparation of all shipping documents.
Arranging final inspection
Shipping plan and booking
Ensuring shipment in due time.

3.19 Import Procedure:

The Export Import of Garments Products is a vital matter of a Garments company. It increases the
opportunity for entrepreneurship development in garment sector. Thus, it helps the unemployed
people as well as the government to remove unemployment problem and also play an important role
in the economic development of the country

1. Import License required: Iris Group has import License will be necessary for import of any item
but it is not needed to import goods.

2. Order Confirmation from buyer with inquiry

3. Identify Import item against the goods.

43
4. Communication with foreign supplier about foreign item

5. Negotiation with price & Test parameter

6. Confirmation price With ETA & ETD Sea or Air

6. Provide work order

7. Receive PI from supplier

8. Sign back PI for production confirmation

9. Open L/C against PI

10. Send goods with documents as per ETA

11. Received goods with documents as per ETD

Import against LCA from: Unless otherwise specified, all imports transacted through a bank
(L/Cs, bank drafts, remittances etc.) shall require LCA forms irrespective of the source of finance.

Import against L/C: Unless otherwise specified, import shall be made only be opening
irrevocable letter of credit (L/C).

3.20 Marketing mix concept of Iris group:

The marketing mix consists of everything the firm can do to influence the demand for the product.
The many possibilities can be collected into four groups of variables known as the four Ps:
Product, price, place, promotion. Mainly merchandising is a part of marketing process. There are
required 4 Ps to complete the whole process of merchandising.

1. Product
2. Price
3. Place/Distribution
4. Promotion

Product:
Product means the goods and services combination the company offers to the target market. If we
consider Section Seven garments their main product is readymade garments.
According to Iris Group product part is described below:

Items: Men's, Ladies, Toddler And Children: T-Shirt, Tank Top, Tunic, Trouser, Shorts, Legging,
Nightwear, Baby Bodies, Sleep Suite, Rompers, Jacket. Hody, Underwear, Cardigan & all kinds of
knit garments & Knit fabrics.
44
Print: Rubber, Pigment, Foil, Flock, High Density, Sublimation, AOP etc.

Washing: Dip dye, Cool dye, Pigment dye, garments wash, acid wash etc.

Embroidery: Any kind of embroidery, like: Plain, Zig Zag etc.

Variety: There is variation in garments category. They produce different kinds of product
for ladies, gents and kids.
Quality: This Company always tries to provide the best quality product for its customers.
Design: Most of the time garments makes according to customers designs. But sometimes
merchandisers proposed some design to their customer.
Features: There are uncountable features on their shirts. For example: some shirts are short
sleeved, some are long sleeved, some have buttons, and some dont have buttons.
Brand name: Iris Fabrics garments produce T-shirt, Polo shirt for different branded
company. Like LPP, Next, H&M, Vertbaudet, Laredoute, Kariban, Target etc.
Packaging: There are three types of packaging. One is standard pack; another one is Flat
pack and Hanger pack.
Services: Sometimes merchandisers do some development sample and some special
measurement sample for their customers.

Price:

Pricing is an important component of cash flow and profitability, as well as marketing and even
branding. In general, company wants to price products and services high enough that firm doesnt
leave money on the table, but low enough that firm are not losing potential customers. If garments
are selling whats considered a commodity, garments have to figure out how to make firm business
model work on minimal prices. Price is the amount of money customers have to pay to obtain the
product.

List price: Merchandisers quoted some price value for the shirt including cost of making
charge, materials and accessories charge on what price they are ready to supply their
shirt.
Discount: If there is a big volume of order then Iris Group give some discount for their
customer.
Credit terms: Customers cannot purchase the product on credit. They must need to give
LC for buying.
.
45
Place:

Place or placement has to do with how the product will be provided to the customer. Distribution is
a key element of placement. The placement strategy will help assess what channel is the most suited
to a product. How a product is accessed by the end user also needs to compliment the rest of the
product strategy.
Iris Group is totally dependent on the local agent, Importer or direct retailer depends on the
customer. Their main export done on Europe, America based country. Place includes company
activities that make the product available to target customers.

Channels: There are many wholesaling and retailing company working with Iris Group
Retailing companies are- Lindex, Cotton-On, Arco, K-Mart etc.
Coverage: Iris Group has huge customer coverage. They have customer in Turkey,
Germany, Belgium, France and some of USA & UK,
Assortments: This organization collects all the fabrics and materials together and
assembles it in the factory.
Logistics: This organization provides logistic support to their customer to some extent.

Promotional tools and techniques used in garments:

Promotion means activities that communicate the merits of the product and persuade target
customers to buy it.
There are some promotional events that practice in Iris Group.
Free Medical service for the Employee.
Day Care for the children.
ETP Plant for friendly environment.
Applying less Water consuming Technique.
Safety working environment.
Less price canteen facilities for the employee.

Iris Group do not follow any advertising strategy for their customers. But sometimes customers like
other order product and give order to make product just like that.

46
Other Promotional Garments activity:

Preparing incentive project plans and castings are as follow-

Preparation of pitch documents and presentations.
Creating, implementing and monitoring incentive campaigns.
Project planning.
Liaising with clients and designers to create a brand.
Creating supporting marketing collateral.
Design of online campaigns using their website portal.
Liaising with clients to administer incentive campaigns and provide a dedicated point of
contact on a day to day basis.
Preparation and planning of monthly activity reports and regular html email communication.
For export promotion and development Bangladesh has been pursuing periodic Export

3.21 Maintenance:
The act which is done to Keep the factory plant equipment machine tools etc. in an optimum
working condition, minimize the breakdown of m/c's to improve Productivity of existing m/c tools
and avoid sinking of additional capacity and to Prolong the useful life of the factory plant &
machinery is called Maintenance.

47
 Objectives of Maintenance:
To keep the factory plants, equipments, Machine tools in an optimum working condition.
To ensure specified accuracy to product and time schedule of delivery to customer.
To keep the downtime of Machines to the minimum thus to have control over the production
Program.
To Keep the Production cycle within the stipulated range.

Maintenance work procedure:

Maintenance

Preventive Maintenance Break down Utility

Maintenance

ETP Garments

Mechanical Electrical
Maintenance Mechanical Electrical
Maintenance
Maintenance Maintenance

At Iris Group, preventive maintenance is a predetermined routine activity to ensure on time

inspection or checking of facilities to uncover conditions that may lead to Production break downs
or harmful depreciation.

3.22 Commercial Department:

The importance of Commercial department is vastly. They have to make all shipping documents,
Export and import follow up, purchasing foreign items, opening LC. Letter of credit is abbreviated
as L/C means a form issued by bank indicating that the payment. Its play a vital role in import and
export business. There are different kinds of L/C such as-

1) Revocable L/C.

2) Irrevocable L/C.

3) Confirmed L/C.

48
4) Back to Back L/C.

5) Revolving L/C.

6) Stand by L/C.

8) Sight L/C.

9) Red clause L/C.

10) Transferable or divisible L/C.

Irrevocable letter of credit:

Constitute a definite undertaking of the issuing bank, provided that the stipulated documents are
presented the terms and conditions of the credit are complied with:

The full name of L/C is IRREVOCABLE LETTER OF CREDIT which means once it is issued by
the bank for the buyer and received and accepted by beneficiary (the seller), it cannot be canceled
or withdrawn by the buyer or the opening bank, unless with the consent of the beneficiary. In short,
once the buyer opens the L/C from his bank to cover the goods he has purchased, he will have to
pay for the goods when the seller ships the goods exactly a per the terms stipulated in the L/C.
Therefore, as far as the seller is concerned, the sooner he has the L/C on L/CS can be opened in
many ways, but in essence, it is a promise the buyers bank make to the supplier, to pay him when
he does certain things with evidence to prove. Therefore, when the suppliers receive an L/C he must
read the terms carefully to make sure he is capable of fulfilling them all exactly as they are written.

Confirmed letter of credit:

This is such a credit for which exporters bank gives all sort of surety for the advance of payment.

Back to Back L/C:

Which L/C issued against the original Master L/C is called B/B L/. A back to back L/C is a letter of
credit issued for the account of a buyer, who is already holding a Master L/C in his or her favor.
The back to back L/C is issued in favor of the supplier to import raw materials required to produce
the item meant for export as stipulated in the credit being held by the buyer.

Sight L/C:

It means when the shipper ships the goods covered by the L/C, and presents the documents to the
bank for negotiation. When the documents are send by the negotiating bank to the L/C opening
bank, the L/C opening bank will affect payment to the negotiating bank immediately. Such L/Cs
usually say AT SIGHT which means pay when the bank sees the documents.

49
Revolving L/C:

It means that the beneficiary can draw money from such L/C up to the amount specified by means
of documents, and after drawing, the amount draw will automatically be replenished and is available
for another drawing and another drawing, and so on.

Revolving L/Cs are good for the buyer and the supplier to cover purchase made regularly as one
L/C can be used many times saving a lot of paper work as well as L/C opening charges at both ends.

Transferable or Divisible L/C:

A transferable credit is a credit under which the beneficiary has the right to request the bank called
upon to effect payment or acceptance or any bank entitled to effect negotiation to make the credit
available in whole or in part to one or more other parties (second beneficiaries).

Idea About at Sight at L/C.

It means when the shipper ships the goods covered by the L/C, and presents the documents to the
bank for negotiation. When the documents are send by the negotiating bank to the L/C opening
bank, the L/C opening bank will affect payment to the negotiating bank immediately. Such L/Cs
usually say AT SIGHT which means pay when the bank sees the documents.

3.23 Export Procedure:

The importers and exports trade of the country is regulated by the Imports Exports Control Act
1950. No person /firm is allowed to export anything from Bangladesh unless he is registered with
CCI and E under the registration order (Importer and Exporter) 1952. To become an exporter an
ERC (export Registration Certificate) must be obtained from the office of CCI & E.

Procedure for Obtaining Export Registration Certificate (ERC):

For obtaining Export Registration Certificate (ERC), intending Bangladesh Exporters are required
to apply to the CCI & E authority in the prescribed from along with the following documents:

a) Nationality Certificate.

b) Copy of valid Trade License.

c) Income Tax Certificate.

d) Bank Certificate.

e) Copy of rent receipt of the business firm.

50
 f) Registered Partnership Deed in case of partnership concerns.

g) Memorandum of Articles & Association and Incorporation certificate in Case of

Limited Company.

Different Types if Export:

A. Export under L/C

Exporters are allowed to export the commodity under irrevocable letter of credit. Under this type of
export, exporter will ship the goods as per terms of the credit and will get payment as per
arrangement of the credit.

b. Consignment basis export:

Exports are allowed against firm contract. As per contract, exporter will ship the goods and the
buyer will make payment after selling the consignment.

c. Export against advancement payment:

Sometimes exporter receives payment in advance. In that case, Authorized Dealer should obtain a
declaration from the exporter on the Advance receipt voucher certifying the purpose of the
remittance. Then the exporter will export the goods against the advance payment.

3.24 Finance Department:

Finance department is responsible for managing all the financial administrative affairs of the
company and has a very important influence on many of the policy and commercial decisions taken
by management. The financing of a companys operations requires precise timely planning and
control in order to ensure that adequate funds and credits are available when needed.

Apart from the money to pay suppliers, salaries, expenses, etc. funds have to be on hand to finance
stocks of raw materials and finished goods. In periods when trading is difficult and revenues are
down, provision has to be made to cover such periods.
Some important functions performed by this department are:

1. Providing management information

2. Budgeting
3. Garment costing checking
4. Administration.

51
3.25 Store Section:
Store is a specified area to locked items in a manner & subsequently issue those item time to time
when it is required or against any demand / requisition.

Ware house Another name is Material Facilities Branch (MFB).

Ware house is a confined and secured area for storage of all types of materials for day to day issue
as and when required.

Types of Store: There are four types of store in Iris Group under store department.

1. Fabric Store
2. Garments Accessories Store
3. Finishing Store
4. Dispatch / Export Central Section

Fabric Store: It is a store house where all kinds of fabrics are stored.

Garments Accessories Store: It is a store house where all types of sewing garments accessories
are kept.

Finishing Store: It is a store house where all finishing accessories are stored.

Dispatch / Export Central Section: It is place from where exporting goods are stored and get
ready to dispatch for shipment
52
Ware House:

Ware house is a large confined area for storage of item in bulk. It is secured and well-furnished and
stacking and racking facilities.

The functions of ware house:

01. Finishing Store

02. Quality
03. Export/ Dispatch Department

Works of Finishing Store: Blank carton, poly, hanger, interlining, back board, hanger sizes, silica
gel etc. received and delivery from finishing store.

53
 Chapter 4: Findings
4.1 Problems & Proposition
In every organization, there lies several problems in its day to day activity. In following section I
will try to visualize the problems and possible proposition or recommendation in a tabulated
manner.
Problem
Knitting Lack of modern machineries lead to
Section inefficient product.
Fancy fabrics which other countries
like China produces very easily is
difficult to produce here.
Inefficient/less knowledgeable
workers cause production related
problem.
Greige fabric quality problem arises
frequently.
Fabric hole, lot mixing, foreign yarn
mixing, dust etc.
HRM Inefficient use of this department.
section
Lack of power due to hidden
pressure from management.
Dyeing & Shortage productivity due to old
Washing model machine usage.
section High water usage causes
environmental concern.
Unskilled manpower causes various
problem regarding quality.
Proposition
Latest & modern machines should be
used.
Need highly skilled manpower, creativity
& modern machines.
Workers should be trained at regular
interval.
Proper in process checking can help
reduce these problems.
Production process should be properly
monitored, to prevent dust & foreign yarn
net could be used.
HRM job should be broader rather than
only salary & employee presence
monitoring.
Management malpractice should be
eliminated to help focus on employee
welfare.
Need modern & updated machine usage.
Dyeing technique should be modified so
that whole process take reduced amount
of water.
Workers should be trained and assessed.
54
 Working condition is mostly Proper rules should be followed to keep
dangerous. working environment clean & tidy.
Laboratory Lack of modern machineries lead to Modern machines should be used to keep
more work load. optimum testing condition.
Lack of safety training causes danger Better training and skilled personnel
sometimes. should be used.
Effluent Releasing hazardous chemical waste We need better implementation of
treatment to nature before proper treatment. governmental law to make sure wastage
plant is properly treated.
Sample Absence of our own designed Need creativity & free time to develop &
section sample. exhibit our developed samples.
Delay in sample submission. Need efficient planning & manpower.
Lack of optimum working condition. Need proper temperature & humidity
control in sample room to boost
productivity & quality.
Cutting Lack of safety measure cause Safety tools like auto cutting machine,
section accident. metal hand gloves should be used.
Huge dust creates risk of respiratory Fabrics should be clean finished before
complexity. cutting. Face mask should be used.
CAD Costly software license causes huge National talents could be used to develop
money expenditure yearly. CAD software for local use.
Printing Chemical hazard because of Need better storage facility & handling of
Section improper chemical storage. risky chemicals.
Absence of modern machineries Implementation of modern machineries
causes production reduction. to boost productivity & variance.
Planning & Improper implementation because of Need worker motivation & rational salary
IE worker unrest, power failure, over structure, better working environment,
booking. tolerant working hour etc.
Lack of planning software usage. Though such software is costly these
should be implemented.
Sewing & Intolerant working environment. Proper ventilation, flow of air, dust
Finishing reduction should be maintained.
Quality problem. Working hour should be balanced,
worker training is required.

55
 Worker unrest due to dissatisfaction
in salary.
Worker abuse, harassment.
Import Communication gap among banks in
Export different region.
procedure
Documents processing delay due to
bureaucratic measure. It causes huge
time to release goods from ports.
Storage & Limited capacity.
warehouse
Lack of proper handling.
Lack of convenient operation.
Others Emerging market competition from
India, Cambodia, Vietnam taking
away business opportunity from us.
Increasing competition with local
non-compliance factories.
Lack of electricity causing
productivity reduction.
Technological change is slowly
adopted.
Political crisis.
Lack of managerial knowledge.
Need balancing in salary structure.
This should be strictly prohibited and
miscreants should be treated boldly.
We should choose better law compliant
bank and avoid corrupted banks for letter
of credit management.
Government officials activity should be
under surveillance to reduce
procrastination.
Store capacity should be increased &
properly utilized.
Raw materials & packed goods should be
stored & sorted properly to better use of
space.
Efficient tools & industrial vehicles
should be used to automate work.
Only way to survive in competition is to
become more productive, skilled, reduce
bureaucratic longevity & waste
percentage reduction.
Factories should be closely monitored so
that no child labor allowed, illegal power
& fuel source should be eliminated.
Our government should focus on
increasing electricity capacity. Better
distribution of gas oil etc.
Management people should get out of old
shell and rethink in modern way.
Proper education system, moral, ethical
& religious resolution should be
implemented.
Management group should learn not only
by experience but they should study
56

Improper working environment.
Longer working hours leads to
monotony & boredom.
Because were not accustomed to use Advanced web based software can help
advanced technology or modern
managerial rules there are some
communication gap.
better articles & composition from
developed nations.
We should get out from becoming
greedy, rather we also think for others
betterment.
Working hours should be compliant with
our weather condition & both physical &
mental health.
reduce such problems.
57
 Chapter 5: Epilogue
5.1 Conclusion
The Ready-Made Garments (RMG) industry occupies a unique position in the Bangladesh
economy. It is the largest exporting industry in Bangladesh, which experienced phenomenal growth
during the last 25 years. The industry plays a key role in employment generation and in the provision
of income to the poor. Now-a days buyers are very much quality conscious. If it becomes possible
to maintain a high-quality system of inspection policy, the buyers shall be motivated to place more
orders in Bangladesh.

In order to reach competitive strength Bangladesh has a three-way plan. At first to improve the
overall operational efficiency and technological up gradation. Secondly, exploring newer export
markets and finally, diversifying the product range. The success depends on appropriate strategy
formulation and policy implementation. Considering its current performance and its contribution in
the process of economic development future expectation from this industry should not be
pessimistic. Rather, all our efforts must be taken from industry as well as govt. to enable
international marketers to be successful by adjusting all uncertainties and exploiting all
opportunities.

For around three months industrial training on Iris Group was a concluding part of the MBA Courses
which was to comprehend our theoretical knowledge along with practical knowledge. It also enables
us to orientate ourselves with the practical environment where we will work in future. During the
training period, the whole period was segmented and scheduled to a systematic routine. There were
different sides of operation in Garments manufacturing process. First of all, it should be mentioned
that Iris Group is a 100% export oriented Garments industry. For producing a quality product above
all export quality, it is desirable that the processes should be highly standard. For this purpose, Iris
Group has high skilled hard working officials, management and departments. Last of all I thank all
the officers who helped by co-operation and giving information to me. I feel lucky to complete the
internship at a well-known industry which will help me to build up career in RMG sector.

5.2 References
1. Company website: www.irisgroupbd.com
2. Search engine www.bing.com
3. Search engine www.google.com
4. Officers from various departments.

58