19th Central American and Caribbean

Mathematical Olympiad 2017

San Ignacio, El Salvador
Day 1 (June 18, 2017)

Problem 1

The figure shows a hexagonal lattice formed by small equilateral triangles. Gabriel and Arnold take
turns playing the following game. In his turn, each player colours one line segment, including its
endpoints, according to these rules:
(i) The endpoints of the segment must coincide with the vertices of some of the triangles.
(ii) The segment must be formed by one or several sides of the triangles.
(iii) The segment cannot have any point in common with any of the previously coloured segments
(including endpoints).
The first player who cannot colour a segment loses. If Gabriel plays first, determine which player has
a winning strategy and describe it.

Problem 2

A pair (a, b) of positive integers with a < 391 is called pupusa if

lcm(a, b) > lcm(a, 391).
Determine the smallest b among all possible pupusa pairs (a, b).

Note: lcm(a, b) denotes the least common multiple of a and b.

Problem 3

Given a triangle ABC, let D be the foot of the altitude from A, and ` be the line through the midpoints
of AC and BC. Let E be the reflection of point D with respect to `. Show that the circumcentre of
the triangle ABC lies on the line AE.

Time: four and one-half hours

Each problem is worth seven points