EE2024 Lecture 1 Intro

EE2024/E Programming for
Computer Interfaces
Rajesh Panicker
rajesh@nus.edu.sg
All slides are courtesy A/Prof CK Tham, ECE, NUS

Teaching Team
Lecturer
Dr Rajesh Panicker
Teaching Assistants
Mr Christopher Moy (also a tutor)
Mr Shahzor Ahmad
Tutors
A/Prof Bharadwaj Veeravalli
Dr Loke Yuan Ren
~17 Graduate Assistants
EE2024/E Lecture 1: Introduction to Microprocessors & ARM
CK Tham, ECE NUS
What you will learn in this course
Develop an ARM embedded system using assembly

language and C
Interface with devices such as sensors and actuators

using industry-standard protocols

CK Tham, ECE NUS
Learning Outcomes
To be able to apply knowledge of microprocessor concepts to
program a microprocessor or microcontroller using assembly
language to perform an engineering task.
To be able to use different addressing modes to efficiently access
data in CPU registers and memory.
To be able to configure CPU interrupts with different priorities to
reflect the importance of different events.
To be able to apply knowledge of computer interfacing protocols such
as I2C and UART, and to be able to implement these protocols using
the C programming language, to interface a microprocessor to other
devices such as sensors and actuators.
To be able to design and develop an embedded system application
and qualitatively and quantitatively verify how well it meets design
specifications and performs specified functions.
CK Tham, ECE NUS
Lecture Plan
Lecture 1: Introduction to Microprocessors & ARM
Lecture 2: Microprocessor Concepts
Lecture 3: ARM Cortex-M3 Overview
Lecture 4: ARM Instruction Set & Assembly Language
Lecture 5: Embedded System Development through C
Programming (CMSIS)
Lecture 6: Pin Connect Block
Lecture 7: General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO)
Briefing: EA Baseboard
Lecture 8: Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) Protocol
Lecture 9: Interrupt System & NVIC
Lecture 10: Universal Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter (UART) Protocol
Revision
CK Tham, ECE NUS
Assignments & Lab/Assessment Sessions
2 Assignments
Assignment 1: ARM Assembly Language Assignment
(Weeks 4-6) 15%
Assignment 2: ARM Embedded System Development
(Weeks 7-13) 35%
Lab Sessions
Session 1: Familiarization with Development Environment (Week 3)
Session 2: Assembly Language and C Programming (Week 4)
Session 3: Assignment 1 Assessment (Week 7)
Session 4: System Design and Baseboard Familiarization (Week 8)
Session 5: Interfacing to Sensors and Output Devices using GPIO and I2C
(Week 9)
Session 6: Interrupt Handling and Event Detection (Week 11)
Session 7: Interfacing to External System using UART (Week 12)
Session 8: Assignment 2 Assessment (Week 13)

CK Tham, ECE NUS
Books
Due to the state-of-the-art nature of this module, there is no single
recommended textbook.
Reference Books:
Joseph Yiu : The Definitive Guide to the ARM Cortex-M3, Newnes, 2010.
(e-book available from NUS library)
Carl Hamacher, Zvonko Vranesic, Safwat Zaky, Naraig Manjikian:
Computer Organization and Embedded Systems, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill,
2012. ISBN 978-007-108900-5.
Sarah Harris, David Harris : Digital Design and Computer Architecture
ARM Edition. ISBN: 978-0-12-800056-4
Note: These books are based on other versions of ARM Instruction Set.
This module focuses on ARMv7-M instead. There are some differences.
NXP UM10360 LPC17xx User Manual
ARMv7-M Architecture Reference Manual (ARM)
Other supporting documents (especially for assignment):

LPCXpresso: Getting started with NXP LPCXpresso
LPCXpresso Base Board Rev B Users Guide
CK Tham, ECE NUS
How To Approach This Module
Try to be in sync with the material taught in the class
This module is like a jigsaw puzzle
Each piece, taken alone, might not make complete sense
You need to be familiar with the pieces and assemble
them together mentally to form the complete picture!
Screencasts are meant for revision, not as a

substitute for attending lectures. If you are not
attending classes, you are missing something

CK Tham, ECE NUS
Lecture slides are meant to be a rough guideline,
rather than comprehensive notes
You will need to use datasheets, manuals and internet
resources as and when required
Not everything can be taught in the class : swimming,
riding a bicycle, , microcontroller programming (EE2024)
DO NOT send individual emails unless the matter is
personal. Use the IVLE forum
Consultation requests
Concepts : Lecturer or tutor
Labs : Teaching Assistants
CK Tham, ECE NUS
Come prepared for labs and follow the lab schedule
Low-level programming involves dealing with a lot
more uncertainties than conventional programming
Hardware board designs are usually not perfect
Since it involves exchanging data with external hardware
(sensors etc), it is not easy to isolate errors and debug them
You need to deal with the time factor in your code ->
what time does a particular code executes and for how long
Software toolchains (compiler, libraries, debugger etc.) for
lower level programming are buggier than higher level
compilers
Smaller user base
Tools are tied to a specific hardware platform
CK Tham, ECE NUS
1. Introduction to
Microprocessors & ARM
Rajesh Panicker
rajesh@nus.edu.sg
All slides are courtesy A/Prof CK Tham, ECE, NUS

Lecture 1: Introduction to
Microprocessors & ARM
Objectives:
understand evolution of computing and position of
ARM Cortex-M3 / NXP LPC1769 in the landscape, and key
features of ARM Cortex-M3 / NXP LPC1769
Outline:
Short history of Computing and ARM
ARM Cortex-M3 Processor
NXP LPC1769 system-on-chip
Overview of this module, lecture plan, books

CK Tham, ECE NUS
CK Tham, ECE NUS
(Advanced RISC Machines)

CK Tham, ECE NUS
CK Tham, ECE NUS
Different ARM families
Main Strengths of ARM:

High-performance
Power-efficient
Easy to integrate ARM core
with peripherals to form
system-on-chip
Low cost
CK Tham, ECE NUS
ARM s-o-c in popular devices
Apple A5 system-on-chip
CPU: Dual-core ARM Cortex-A9
Instruction set: ARMv7-A
In iPhone 4S, iPad 2
Apple A6 system-on-chip
CPU: Dual-core Swift (~ARM Cortex-A15)
Instruction set: ARMv7s
In iPhone 5
Note: iPhone 5s/6 uses A7/8 (64-bit ARMv8-A i.s.)
Samsung Exynos Octa 5422/7420 s-o-c
CPU: 8-core ARM Cortex-A15/57 & A-7/53
Instruction set: ARMv7/8-A
In Samsung Galaxy S5/6
CK Tham, ECE NUS
CK Tham, ECE NUS
ARM Cortex-M3 NXP LPC1769
Operates at 120 MHz
100 pin packaging
Refer to UM10360 or data
sheet for pinout details
Many of these pins have 4
functions
desired function is
programmable (pin connect
block, or PINSEL)
LPCXpresso board with IDE and
Baseboard allows convenient
access to LPC1769
functionalities
See Getting Started and
Baseboard Users Guide
Rich software library provided
CK Tham, ECE NUS
LPC1769 SoC internals:
functional view
AHB: Advanced High-Performance Bus

APB: Advanced Peripheral Bus

CK Tham, ECE NUS
ARM Cortex-M3 NXP LPC1769
Cortex-M3 processor
Incorporates a 3-stage pipeline and uses a Harvard architecture with separate local
instruction and data buses as well as a third bus for peripherals
512 KB of flash memory
64 KB on-chip SRAM includes:
32 kB of SRAM on the CPU with local code/data bus for high-performance CPU access
two 16 KB SRAM blocks with separate access paths for higher throughput
these SRAM blocks may be used for Ethernet, USB, and DMA memory, as well as for general purpose
instruction and data storage.
Built-in Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC)

Fast General Purpose Input Output (GPIO) ports
Ethernet MAC
a USB interface that can be configured as either Host, Device, or OTG (On The Go)
8 channel general purpose DMA controller
2 SSP controllers, SPI interface, 4 UARTs, 2 CAN channels
3 I2C interfaces, 2-input plus 2-output I2S (Inter-IC Sound) interface
8 channel 12-bit ADC, 10-bit DAC, motor control PWM
4 general purpose timers, 6-output general purpose PWM, ultra-low power real-time
clock (RTC) with separate battery supply

CK Tham, ECE NUS
How to approach this module?
Understand underlying design principles, concepts
and protocols, both hardware and software aspects
Understand the ARM assembler code and main C
libraries which implement the concepts and protocols
Use these to create a useful embedded system and
application!
Work hard on the 2 Assignments

Make sure you complete each section by the stated time
End-of-term Examination
CK Tham, ECE NUS
THE END
Questions?

CK Tham, ECE NUS

EE2024 Lecture 1 Intro

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EE2024/E Programming for

All slides are courtesy A/Prof CK Tham, ECE, NUS

Develop an ARM embedded system using assembly

Interface with devices such as sensors and actuators

EE2024/E Lecture 1: Introduction to Microprocessors & ARM

EE2024/E Lecture 1: Introduction to Microprocessors & ARM

Other supporting documents (especially for assignment):

Screencasts are meant for revision, not as a

EE2024/E Lecture 1: Introduction to Microprocessors & ARM

All slides are courtesy A/Prof CK Tham, ECE, NUS

EE2024/E Lecture 1: Introduction to Microprocessors & ARM

EE2024/E Lecture 1: Introduction to Microprocessors & ARM

Main Strengths of ARM:

AHB: Advanced High-Performance Bus

EE2024/E Lecture 1: Introduction to Microprocessors & ARM

Built-in Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC)

EE2024/E Lecture 1: Introduction to Microprocessors & ARM

Work hard on the 2 Assignments

EE2024/E Lecture 1: Introduction to Microprocessors & ARM

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