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Katies case study will be a description of her development in the PEPSI areas,

that is physical, emotional, philosophical, social, and intellectual. Katie is an average

nine-year-old female in the third grade.

Physical

Physical development will be defined by physical activity, eating habits, and

health knowledge because knowing how to take care of your body affects your future

health. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2008

Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans children and adolescents should be

participating in 60 minutes of physical activity daily that consist of aerobic, muscle-

strengthening, and bone-strengthening exercises. Katie gets about 30 minutes of

physical activity during weekdays, thanks to Nevadas Statewide School Wellness Policy

that requires a minimum of 30 minutes of recess or physical activity breaks per day for

grades K-12 by all local education agencies. Katie says that she mostly plays tag,

hopscotch, and jump rope with her friends during recess. Those games are great for

aerobic and bone-strengthening however none help her muscles strengthen. Tree

climbing and swinging on monkey bars are two way that would help her strengthen her

muscles. Along with being active, parents want their children to get the right nutrition.

The U.S. Department of Agricultures choose my plate guide has daily recommendations

for a nine-year-old female to have 1.5 cups of fruit, 2 cups of vegetables, 5 ounces of

whole grains, and 5 ounces of protein. On an average day, eating a school proved lunch

Katie has 2 cups of fruit, 1 cup of vegetables, 4 ounces of whole grains, and 5 ounces of

protein. Katie appears to have overall decent knowledge of Nevadas Academic Health

Standards. Based on the 3rd grade NV health standards, she was especially well

informed on, 1.5.4 Identify key nutrients, their functions, and the role they play to
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promote optimal health and 1.5.7 Describe ways to prevent common childhood

injuries.

Emotional

According to Harvard University the core features of emotional development

includes the ability to identify and understand ones own feelings, to accurately read and

comprehend emotional states of others, and to manage strong emotions and their

expression in a constructive manner. Katie has started developing these skills. Using a

chart by the Australian Government: Department of Health, Katie is an emotionally

adjusted child. She understands that she can have more than one similar reaction to a

same event. She acknowledges clues from a situation to help understand an emotion for

example understanding another child is crying because they lost their toy. PBS says that

one trait that should be developed by age nine is demonstrating knowledge of social

customs for when and to whom certain emotions are appropriate to express for example

Katie has shown that it is needed of her to be quiet when her mother is on the phone or

when receiving any gift even an undesirable one to say thank you.

Philosophical

Philosophical development will be measured by three theories: Piagets cognitive

development and Eriksons psychosocial development. Katie is in the concrete

operational stage of Piagets theory which states children ages seven to eleven years old

begin to reason logically about concrete objects and events in their world however

cannot think in purely abstract terms (Siegler, & DeLoache, & Eisenberg). Katie does

have trouble with abstract hypothetical questions but fully capable of understanding an

abstract idea if she has experienced it. For example, Katie fully understands how to use

Netflix, the idea of having a movie queue as the basis for a physical and/or digital
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subscription. In Eriksons psychosocial development theory, stage for six to eleven years

old is industry versus inferiority. In the textbook Psychology Applied to Teaching,

industry is resulted by encouragement to make and do things well, allowed to finish

tasks, praised for trying, and helped to persevere while inferiority is resulted by

unsuccessful efforts and treated as bothersome. (Snowman, Jack & McCown, Rick. Page

29). In Psychological Perspectives on Human Development, Fleming states that

children in this stage do best when they are well prepared for school or have the skills to

learn from life experiences developed from earlier stages. Katies mother makes efforts

every day that helps her development industry by giving her praise and attention for

performing tasks such as reading, writing, or drawing. Katie has extra pride in her

drawings.

Social

Katie has a close relationship with her mom and her closest friendships are of the

same sex which is normal according to the Middle Childhood article by the Centers for

Disease Control and Prevention. Katie loves trying to get attention by starting up

conversation but also understands when it is socially appropriate to be quiet. WebMD

says its standard for her to not appear to have any childish fears of monsters under the

bed while getting anxiety about wanting to do well in school. Katie has caring

friendships but she has been a victim of bullying by a cousin and a classmate. Once her

mother found out, she does her best to stop it; even transferred Katie to a new school

because she felt the school administration wasnt handling it. Hopefully the bullying has

stopped for good because U.S. Department of Health and Human services

stopbullying.gov reported that kids who were frequently victimized by classmates had
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lower scores on standardized achievement tests, lower grades, higher levels of

depression, and more likely to drop out.

Intellectual

Intellectual development will mostly be measured by Katies skills in reading,

writing, and math using Nevada Academic Content Standards. Snowman and McCown

describes the beginning of scientific thinking when Katie and other primary grade

children prefer explanations based on evidence. Katie meets all the 3rd grade reading

standards for literature, informational, and foundational readings. Standards for

writing, speaking and listening, and language Katie did very well completing. These

skills arent surprising since Katie enjoys reading and writing stories however she isnt a

big fan of math. Katie does mediocre in the geometry and fractions sections of the

Nevada Academic Content Standards in Mathematics. Nonetheless she did better in the

operations & algebraic thinking, and number & operations in base ten sections. She is a

smart girl who will be passing on to the fourth-grade next school year.
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References

Australian Government: Department of Health. Emotional Development.

Available from http://www.kidsmatter.edu.au/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Middle Childhood [Data file].

Available from https://www.cdc.gov

Fleming, J. (2004). Eriksons Psychosocial Developmental Stages. In Psychological

Perspectives on Human Development (Chapter nine).

Retrieved from http://swppr.org/textbook/ch%209%20erikson.pdf

Ford, L, & Hardman, D. Nevada Department of Education. Nevada Academic Content

Standards for English Language Arts: Version 1.2.

Available from http://www.doe.nv.gov/

National Scientific Council on the Developing Child: Harvard University. (2004).

Childrens Emotional Development is Built into the Architecture of Their Brains:

Working Paper No. 2. Available from http://www.developingchild.net

Nevada State Board of Education. (2007). Current Health Standards [Data file].

Available from http://www.doe.nv.gov/

Nevada State Board of Education. Nevada Academic Content Standards in

Mathematics [Data file]. Available from http://www.doe.nv.gov/

PBS. Child Development Tracker. Available from http://www.pbs.org/

Sieglar, DeLoache, & Eisenberg. Theories of Cognitive Development [PowerPoint

slides]. Retrieved from http://www.psy.cmu.edu/~rakison/POCDclass7.pdf

Snowman, J, & McCown, R. Psychology Applied to Teaching: Fourteenth Edition

[Kindle version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com

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United States Department of Agriculture. My Plate [Data file].

Available from https://www.choosemyplate.gov

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Effects of Bullying [Data file].

Available from https://www.stopbullying.gov

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (2008). Physical Activity Guidelines for

Americans [Data file]. Retrieved from

https://health.gov/paguidelines/pdf/paguide.pdf

WebMD. Milestones for 9-Year-Olds. Retrieved from

http://www.webmd.com/children/tc/milestones-for-9-year-olds-topic-

overview#1