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14 like/love + ing form (expressing pleasure) like to + base form (expressing unpleasant duties)
15 I like dancing. (in general) I like to go to the dentist every six months.
52 2nd conditional: I would help him if he asked me. I would help him if he were polite to me.
53 I would help you if you asked me. I would help you if you were polite to me.
54 se dovesse I would help her if she were to ask me. I would help him if he were to be polite to me.
55 (per caso) I would help them if they were to ask me. I would help you if you were to be polite to me.
56 3rd conditional: I would have helped him if he had asked me. I would have helped her if she had been polite.
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58 se potessi se dovesse (se fosse costretto)
59 st
1 conditional: I will help him if I can do so. I will help them if I have to do so.
60 2nd conditional: I would help him if I could do so. I would help him if I had to do so.
61 3rd conditional: I would have helped him if I could have done so. I would have helped her if I had had to do so.
43 verb + verb structures (the structure of the second verb in English depends on what the first verb is)
44 - most English verbs can be followed by the infinitive (to )
45 afford appear arrange be begin choose consent decide fail happen
46 hesitate learn manage offer prepare pretend promise refuse save up seem
47 study swear wait want wish .
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49 verbo + a / di / da / per + verbo in italiano subject + verb + infinitive in English
50 Era solo una buona scusa per uscire. It was just a good excuse to go out.
51 Non siamo riusciti ad arrivare in orario. We failed to get there on time.
52 Stanno risparmiando per comprare casa. They are saving up to buy a house.
53 Non aspettai neppure di sentire il voto. I didnt even wait to find out what mark I had got.
54 Sarebbe un buon libro da leggere a letto. That would be a good book to read in bed.
55 Ha deciso di non comprare un motorino. She decided not to buy a moped.
56 Hanno gi promesso di non interrompere. They have already promised not to interrupt.
57 - other English verbs can be followed by an object + infinitive (to )
58 advise allow command encourage force get (convince) instruct invite oblige
59 order permit persuade request remind teach tell tempt
60
61 subject + verb + + object infinitive in English
62 We advised them to take an umbrella.
63 Did he encourage you to learn English?
64 They couldnt persuade her to go with them.
9 - but these English verbs are normally followed by subject + verb (in the appropriate indicative tense):
10 believe feel imagine know say show suppose think
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12 subject + verb + subject+ verb
13 He said he was happy.
14 She thought she would phone them.
15 She feels she is behaving badly.
16 We know we are right.
17 - hope / claim can either be followed by the infinitive or by subject + verb (in the appropriate indicative tense):
18 subject + verb + infinitive subject + verb + subject + verb
19 He is hoping to get a job in advertising. He hopes he can get a job in advertising.
20 He claims to be an honest man. He claims he is an honest man.
21 - remind / tell / warn can either be followed by the object + infinitive or by subject + verb (in an appropriate indicative tense):
22 We reminded her to get to work on time. We reminded her that she should get to work on time.
23 Arent you going to warn him not to smoke here? Arent you going to warn him (that) he cant smoke in here?
24 She told him to help his brother. She told him (that) he should help his brother.
25 - suggest can be followed by 1. subject + should + verb, by 2. a poss. adj. + ing form, or by 3. an object + ing form:
26 We suggested (that) he should get the bus.
27 We suggested him getting the bus.
28 We suggested his getting the bus.
29 reflexive verbs:
30 - Very few frequently used English verbs are reflexive:
31 apply oneself (to) dedicarsi/impegnarsi enjoy oneself divertirsi
32 control oneself controllarsi hurt oneself farsi male
33 cut oneself tagliarsi kill oneself suicidarsi
34
35 - behave: behave oneself = comportarsi bene
36 behave + adjective = comportarsi in modo espresso dallaggettivo.
37
38 - some verbs which can be followed by a reflexive pronoun, arent usually:
39 rare construction normal construction verb + object
40 wash oneself have a wash wash my face
41 shave oneself have a shave shave her legs
42 dress oneself get dressed put a shirt on / put on a shirt
43 undress oneself get undressed take their jumpers off / take off their jumpers
44
45 - Lots of Italian reflexive verbs are expressed in English using to get + adjective / past participle in English
46
47 get angry arrabbiarsi get annoyed seccarsi
48 get cold rinfrescarsi get bored annoiarsi
49 get dry asciugarsi get drunk ubriacarsi
50 get hot caldarsi get engaged fidanzarsi
51 get rich arricchirsi get fed up stufarsi
52 get warm riscaldarsi get married sposarsi
53 get wet bagnarsi get tired stancarsi
54 get up alzarsi . etc.
55 etc.
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Author: Geraldine Ann Foster Pagina 6
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2 - Lots of Italian reflexive verbs are not reflexive in English
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4 apologize scusarsi join unirsi/ arruolarsi
5 approach avvicinarsi a kneel inginocchiarsi
6 be ashamed vergognarsi move muoversi/ trasferirsi
7 be mistaken sbagliarsi practise esercitarsi
8 boast vantarsi realise accorgersi/ rendersi conto di
9 commit suicide suicidarsi refer riferirsi
10 complain lamentarsi rest/have a rest riposarsi
11 fall asleep addormentarsi rush precipitarsi
12 fall ill ammalarsi retire ritirarsi/andare in pensione
13 fall in love with innamorarsi di sit down sedersi
14 feel sentirsi stand up alzarsi (dalla sedia)
15 go to sleep addormentarsi stop fermarsi
16 hurry up affrettarsi surrender arrendersi
17 inquire informarsi wake up svegliarsi
18 etc. etc.
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20 - Reciprocal actions between 2 people (. each other), and between more than 2 people (. one another)
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22 Gillian and Tom were talking to each other. The guests were all talking to one another.
23 My parents often argue with each other. My many cousins hardly ever see one another except on Sundays.
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27 choosing the right verb tenses for given situations:
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33 describing what happens in novels, films, TV adverts, videos, etc
34 A shy young Englishman is working in a bookshop in Nottinghill in London. A beautiful American film star walks into the shop and has a look
35 around. She is wearing a white t-shirt. The young man goes out to buy some take-away coffee. He bumps into the actress on his way back to the
36 shop, spilling coffee down her t-shirt. He invites her to his flat ..
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38 A woman is driving a car down a country road. The sun is shining and the wind is blowing through her hair. She stops the car and gets some
39 moisturizing cream out of her handbag. She applies it to her face, and looks much happier. Thats better, she says, I needed that, and after all,
40 Im worth it.
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46 describing action in photos, magazine adverts, pictures, etc
47 The young woman in the shoe advert is running away from some ferocious animals who are chasing her. However, she looks happy and relaxed,
48 implying that [suggesting that] she thinks she wont have any trouble getting away from her pursuers.
49 She is wearing
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54 describing past events
55 I spent Christmas Day at home with my family. We all got up early to open our Christmas presents. We decided to skip breakfast and just have a
56 cup of tea and then help Mum to get lunch ready. We were expecting lots of guests, as usual, so there was a lot to do. My brother peeled a mountain
57 of potatoes while I laid the table. In the meantime, my sister washed and chopped up loads of vegetables. My Mum had already made a huge
58 chocolate log the previous evening, and the turkey was already in the oven. .
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68 describing actions in news items, etc