Deflection Shape

Structural Form Subject to horizontal Load

Beam and Post

Rigid Frame
Deflection Shape
Advantage
Subject to vertical Load
Simplier Foundation Design

Small beam size (M reduced)

 Disadvantage Simplified Calculation
Need lateral support element (bracing)

Larger Column
Consider horizontal Thrust in Foundation
created by vertical load
Beam contribute to lateral load resisting
Settlement must be consider as great
moment might induced
Simplified Calculation
Preliminary design Stage
Design Development Stage
Simplified Calculation
1) Draw probable deflected shape 2) locate inflection points

Rigid Frame
Subject to Horizontal Load
Pinned Supported

Assumn point of inflection in midspan, which will then find that RAH = RDV

Subject to Virtical Load position of inflection point is relative to the stiffness of beam and column
Pinned Supported

Shear
 Fixed Support

Treat as cantilever column

Assumn three points of inflection Apply pin joint at the point of inflection, and calculate equilibrium

of beam and column

 Treat as cantilever column

and calculate equilibrium

Effect of column and beam stiffness

Coulmn stiffness column moment Beam End Moment Beam Mid-span Moment

Coulmn stiffness column moment Beam End Moment Beam Mid-span Moment

Sway - when frame subject to uneven load

The joint must be in rotational equilibrium, therefore sway naurally to balance the moment and horizontal thrust
d horizontal thrust
Steel
E 20500 N/mm^2
Geotechnical Parameters for Hong Kong Selected Soils

Load Cases
Ka & Kp Beaware of normal consolidation soil or over consolidated soil
Lateral Earth Pressure due to Surcharge
Other Lateral Pressure

Flat

Slope
Bearing Pressure
sum of M
=/2 (())/

=/ ( 1 +
6/)

Settlement
Spring = EA/L
E = Elasticity of Steel
A = Cross Section Area of Pile
L = Length of Pile
Kp =
1 / Ka
Design Flow
Ultimate bearing resistance (Qf)
Uplif
Resist by skin Fricition only
 Perimeter area of the shaft (As)
Average value of ultimate shearing resistance per unit area (qs)

- Less deflection with full shaft resistance

Resistance Considered Piles in Clay

Bell Solution pg. 112 (Foundation Design and Const
Resist by skin Fricition only
Foundation Design and Construction)
Uncertain
"To be determined on site by the Engineer" or "to be proposed by the Contractor and agreed by the Engineer"
d agreed by the Engineer"
The impact of the change will depend on the timing of the variation -v- the actual p

Disruption cost (additional and reordered work) as work instructions, drawings, purchase orders, etc are a

The term prolongation refers to the extra costs that a contractor may incur as a result of the completion of the

manifestations

Once a decision to accelerate has been made, it is critical that every cost incurred is recorded. This is the only eff
needs to be able to establish what additional resources were brought to site and w
Guide Specifications for Highway Construction, 9th Edition
iation -v- the actual progress of the project works

s, purchase orders, etc are altered to accommodate the change, already installed brass taps are removed, etc

ult of the completion of the works being delayed by an event that is the responsibility of the client. for example, additional lab

recorded. This is the only effective basis for substantiating a claim. The contractor
brought to site and when, the amount of overtime worked, etc
for example, additional labour costs, plant costs, off-site overheads, fluctuations and so on. The prolongation element i
The prolongation element is dependent on the completion date being delayed